A theoretical model describing the transfer characteristics of a membrane hydrophone and validation

Ultrasonics

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 331-341

  Gélat, Pierre N ^a   Preston, Roy C ^a   Hurrell, Andrew ^b  

^a NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^b Precision Acoustics Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bilaminar; Membrane hydrophone; Phase response; Piezoelectric; pvdf

Indexed keywords

AMPLIFIERS (ELECTRONIC); BILAMINATE MEMBRANES; ELECTRIC LINES; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; INTERFEROMETERS; LASER BEAMS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MATRIX ALGEBRA; PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; ULTRASONIC IMAGING;

BILAMINAR; MEMBRANE HYDROPHONES; PHASE RESPONSE; PIEZOELECTRIC; POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE;

HYDROPHONES;

POLYVINYL DERIVATIVE; POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE;

ACOUSTICS; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE; ECHOGRAPHY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; THEORETICAL MODEL;

ACOUSTICS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL; MODELS, THEORETICAL; POLYVINYLS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

EID: 13944263663     PISSN: 0041624X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. IEC 61157, Requirements for the declaration of the acoustic output of medical diagnostic ultrasonic equipment, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992
2. R.C. Preston, D.R. Bacon, A.J. Livett, and K. Rajendran PVDF membrane hydrophone performance properties and their relevance to the measurement of the acoustic output of medical ultrasonic equipment J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 16 1983 786 796
3. R.A. Smith, and D.R. Bacon A multiple frequency hydrophone calibration technique J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87 5 1990 2231 2243
4. D.R. Bacon Characteristics of a pvdf membrane hydrophone for use in the range 1-100 MHz IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason. SU-29 1 1982 18 25
5. R.A. Smith The importance of the frequency response of a hydrophone when characterising medical ultrasonic fields Proc. Inst. Acoustics 8 Part 2 1986 119 128
6. T.J. Esward, H. Persson, C. Kollman, F.J. Chinchurreta Segovia, K. Beissner, G. Ludwig, B. Ward, T.A. Whittingham, A. Eisenberg, M. Pessel, R.T. Hekkenberg, F.A. Duck, and J. Knuuttila A European comparison of medical ultrasonic field measurements: interpreting IEC 61157 Acustica-Acta Acust. 86 6 2000 1000 1010
7. IEC 61220, Ultrasonics-Fields-Guidance for the measurement and characterisation of ultrasonic fields generated by medical ultrasonic equipment using hydrophones in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 15 MHz, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993
8. W.P. Mason Electrical Transducers and Wave filters 1948 Van Nostrand Princeton, NJ
9. M. Redwood Transient performance of a piezoelectric transducer J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33 1961 527 536
10. R. Krimholtz, D.A. Leedom, and G.L. Matthaei New equivalent circuits for elementary piezoelectric transducers Electron. Lett. 6 1970 398 399
11. D.A. Leedom, R. Krimholtz, and G.L. Matthaei Equivalent circuits for transducers having arbitrary even- or odd-symmetry piezoelectric excitation IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason. SU18 3 1971 128 141
12. G. Hayward, C.J. MacLeod, and T.S. Durrani Systems model of the thickness mode piezoelectric transducer J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76 2 1984 369 381
13. C. Koch, and W. Molkenstruck Primary calibration of hydrophones with extended frequency range 1 to 70 MHz using optical interferometry IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Contr. 46 5 1999 1303 1313
14. J.-L. Dion, E. Cornieles, F. Galindo, and K. Agbossou Exact one-dimensional computation of ultrasonic transducers with several piezoelectric elements and passive layers using the transmission line analogy IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Contr. 44 5 1997 1120 1131
15. B. Rashidian, and M. Rahnavard A translational matrix formulation for an arbitrarily interconnected stack of piezoelectric transducers IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Contr. 47 3 2000 756 758
16. B. Fay, P.A. Lewin, G. Ludwig, G.M. Sessler, and G. Young The influence of special polarization distribution on spot poled PVDF membrane hydrophone performance Ultrason. Med. Biol. 18 1992 625 635
17. K. Simonyi Foundations of Electrical Engineering 1963 Pergamon Press London, UK pp. 522-533
18. M.C. Ziskin, and P.A. Lewin Ultrasonic Exposimetry 1993 CRC Press Inc. Florida, USA p. 223
19. P.N. Gélat, R.C. Preston, A. Hurrel, Development, validation and publication of a complete model for hydrophone/amplifier transfer characteristics, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK, NPL Report CMAM 61, 2001
20. G.W.C. Kaye, and T.H. Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants 16th ed. 1995 Longman Essex, UK p. 99
21. G.W.C. Kaye, and T.H. Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants 16th ed. 1995 Longman Essex, UK p. 101
22. G.W.C. Kaye, and T.H. Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants 16th ed. 1995 Longman Essex, UK p. 102
23. G.W.C. Kaye, and T.H. Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants 16th ed. 1995 Longman Essex, UK p. 41
24. G.W.C. Kaye, and T.H. Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants 16th ed. 1995 Longman Essex, UK p. 213
25. H. Ohigashi Electromechanical properties of polarized polyvinylidene fluoride films as studied by the piezoelectric resonance method J. Appl. Phys. 47 1976 949 955
26. 2) ultrasonic transducers J. Appl. Phys. 50 12 1979 803 8033
27. R.C. Preston, S.P. Robinson, B. Zeqiri, T.J. Esward, P.N. Gélat, and N.D. Lee Primary calibration of membranes hydrophones in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 60 MHz Metrologia 36 1999 331 343
28. D.R. Bacon Primary calibration of ultrasonic hydrophones using optical interferometry IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Contr. 35 1988 152 161
29. R.C. Preston Output Measurements for Medical Ultrasound 1991 Springer-Verlag London, UK 92 93