-
2
-
-
13844258395
-
-
Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 New York: United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis
-
United Nations, Population and Development, Programme of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (New York: United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis: 1994); R.J. Cook, B.M. Dickens and M.F. Fathalla, Reproductive Health and Human Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003): at 4, 11-12.
-
(1994)
Population and Development, Programme of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development
-
-
-
3
-
-
0141686869
-
-
Oxford: Clarendon Press
-
United Nations, Population and Development, Programme of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (New York: United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis: 1994); R.J. Cook, B.M. Dickens and M.F. Fathalla, Reproductive Health and Human Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003): at 4, 11-12.
-
(2003)
Reproductive Health and Human Rights
, pp. 4
-
-
Cook, R.J.1
Dickens, B.M.2
Fathalla, M.F.3
-
5
-
-
13844279063
-
-
Cairo Conference, supra note 2, at paragraph 7.3
-
Cairo Conference, supra note 2, at paragraph 7.3.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
13844295220
-
-
Beijing Conference, supra note 3, at paragraph 96; Cook et al, supra note 2, at 12
-
Beijing Conference, supra note 3, at paragraph 96; Cook et al, supra note 2, at 12.
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
13844279062
-
-
Id. at 1
-
Id. at 1.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
13844260191
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
13844304526
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
13844277189
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
13844304525
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
13844277190
-
-
Geneva: World Health Organization
-
According to the World Health Organization, unsafe abortion is defined as a procedure for terminating unwanted pregnancy either by persons lacking the necessary skills or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards or both: World Health Organization, The Prevention of Unsafe Abortion (Geneva: World Health Organization 1992).
-
(1992)
The Prevention of Unsafe Abortion
-
-
-
18
-
-
13844277191
-
-
World Health Organization, supra note 15
-
World Health Organization, supra note 15.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
13844302678
-
-
World Health Organization, supra note 15
-
World Health Organization, supra note 15.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
13844279065
-
-
note
-
Region by region, the estimates for unsafe abortions in Africa are as follows: 1,900,000 for East Africa; 600,000 for Middle Africa; 600,000 for North Africa; 1,600,000 for West Africa; and 200,000 for Southern Africa: World Health Organization, supra note 15.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
13844295221
-
Communiqué from the "Action to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Africa" Regional Consultation on Unsafe Abortion
-
March 5-7, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
-
Communiqué from the "Action to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Africa" Regional Consultation on Unsafe Abortion. March 5-7, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Reproduced in African Journal of Reproductive Health 8 (2004): 99-101.
-
(2004)
African Journal of Reproductive Health
, vol.8
, pp. 99-101
-
-
-
22
-
-
13844302679
-
-
U.N. Doc A/6316 (entered into force 3 January 1976)
-
Adopted 16 December 1966, G.A. Res. 2200 (XXI), U.N GAOR 21st Sess., Supp No. 16 at 49, U.N. Doc A/6316 (1966) (entered into force 3 January 1976).
-
(1966)
U.N GAOR 21st Sess.
, Issue.16 SUPPL.
, pp. 49
-
-
-
23
-
-
13844260192
-
-
U.N. Doc A/34/36 (entered into force 3 September 1981)
-
Adopted 18 December 1979, G.A. Res. 34/180, U.N. GAOR 34th Sess., Supp. No 44 at 193, U.N. Doc A/34/36 (1980) (entered into force 3 September 1981).
-
(1980)
U.N. GAOR 34th Sess.
, Issue.44 SUPPL.
, pp. 193
-
-
-
24
-
-
0037304942
-
Human Rights Dynamic of Abortion Law Reform
-
Cook et al, supra note 2, at 148-215
-
R.J. Cook and B.M. Dickens, "Human Rights Dynamic of Abortion Law Reform," Human Rights Quarterly 25 (2003): 1-59; Cook et al, supra note 2, at 148-215.
