The Upemba lechwe, Kobus anselli: An antelope new to science emphasizes the conservation importance of Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 265, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 113-132

  Cotterill, F P D ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Africa; Drainage evolution; Endemics; Kobus anselli; Taxonomy; Trans frontier conservation areas; Wetland

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; MORPHOLOGY; NEW SPECIES; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY; UNGULATE;

AFRICA; ANGOLA; CENTRAL AFRICA; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONGO; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; KATANGA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WORLD; ZAMBIA;

ANTELOPE; KOBUS; KOBUS LECHE; MAMMALIA;

EID: 13744251276     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0952836904006193     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Adams, B. J. (1998). Species concepts and the evolutionary paradigm in modern nematology. J. Nematol. 30: 1-21.
2. Alexandre, J. & Alexandre-Pyre, S. (1987). Le reconstitution a l'aide des cuirasses lateriques de l'histoire geomorphologique du Haut-Shaba. Z. Geomorph. NF Suppl. 64: 119-131.
3. Ansell, W. F. H. (1958). On the study of African Mammalia. J. Mammal. 39: 577-581.
4. Ansell, W. F. H. (1964). The Kafue flats lechwe. Puku 2: 10-13.
5. Ansell, W. F. H. (1968). The black lechwe antelope. Black Lechwe 7(1): 13-15.
6. Ansell, W. F. H. (1974). Some mammals from Zambia and adjacent countries. Puku (Suppl.) 1: 1-49.
7. Ansell, W. F. H. (1978). The Mammals of Zambia. Chilanga, Zambia: National Parks and Wildlife Service.
8. Ansell, W. F. H. & Banfield, C. F. (1979). The subspecies of Kobus leche Gray, 1850 (Bovidae). Saeugertierkd. Mitt. 40: 168-176.
9. Bailey, R. G. (1986). The Zaire River system. In Ecology of river systems: 201-214. Davies, B. R. & Walker, K. F. (Eds). Dordrecht: Dr W. Junk.
10. Banister, K. E. (1986). Fish of the Zaire system. In Ecology of river systems: 215-224. Davies, B. R. & Walker, K. F. (Eds). Dordrecht: Dr W. Junk.
11. Birungi, J. & Arctander, P. (2001). Molecular systematics and phylogeny of the Reduncini (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) inferred from the analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences. J. Mammal. Evol. 8: 125-147.
12. Broadley, D. G. & Cotterill, F. P. D. (2004). The reptiles of south-east Katanga, an overlooked 'hot spot'. Afr. J. Herpetol. 53: 35-61.
13. Bronner, G. N., Hoffmann, M., Taylor, P. J., Chimimba, C. T., Best, P. B., Matthee, C. A. & Robinson, T. J. (2003). A revised systematic checklist of the extant mammals of the southern African subregion. Durban Mus. Novit. 28: 56-106.
14. Brooks, D. R. & McLennan, D. A. (1999). Species: turning a conundrum into a research program. J. Nematol. 31: 117-133.
15. Brooks, T., Balmford, A., Burgess, N., Fjeldsa, J., Hansen, L. A. Moore, J., Rahbek, C. & Williams, P. (2001). Toward a blueprint for conservation in Africa. Bioscience 51: 613-624.
16. Brower, L. P. & Malcolm, S. B. (1991). Animal migration: endangered phenomena. Am. Zool. 31: 265-276.
17. Burgess, N., Per, W. K., Mutke, J., Brown, J., Westaway, S., Turpie, S., Meshack, C., Taplin, J. & McClean, C. (2004). Major gaps in the distribution of protected areas for threatened and narrow range Afrotropical plants. Biodivers. Conserv. In press.
18. Chapin, J. P. (1927). Notebook IX. Unpublished Field Diary of the Ruwenzori-Kivu Expedition 1926-1927. New York: Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History.
19. Colyn, M. (1991). L'importance zoogeographique du basin du fleuve Zaire pour la speciation: le cas des primates simiens. Ann. K. Mus. Midd. Afrik. 264: 1-250.
20. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2000). Reduncine antelope of the Zambezi basin. In Biodiversity of the Zambezi Basin wetlands: 145-199. Timberlake J. R. (Ed.). Bulawayo: Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, and Harare: Zambezi Society.
21. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2001a). New records for two species of fruit bats (Megachiroptera: Mammalia) in south-east Africa, with taxonomic comments. Durban Mus. Novit. 26: 53-56.
22. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2001b). The first specimen of Thomas's flat-headed bat, Mimetillus moloneyi thomasi (Microchiroptera: Mammalia) in southern Africa from Mozambique. Arnoldia Zimb. 10(19): 211-218.
23. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2002a). A new species of horseshoe bat (Microchiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from south-central Africa: with comments on its affinities and evolution, and the characterization of rhinolophid species. J. Zool. (Lond.) 256: 156-179.
24. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2002b) Notes on a mammal collection and biodiversity conservation in the Ikelenge Pedicle, Mwinilunga District, northwest Zambia. Occas. Publ. Biodivers. BFA No. 10: 1-18. Bulawayo: Biodiversity Foundation for Africa.
25. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2003a). Insights into the taxonomy of tsessebe antelopes, Damaliscus lunatus (Bovidae: Alcelaphini) in south-central Africa: with the description of a new evolutionary species. Durban Mus. Novit. 28: 11-30.
26. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2003b). Species concepts and the real diversity of antelopes. In Proceedings of the ecology and conservation of mini-antelope: an international symposium on duiker and dwarf antelope in Africa: 59-118. Plowman, A. B. (Ed.). Füürth: Filander Verlag.
27. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2003c). Geomorphological influences on vicariant evolution of some African mammals in the Zambezi Basin: some lessons for conservation. In Proceedings of the ecology and conservation of mini-antelope: an international symposium on duiker and dwarf antelope in Africa: 11-58. Plowman, A. B. (Ed.). Füürth: Filander Verlag.
28. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2004). Drainage evolution in south-central Africa and vicariant speciation in swamp-dwelling weaver birds and swamp flycatchers. Honeyguide 25: 7-25.
29. Cotterill, F. P. D. (2005). Taxonomic status and conservation importance of the avifauna of Katanga (south-east Congo basin) and its environs. Ostrich. In press.
30. Cowling, R. M., Pressey, R. L., Lombard, A. T., Demet, P. G. & Ellis, A. G. (1999). From representation to persistence: requirements for a sustainable system of conservation areas in the species-rich Mediterranean-climate desert of southern Africa. Divers. Distrib. 5: 51-71.
31. Cracraft, J. (1984). The terminology of allopatric speciation. Syst. Zool. 33: 115-116.
32. Crawford-Cabral, J. (1967). Mamiferos da Reserva do Luando. Bol. Inst. Invest. cient. Ang. Luanda 4: 33-44.
33. De Dapper, M. (1988). Geomorphology of the sand-covered plateaux in southern Shaba, Zaire. In Geomorphological studies in southern Africa: 115-135. Dardis, G. F. & Moon, B. P. (Eds). Rotterdam: Balkema.
34. De Klerk, H. M., Crowe, T. M., Fjeldsa, J. & Burgess, N. D. (2004). Patterns of species richness and narrow endemism of terrestrial bird species in the Afrotropical region. J. Zool. (Lond.) 256: 327-342.
35. De Meneghi, D., Apollonio, M. & Hartl, G. B. (1995). Biochemical-genetic approach towards the systematics of lechwe Kobus leche. Acta Theriol. 40: 303-308.
36. De Witte, G. F. (1966). Introduction. In Exploration du Pare National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. De Witte 1946-1949 1: 1-122. Bruxelles: Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo.
37. Demey, R. & Louette, M. (2001). Democratic Republic of Congo. In Important bird areas in Africa and its islands: priority sites for conservation: 199-218. Fishpool, L. D. C. & Evans, M. I. (Eds). Cambridge: Birdlife International.
38. Dessein, S., Ntore, S., Robbrecht, E. & Smets, E. (2003). Pollen and seeds reveal that Spermacoce thymoidea (African Rubiaceae, Spermacoceae) represents three endemic or disjunct species from the Zambezian high plateaus. Syst. Bot. 28: 130-144.
39. Douthwaite, R. J. (1977). Filter-feeding ducks of the Kafue Flats, Zambia 1971-1973. Ibis 119: 44-66.
40. Douthwaite, R. J. (1978). Geese and red-knobbed coot on the Kafue Flats, Zambia 1970-1974. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 16 29-47.
41. Dowsett, R. J. (1997). Obituary: W. F. H. Ansell (1923-1996). Mammalia 61: 635-637.
42. East, R. (Ed.). (1989). Antelopes: global survey and regional action plans. Part 2. Southern and south-central Africa. Gland: IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group.
43. East, R. (Ed.). (1999). African antelope database 1998. Gland: IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group.
44. Ellenbroek, G. A. (1987). Ecology and productivity of an African wetland system: the Kafue Fiats, Zambia. Dortrecht: Dr W. H. Junk.
45. Ellerman, J. R., Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. & Hayman, R. W. (1953). Southern African mammals 1758 to 1946: a reclassification. London: British Museum (Natural History).
