Structured treatment interruptions: A risky business

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 601-603

  Montaner, Julio ^a   Harris, Marianne ^a   Hogg, Robert ^a  

^a BRITISH COLUMBIA CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIV AIDS   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

CHRONICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; EDITORIAL; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIDE EFFECT; STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS RESISTANCE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHRONIC DISEASE; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS;

EID: 13944274099     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/427707     Document Type: Editorial

References (42)

1. Hammer SM, Squire KE, Hughes MD, et al. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:725-33.
2. Montaner JSG, Reiss P, Cooper D, et al. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing combinations of nevirapine, didanosine and zidovudine for HIV-infected patients. The IN-CAS Trial. Italy, The Netherlands, Canada and Australia Study. JAMA 1998; 279:930-7.
3. Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:853-60.
4. Hogg RS, Yip B, Kully C, et al. Improved survival among HIV-infected individuals following the initiation of triple combination antiretroviral regimens. CMAJ 1999; 160:659-65.
5. Lee LM, Karon JM, Selik R, Neal JJ, Fleming PL. Survival after AIDS diagnosis in adolescents and adults during the treatment era, United States, 1984-1997. JAMA 2001; 285: 1308-15.
6. Perelson AS, Essunger P, Cao Y. Decay characteristics of HIV-1 infected compartments during combination therapy. Nature 1997; 387:188-91.
7. Zhang L, Ramratnam B, Tenner-Racz K, et al. Quantifying residual HIV-1 replication in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1605-13.
8. + T-cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nature Med 1999; 5:512-7.
9. Low-Beer S, Yip B, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS, Montaner JS. Adherence to triple therapy and viral load response. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000; 23:360-1.
10. Carr A, Samaras K, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. Pathogenesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance. Lancet 1998; 351:1881-3.
11. Carr A, Samaras K, Burton S, et al. A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance due to HIV protease inhibitors. AIDS 1998; 12:F51-8.
12. Heath KV, Hogg RS, Chan K, et al. Lipodystrophy-associated morphologic and metabolic abnormalities in a large population-based observational HIV/AIDS treatment database in a context of free and universal access to antiretroviral therapies. AIDS 2001; 15:231-9.
13. Rhew DC, Bernal M, Aguilar D, Iloeje U, Goetz MB. Association between protease inhibitor use and increased cardiovascular risk in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:959-72.
14. Piscitelli SC, Gallicano KD. Interactions among drugs for HIV and opportunistic infections. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:984-96.
15. Hogg RS, Yip B, Chan KJ, et al. Rates of disease progression by baseline CD4 cell count and viral load after initiating triple-drug therapy. JAMA 2001; 286:2568-77.
16. Chen R, Westfall A, Coud G, et al. Long-term survival after initiation of antiretroviral therapy [abstract 341]. In: Program and abstracts of the 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (Chicago). Alexandria, VA: Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, 2001:145.
17. Sterling TR, Chaisson RE, Keruly J, Moore RD. Improved outcomes with earlier initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who achieve durable virologic suppression: longer follow-up of an observational cohort study. J Infect Dis 2003; 188:1659-65.
18. + lymphocyte counts <350 cells/μL. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:951-8.
19. Miller V. Structured treatment interruptions in antiretroviral management of HIV-1. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14:29-37.
20. Lisziewicz J, Rosenberg E, Lieberman, J. Control of HIV despite the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1683.
21. Rosenberg ES, Altfeld M, Poon SF, et al. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature 2000; 407:523-6.
22. Miller V, Sabin C, Hertogs K, et al. Virological and immunological effects of treatment interruptions in HIV-infected patients with treatment failure. AIDS 2000; 14:2857-67.
23. Devereux HL, Youle M, Johnson MA, Loveday C. Rapid decline in detectability of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations after stopping therapy. AIDS 1999; 13:F123-7.