-
(2003)
Human Rights Quarterly
, vol.25
, pp. 1-59
-
-
Cook, R.J.1
Dickens, B.M.2
-
25
-
-
13844295222
-
-
Beijing Conference, supra note 3 at para 106(i)
-
Beijing Conference, supra note 3 at para 106(i).
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
13844290073
-
-
Beijing Conference, supra note 3 at para 106(k)
-
Beijing Conference, supra note 3 at para 106(k).
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
13844279064
-
The Southern African Development in Legal Historical Perspective
-
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: P. Osode, "The Southern African Development in Legal Historical Perspective," Journal for Juridical Science 28, No 3 (2003): 1-9, at 3.
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Journal for Juridical Science
, vol.28
, Issue.3
-
-
Osode, P.1
-
28
-
-
13844286867
-
-
Id. at 2-4
-
Id. at 2-4.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
13844304527
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
0033499553
-
Sexual Rights in Southern Africa: A Beijing Discourse or a Strategic Necessity
-
Id.
-
Id.; B. Klugman, "Sexual Rights in Southern Africa: A Beijing Discourse or a Strategic Necessity," Health and Human Rights 4, no. 3 (2000): 145-173 at 154.
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Health and Human Rights
, vol.4
, Issue.3
, pp. 145-173
-
-
Klugman, B.1
-
32
-
-
13844279061
-
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at A i
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at A i.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
13844290062
-
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at C i, ii
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at C i, ii.
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
13844295209
-
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at H iv
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at H iv.
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
13844260183
-
-
Declaration, supra at H vi
-
Declaration, supra at H vi.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
13844295208
-
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at H viii
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at H viii.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
13844260189
-
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at E
-
Declaration, supra note 29 at E.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
13844279050
-
-
Klugman, supra note 30 at 155
-
Klugman, supra note 30 at 155.
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
0004040714
-
-
Oxford: Oxford University Press
-
H. Ashton, The Basuto (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967): at 28.
-
(1967)
The Basuto
, pp. 28
-
-
Ashton, H.1
-
40
-
-
13844277181
-
International Commitments and Guidance on Unsafe Abortion
-
F. Sai, "International Commitments and Guidance on Unsafe Abortion," African Journal of Reproductive Health 8, no. 1 (2004): 15-28 at 21.
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(2004)
African Journal of Reproductive Health
, vol.8
, Issue.1
, pp. 15-28
-
-
Sai, F.1
-
42
-
-
0004608458
-
-
Roma, Lesotho: Law and Population Project, Faculty of Law, National University of Lesotho
-
S. Poulter, W. McClain, J.B.K Kaburise, J. Mugambwa and D. Milazi, Law and Population Growth in Lesotho (Roma, Lesotho: Law and Population Project, Faculty of Law, National University of Lesotho): 45-61.
-
Law and Population Growth in Lesotho
, pp. 45-61
-
-
Poulter, S.1
McClain, W.2
Kaburise, J.B.K.3
Mugambwa, J.4
Milazi, D.5
-
43
-
-
13844300891
-
-
Id. at 45
-
Id. at 45.
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
13844290060
-
-
Id. at 45
-
Id. at 45
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
0038047666
-
The Injustice of Unsafe Motherhood
-
R.J Cook and B.M. Dickens, "The Injustice of Unsafe Motherhood," Developing World Bioethics 2, no. 1 (2002): 54-81 at 73.
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(2002)
Developing World Bioethics
, vol.2
, Issue.1
, pp. 54-81
-
-
Cook, R.J.1
Dickens, B.M.2
-
46
-
-
13844260179
-
-
Id. at 73
-
Id. at 73.
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
85040093323
-
-
Geneva: World Health Organization
-
R.J. Cook and B.M. Dickens, Abortion Laws of Commonwealth Countries (Geneva: World Health Organization 1979); R.J. Cook and B.M. Dickens, "Abortion Laws in African Commonwealth Countries," Journal of African Law 25, no. 2: 60-79.