46. Erwin, T. L. (1991). An evolutionary basis for conservation strategies. Science 253: 750-752.
47. Fjeldsa, J. (2003). Patterns of endemism in African birds: how much does taxonomy matter? Ostrich 74: 30-38.
48. Fjeldsa, J., Burgess, N. D., Blyth, S. & de Klerk, H. M. (2004). Where are the major gaps in the reserve network for Africa's mammals? Oryx 38: 17-25.
49. Frechkop, S. (1954). Mammifères. In Exploration du Parc National de I'Upemba, Mission G. F. De Witte 1946-1949 14: 1-84. Bruxelles: Institut Parcs Nationelle Congo Belge.
50. Frost, P. G. H., Timberlake, J. R. & Chidumayo, E. (2002). Miombomopane woodlands and grasslands. In Wilderness: Earth's last wild places: 182-204. Robles Gil, P. (Ed.). Washington, DC: Cemex Conservation International.
51. Goudie, M. A. (1999). The geomorphology of the seasonal tropics. In The physical geography of Africa: 148-160. Adams, W. S., Goudie, A. S. & Orme A. R. (Eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52. Grimsdell, J. J. R. & Bell, R. H. V. (1975). Ecology of the black lechwe in the Bangweulu Basin of Zambia. Black Lechwe Research Project: final report. Animal Productivity Research Report, ARI. No. NCSR/TR 31. Lusaka: National Council for Scientific Research.
53. Hanks, J. (1969). Recent lechwe counts in Zambia. Puku 5: 231-235.
54. Hanks, J. (2001). Conservation strategies for Africa's large mammals. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 13: 459-468.
55. Hasson, M. & Wolanski, E. (1999). Upemba National Park shall not die! Swara East African Wildl. Soc. 22(2-3): 48-49.
56. Hughes, J. E. (1933). Eighteen years on Lake Bangweulu. London: The Field.
57. Hutterer, R. (1993). Order Insectivora. In Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographical reference: 69-130. Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D-E. (Eds). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
58. Kornas, J., Medwecka-Kornas, A., Malaisse, F. & Matyjaszkiewicz, M. (2000). Pteridophytes of upper Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). Pr. Bot. Inst. Bot. Uniw. Jagiell. 35: 7-181.
59. Linder, H. P. (2001). Plant diversity and endemism in sub-Saharan tropical Africa. J. Biogeogr. 28: 169-182.
60. Lubini, C. A. (1994a). Kundelungu. Zaire. In Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation 1: 188-189. WWF & IUCN (Eds). Cambridge: IUCN Publications Unit.
61. Lubini, C. A. (1994b). Upemba National Park. Zaire. In Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation 1: 190-191. WWF & IUCN (Eds). Cambridge: IUCN Publications Unit.
62. Malaisse, F. (1997). Se Nourrir en Forêt Claire Africaine: approache écologique et nutrionnelle. Gembloux: Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux.
63. Marcus, L. F. (1993). Some aspects of multivariate statistics for morphometrics. In Contributions to morphometrics: 99-130. Marcus, L. F., Bello, E. & García-Valdecasas, A. (Eds). Madrid: Monografias Musco Nacional de Ciencias Naturales.
64. Miller, W. (2001). The structure of species, outcomes of speciation and the 'species problem': ideas for paleobiology. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 176: 1-10.
65. Mitchell, B. L. & Uys, J. M. C. (1961). The problem of the lechwe (Kobus leche) on the Kafue Flats. Oryx 6: 171-183.
66. Mittermeier, R. A., Patricio Robles Gil, P., Mittermeier, C. G., Brooks, T., Hoffmann, M., Konstant, W. R., da Fonseca, G. A. B. & Mast, R. B. (2004). Wildlife spectacles. Washington, DC: Cemex Conservation International.
67. Mondeguer, A., Ravenne, C., Masse, P. & Tiercelin, J.-J. (1989). Sedimentary basins in an extension and strike-slip background: the 'South Tanganyika troughs complex', East African Rift. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. (8) 5: 501-522.
68. Mutke, J., Kier, G., Braun, G., Schultz, C. & Barthlott, W. (2000). Patterns of African vascular plant diversity - a GIS based approach. Syst. Geogr. Plants 71: 1125-1136.
69. Nefdt, R. J. C. (1996). Reproductive seasonally in Kafue lechwe antelope. J. Zool. (Lond.) 239: 155-166.
70. Newlands, G. (1978). Arachnida (except Acari). In Biogeography and ecology of Southern Africa: 687-702. Werger, M. J. A. (Ed.). The Hague: Dr W. H. Junk.