24. Izopet J, Massip P, Souyris C, et al. Shift in HIV resistance genotype after treatment interruption and short-term antiviral effect following a new salvage regimen. AIDS 2000; 14: 2247-55.
25. Deeks SG, Wrin T, Liegler T, et al. Virologic and immunologic consequences of discontinuing combination antiretroviral drug therapy in HIV-infected patients with detectable viremia. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:472-480.
26. Lawrence J, Mayers D, Huppler, et al. Structured treatment interruption in patients with multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:837-46.
27. Taffe P, Rickenback M, Hirschel B, et al. Impact of occasional short interruptions of HAART on the progression of HIV infection: results from a cohort study. AIDS 2002; 16: 747-55.
28. 3. Can J Infect Dis 2004; 15(Suppl A):29A.
29. Skiest DJ, Morrow P, Allen B, et al. It is safe to stop antiretroviral therapy in patients with preantiretroviral CD4 cell counts >250 cells/ μL. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 37: 1351-7.
30. Altfeld M, Rosenberg ES, Eldridge RL, et al. Increase in breadth and frequency of CTL responses after structured therapy interruptions in individuals treated with HAART during acute HIV-1 infection [abstract 357]. In: Program and abstracts of the 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (San Francisco). Alexandria, VA: Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, 2000: 143.
31. García F, Plana M, Ortiz GM, et al. The virological and immunological consequences of structured treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2001; 15:F29-40.
32. Ruiz L, Carcelain G, Martínez-Picado J, et al. HIV dynamics and T-cell immunity after three structured treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2001; 15:F19-27.
33. Fauci A. Host factors in the pathogenesis of HIV disease: implications for therapeutic strategies [abstract PL4]. In: Program and abstracts of the 1st International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (Buenos Aires). Stockholm: International AIDS Society, 2001:78.
34. Palmisano L, Giuliano M, Bucciardini R, et al. Emergence of resistance mutations during intermittent HAART: rate, predicting factors, and effect on virologic response [abstract 552]. In: Program and abstracts of the 11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (San Francisco). Alexandria, VA: Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, 2004:263.
35. Arnedo M, Garcia F, Gil C, et al. Risk of developing selected de novo resistance mutations during structured therapy interruption in chronic HIV-1 infection [abstract 142]. XIII International Drug Resistance Workshop, Tenerife. Antivir Ther 2004; 9:S158.
36. Cardiello PG, Hassink E, Ananworanich J, et al. A prospective, randomized trial of structured treatment interruption in patients with chronic HIV type 1 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:594-600 (in this issue).
37. Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, et al. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2004 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA 2004; 292:251-65.
38. Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004. Available at: http://AIDSinfo.nih.gov. Accessed 3 November 2004.
39. Pozniak A, Gazzard B, Anderson J, et al. British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2003;4(Suppl 1):1-41.
40. Danel C, Moh R, Sorho S, et al. Progress report on a structured treatment interruption (STI) trial: Trivacan ANRS 1269 trial, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire [abstract WeOrB1284]. In: Program and abstracts of the 15th International AIDS Conference (Bangkok). Stockholm: International AIDS Society, 2004. Available at: http: //www.ejias.org.
41. Marchou B, Molina JM, Tangre P, et al. ANRS 106-Window: A prospective, randomised, multicenter trial of intermittent therapy in HIV-infected patients with successful viral suppression under HAART [abstract WeOrB1285]. The ANRS 106 Study Group. In: Program and abstracts of the 15th International AIDS Conference (Bangkok). Stockholm: International AIDS Society, 2004. Available at: http://www.ejias.org.
42. Rietmeijer C, Burman W, Neuhaus J, Douglas J, McCartin C. HIV transmission risk among patient enrolled in a large clinical trial evaluating treatment interruption [abstract ThPeD7625]. In: Program and abstracts of the 15th International AIDS Conference (Bangkok). Stockholm: International AIDS Society, 2004. Available at: http://www.ejias.org.