-
(1979)
Abortion Laws of Commonwealth Countries
-
-
Cook, R.J.1
Dickens, B.M.2
-
48
-
-
0019620918
-
Abortion Laws in African Commonwealth Countries
-
R.J. Cook and B.M. Dickens, Abortion Laws of Commonwealth Countries (Geneva: World Health Organization 1979); R.J. Cook and B.M. Dickens, "Abortion Laws in African Commonwealth Countries," Journal of African Law 25, no. 2: 60-79.
-
Journal of African Law
, vol.25
, Issue.2
, pp. 60-79
-
-
Cook, R.J.1
Dickens, B.M.2
-
49
-
-
13844304511
-
-
Cook and Dickens (1979) supra note 46, at 12; Cook and Dickens (1981), supra note 46, at 61
-
Cook and Dickens (1979) supra note 46, at 12; Cook and Dickens (1981), supra note 46, at 61.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
13844286853
-
-
R. v Bourne 1 King's Bench 687 (Central Criminal Court, London, 1938); Cook and Dickens (1979), supra note 46: at 8-9; Cook and Dickens (1981), supra note 46 at 61
-
R. v Bourne 1 King's Bench 687 (Central Criminal Court, London, 1938); Cook and Dickens (1979), supra note 46: at 8-9; Cook and Dickens (1981), supra note 46 at 61.
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
0003806252
-
-
Cook and Dickens (1981) supra note 46 at 61-62; Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik
-
Cook and Dickens (1981) supra note 46 at 61-62; S.A Strauss, Doctor, Patient and the Law (Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik 1984): 217-219, 219-224; C. Ngwena, "The History and Transformation of Abortion Law in South Africa," Acta Academica 30, no. 3: 32-68 at 5.
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(1984)
Doctor, Patient and the Law
, pp. 217-219
-
-
Strauss, S.A.1
-
52
-
-
0012846376
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The History and Transformation of Abortion Law in South Africa
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Cook and Dickens (1981) supra note 46 at 61-62; S.A Strauss, Doctor, Patient and the Law (Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik 1984): 217-219, 219-224; C. Ngwena, "The History and Transformation of Abortion Law in South Africa," Acta Academica 30, no. 3: 32-68 at 5.
-
Acta Academica
, vol.30
, Issue.3
, pp. 32-68
-
-
Ngwena, C.1
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53
-
-
13844258376
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Ensuring Reproductive Choice, Saving Women's Lives
-
Cook and Dickens (1981) supra note 46 at 5; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 5-7
-
Cook and Dickens (1981) supra note 46 at 5; T. Braam and L. Hessini, "Ensuring Reproductive Choice, Saving Women's Lives." Unpublished paper presented at A Regional Consultation on Unsafe Abortion: Action to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Africa (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 5-7, 2003).
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A Regional Consultation on Unsafe Abortion: Action to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Africa
-
-
Braam, T.1
Hessini, L.2
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54
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0025487023
-
Abortion law in Francophone Countries
-
B.M. Knoppers, I. Brault and E. Sloss, "Abortion law in Francophone Countries," The American Journal of Comparative Law 38, no. 4 (1990): 889-922, at 893-894.
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(1990)
The American Journal of Comparative Law
, vol.38
, Issue.4
, pp. 889-922
-
-
Knoppers, B.M.1
Brault, I.2
Sloss, E.3
-
55
-
-
13844286852
-
-
Id. at 894
-
Id. at 894.
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
13844300890
-
-
Braam and Hessini, supra at 50
-
Braam and Hessini, supra at 50.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
13844277178
-
-
Cook and Dickens, supra note 44, at 73
-
Cook and Dickens, supra note 44, at 73.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
13844285015
-
-
Id. at 73-74
-
Id. at 73-74.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
84860083600
-
-
The Population Policy Data Bank maintained by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Angola Policy, at 〈www.un.org/esa/ population/publications/abortion/doc/ angol1.doc〉(Last visited Sept. 21, 2004).