71. Osgood, W. H. (1936). New and imperfectly known small mammals from Africa. Field Mus. nat. Hist. Pub. Zool. Ser. 20(21): 217-256.
72. Porada, H. & Berhorst, V. (2000). Towards a new understanding of the Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic Lufilian and northern Zambezi Belts in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 30: 727-771.
73. Schminke, H. K. (1987). The genus Thermobathynella Capart 1951 Bathynellacea malacostraca and its phylogenetic relationships. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 20: 107-112.
74. Schouteden, H. (1947). De zoogdieren van Belgisch Congo en van Rwanda-Urundi. Ann. Mus. Belg. Congo Ser. 2(3): 333-576.
75. Sebagenzi, M. N. & Kaputo, K. (2002). Geophysical evidence of continental breakup in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia (Central Africa). EGU Stephan Mueller Spec. Publ. Ser. 2: 193-206.
76. Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. New York: Wiley.
77. Sharp, R. R. (1956). Early days in Katanga. Hillside, Bulawayo: Privately printed memoir.
78. Singleton, M. (2002). Patterns of cranial shape variation in the Papionini (Primates: Cercopithecinae). J. Hum. Evol. 42: 547-578.
79. Smith, S. J. (1990). Rowland Ward's sportsman's handbook to collecting and preserving specimens and containing methods of measurement and other valuable information pertaining to trophy hunting and Rowland Ward's 'records of big game'. San Antonio, CA: Rowland Ward Publications.
80. Smithers, R. H. N. (1971). The mammals of Botswana. Mus. mem. natl Mus. Monum. Rhod. 1: 1-340.
81. Stiassny, M. L. J. (2002). Conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity: the knowledge impediment. Verh. Ges. Ichthyol. 3: 71-81.
82. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1995). Biometry. 3rd edn. New York: W. H. Freeman.
83. Symoens, J.-J. (1963). Le Pare National de L'Upemba. Son histoires on intérêt. In Colloque sur les problèmes biogé ographiques du Parc National de L'Upemba 6: 43-55. Elizabethville: Publications de l'Universite d'Elisabethville.
84. Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. 4th edn. London: Harper Collins.
85. Thieme, M. L., Abell, R. A., Stiassny, M. L. J., Skelton, P. H., Lehner, B., Teugels, G. G., Dinerstein, E., Kamdem-Toham, A., Burgess, N. & Olson, D. M. (2005). Freshwater ecoregions of Africa: a conservation assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press.
86. Thompson, K., Shewry, P. R. & Woolhouse, H. W. (1979). Papyrus swamp development in the Upemba Basin, Zaire: population structure in Cyperus papyrus stands. Bat. J. Linn. Soc. 78: 299-316.
87. Van Bruggin, A. C. & Van Goethem, J. L. (2001). Prolegomena for a checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of the Upemba National Park, Katanga, D. R. Congo. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. nat. Belge Biol. 71: 151-168.
88. Verheyen, R. (1951). Contribution à l'étude des mammifères du Parc National de l'Upemba. In Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. De Witte 1946-1949: Bruxelles: Institut Parcs Nationelle Congo Belge.
89. Verschuren, J. (1975). Wildlife in Zaire [Part II]. Oryx 13: 149-163.
90. Vesey-Fitzgerald, L. D. E. F. (1961). Wild life in Northern Rhodesia. N. Rhod. J. 4: 469-476.
91. Vesey-Fitzgerald, L. D. E. F. (1965). Lechwe pastures. Puku 3: 143-147.
92. White, F. (1976). The underground forests of Africa: a preliminary review. Sing. Garden. Bull. 24: 57-71.
93. White, F. (1983). The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa. Natural Resources Research No. 20. Paris: UNESCO.
94. Wiley, E. O. (2002). On species and speciation with reference to fishes. Fish Fish. Ser. 3: 161-170.
95. Wiley, E. O. & Mayden, R. L. (2000). The evolutionary species concept. In Species concepts and phylogenetic theory: a debate: 70-92. Wheeler, Q. D. & Meier, R. (Eds). New York: Columbia University Press.
96. Williams, P. H., Burgess, N. & Rahbek, C. (2000). Assessing large 'flagship species' for representing the diversity of sub-Saharan mammals. In Priorities for the conservation of mammalian diversity: has the panda had its Day?: 85-99. Entwistle, A. & Dunstone, N. (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
97. Wolanski, E. (1998). Upemba dying. Nat. Parks J. 42 (Oct.): 8.
98. Zink, R. M. (2004). The role of subspecies in obscuring avian biological diversity and misleading conservation policy. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 271: 561-564.