-
Angola Policy
-
-
-
61
-
-
13844277179
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
13844285017
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
0036069150
-
Reducing Unplanned Pregnancy and Abortion in Zimbabwe though Postabortion Contraception
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B.R Johnson, S. Ndlovu, S.L. Farr and T. Chipato, "Reducing Unplanned Pregnancy and Abortion in Zimbabwe Though Postabortion Contraception," Studies in Family Planning 33, no, 2 (2002): 195-202 at 195.
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Studies in Family Planning
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, Issue.2
, pp. 195-202
-
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Johnson, B.R.1
Ndlovu, S.2
Farr, S.L.3
Chipato, T.4
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64
-
-
13844285016
-
-
Harare, Zimbabwe: ZMOH
-
Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (ZMOH), Health Statistics Annual Reports (Harare, Zimbabwe: ZMOH 1994).
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(1994)
Health Statistics Annual Reports
-
-
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65
-
-
13844279048
-
-
New York: The Center for Reproductive Health Law and Policy
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The Center for Reproductive Health Law and Policy, Women in the World: Laws and Policies Affecting their Reproductive Lives (New York: The Center for Reproductive Health Law and Policy 2001): at 137.
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Women in the World: Laws and Policies Affecting Their Reproductive Lives
, pp. 137
-
-
-
66
-
-
13844260182
-
-
Id.
-
Ibid. Id
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
13844285019
-
-
Johnson et al, supra note 60
-
Johnson et al, supra note 60.
-
-
-
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68
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-
0005709776
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Choice and Informed Request: The Answer to Abortion
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J. Sarkin-Hughes and N. Sarkin-Hughes, "Choice and Informed Request: the Answer to Abortion," Stellenbosch Law Review 1, no 3 (1990): 372-387, at 372; D. Hansson and D.E.H. Russell, "Made to Fail: the Mythical Option of Abortion for Survivors of Rape and Incest," South African Journal on Human Rights 9, no. 4 (1993): 500-524.
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Stellenbosch Law Review
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, pp. 372-387
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Sarkin-Hughes, J.1
Sarkin-Hughes, N.2
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69
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0027901993
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Made to Fail: The Mythical Option of Abortion for Survivors of Rape and Incest
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J. Sarkin-Hughes and N. Sarkin-Hughes, "Choice and Informed Request: the Answer to Abortion," Stellenbosch Law Review 1, no 3 (1990): 372-387, at 372; D. Hansson and D.E.H. Russell, "Made to Fail: the Mythical Option of Abortion for Survivors of Rape and Incest," South African Journal on Human Rights 9, no. 4 (1993): 500-524.
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South African Journal on Human Rights
, vol.9
, Issue.4
, pp. 500-524
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Hansson, D.1
Russell, D.E.H.2
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70
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13844300892
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Ngwena, supra note 49
-
Ngwena, supra note 49.
-
-
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71
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0009399225
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South Africa's 1996 Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act: Expanding Choice and International Human Rights to Black South African Women
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A.E. Haroz, "South Africa's 1996 Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act: Expanding Choice and International Human Rights to Black South African Women," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 30 (1997): 863-903.
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Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
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, pp. 863-903
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Haroz, A.E.1
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72
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13844283159
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Braam and Hessini, supra note 50
-
Braam and Hessini, supra note 50.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
13844286856
-
-
Cook and Dickens (1981), supra note 46, at 73
-
Cook and Dickens (1981), supra note 46, at 73.
-
-
-
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74
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84860082325
-
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The Population Policy Data Bank maintained by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Abortion Policy, at 〈www.un.org/esa/ population/publications/abortion/doc/ zambia.doc〉 (Last visited Sept. 21, 2004).
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Abortion Policy
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-
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75
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84860082325
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The Population Policy Data Bank maintained by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Abortion Policy at 〈www.un.org/ esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/ botswa1.doc〉 (Last visited Sept. 21, 2004)
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Abortion Policy
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76
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13844258380
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Braam and Hessini, supra note 50
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Braam and Hessini, supra note 50.
-
-
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-
77
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-
13844258377
-
-
Ngwena, supra note 49
-
Ngwena, supra note 49.
-
-
-
-
78
-
-
13844302663
-
Unofficial estimates put the number of illegal abortions much higher at 120,000 per year: South African Institute of Race Relations
-
Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations
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Unofficial estimates put the number of illegal abortions much higher at 120,000 per year: South African Institute of Race Relations, South Africa Survey 1996/97 (Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations 1997): at 492.
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(1997)
South Africa Survey 1996/97
, pp. 492
-
-
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79
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-
13844304513
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National Statistics
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Reproductive Rights Alliance, "National Statistics," Barometer 1, no.1 (1997): at 4.
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(1997)
Barometer
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, Issue.1
, pp. 4
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80
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0034211345
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The operation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act: Some Empirical Findings
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M.C. Engelbrecht, A.J. Pelser, C. Ngwena and H.C.J. Van Rensburg, "The operation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act: Some Empirical Findings," Curationis 23, no. 2 (2000): 4-14; C. Ngwena, "Accessing Abortion under the Choice and Termination of Pregnancy Act: Realising Substantive Equality," Journal for Juridical Science 23, no. 3: 19-44.
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Curationis
, vol.23
, Issue.2
, pp. 4-14
-
-
Engelbrecht, M.C.1
Pelser, A.J.2
Ngwena, C.3
Van Rensburg, H.C.J.4
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81
-
-
0034211345
-
Accessing Abortion under the Choice and Termination of Pregnancy Act: Realising Substantive Equality
-
M.C. Engelbrecht, A.J. Pelser, C. Ngwena and H.C.J. Van Rensburg, "The operation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act: Some Empirical Findings," Curationis 23, no. 2 (2000): 4-14; C. Ngwena, "Accessing Abortion under the Choice and Termination of Pregnancy Act: Realising Substantive Equality," Journal for Juridical Science 23, no. 3: 19-44.
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Journal for Juridical Science
, vol.23
, Issue.3
, pp. 19-44
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-
Ngwena, C.1
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82
-
-
13844286858
-
-
Section 12(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No 109 of 1996 (the Constitution)
-
Section 12(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No 109 of 1996 (the Constitution).
-
-
-
-
83
-
-
13844258381
-
-
1998 (4) SA 1113 (T)
-
1998 (4) SA 1113 (T).
-
-
-
-
84
-
-
4644347107
-
Access to Health Care as a Fundamental Right: The Scope and Limits of Section 27 of the Constitution
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C. Ngwena, "Access to Health Care as a Fundamental Right: The Scope and Limits of Section 27 of the Constitution," Journal for Juridical Science 25, no. 1 (2000): 1-32.
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Journal for Juridical Science
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, Issue.1
, pp. 1-32
-
-
Ngwena, C.1
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85
-
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13844258379
-
-
note
-
The African Charter was adopted by the 18th Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (now African Union) on 17 June 1981. It came into force on 21 October 1986.
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
13844304514
-
-
CESCR, General Comment 14, UN ESCOR, 2000, Doc. No. E/C. 12/2000/4
-
CESCR, General Comment 14, UN ESCOR, 2000, Doc. No. E/C. 12/2000/4.
-
-
-
-
87
-
-
13844302665
-
-
Cook et al, supra note 2 at 11-33
-
Cook et al, supra note 2 at 11-33.
-
-
-
-
88
-
-
13844285020
-
-
Cook et al, supra note 2 at 26-28
-
Cook et al, supra note 2 at 26-28.
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
13844283158
-
-
World Health Organization, supra note 15
-
World Health Organization, supra note 15.
-
-
-
|