Towards a new understanding of the Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic Lufilian and northern Zambezi Belts in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 727-771

  Porada, Hubertus ^a   Berhorst, Volker ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY; PROTEROZOIC; STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONIC SETTING;

CONGO; ZAMBIA;

EID: 0034210342     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0899-5362(00)00049-X     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (124)

1. Annels, A.E., 1974. Some aspects of the stratiform ore deposits of the Zambian copper belt and their genetic significance. In: Bartholomé, P. (Ed.), Gisements Stratiformes et Provinces Cuprifères. Société Géologique Belgique, Liège, pp. 235-254.
2. Annels, A.E., 1984. The geotectonic environment of the Zambian coppercobalt mineralisation. Journal Geological Society, London 141, 279-289.
3. Appleton, J.D., 1978. The geology of the Kabompo Gorge area: Explanation of degree sheet 1225, NW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 40, 48p.
4. Arthurs, J.W., 1974. The geology of the Solwezi area. Explanation of degree sheets 1226, NW quarter and 1126, part of SW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 36, 48p.
5. Ayres, H.R., 1975. The geology of the Luswishi Dome area: Explanation of degree sheet 1227, SW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia (Unpubl.) 65, 47p.
6. Bancroft, J.A., Pelletier, R.A., 1929. Notes on the general geology of Northern Rhodesia. 15th International Geological Congress Guide Book (Excursion C22), Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 1-12.
7. Barr, M.W.C., Cahen, L., Ledent, D., 1977. Geochronology of syntectonic granites from central Zambia: Lusaka Granite and granite NE of Rufunsa. Annales Société Géologique Belgique 100, 47-54.
8. Bartholomé, P., Evrard, P., Katekesha, F., Lopez-Ruiz, J., Ngongo, M., 1972. Diagenetic ore forming processes at Kamoto, Katanga, Rep. of the Congo. In: Amstutz, G.C., Bernard, A.J. (Eds.), Ores in Sediments. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 22-41.
9. Barton, C.M., Carney, J.N., Crow, M.J., Dunkley, P.N., Simango, S., 1991. The geology of the country around Rushinga and Nyamapanda. Bulletin Geological Survey Zimbabwe 92, 220p.
10. Barton, C.M., Carney, J.N., Crow, M.J., Evans, J.A., Simango, S., 1993. Geology and structural framework of the Zambezi belt, northeastern Zimbabwe. In: Findlay, R.H., Unrug, R., Banks, M.R., Veevers, J.J. (Eds.), Gondwana Eight: Assembly, Evolution and Dispersal. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 55-68.
11. Becker, T., 1995. Die Geologie, Geochemie und Geochronologie des Weener Igneous Komplex und der Gaub Valley Formation in der the Südlichen Randzone des Damara Orogens, Namibia und Ihre Bedeutung Für Die Entwicklung der Frühprotero-zoischen Rehoboth Sequenz. Cuvillier, Göttingen, 250p.
12. Bellière, J., 1966. Les sédiments kundelungiens dans l'arc Mwashia-Bunkeya. Annales Société Géologique Belgique 89 (1965-1966), 357-373.
13. Berhorst, V., Porada, H., 1993. Field excursion to the Katembula Dome and Luswishi River Area. In: Kaunda, C. (Ed.), Field Excursion Guide, IGCP 302 Zambian Conference, 21-31 July 1993, Kalulushi, pp. 23-26.
14. Berhorst, V., Porada, H., 1994. Ueberschiebungstektonik im Vorland des Katanga Orogens/Sambia. Göttinger Abhandlungen Geologie Paläontologie Sb1, 239-241.
15. Binda, P.L., 1994. Stratigraphy of Zambian copperbelt orebodies. In: Kampunzu, A.B., Lubala, R.T. (Eds.), Neoproterozoic Belts of Zambia, Zaire and Namibia. Journal African Earth Sciences 19, pp. 251-264.
16. Binda, P.L., Mulgrew, J.R., 1974. Stratigraphy of copper occurrences in the Zambian Copperbelt. In: Bartholomé, P. (Ed.), Gisements Stratiformes et Provinces Cuprifères. Société Géologique Belgique, Liège, pp. 203-215.
17. Binda, P.L., Porada, H., 1995. Observations on the Katangan breccias of Zambia. In: Wendorff, M., Tack, L. (Eds.), Late Proterozoic Belts in Central and Southwestern Africa. Annales Société Geologique Belgique 101, pp. 49-62.
18. Brown, A., 1997. Global-scale Constraints on the formation of Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits. Proceedings International Cornet Symposium (Mons, 5-9. Sep. 1994), Royal Academy Oversea Science, pp. 93-102.
19. Brown, A.G., 1967. The geology of the Chikankata area. Explanation of degree sheet 1628, NW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 22, 42p.
20. Burke, K., 1977. Aulacogens and continental breakup. Annual Review Earth Planetary Science 5, 371-396.
21. Burnard, P., Sweeney, M.A., Vaughan, D.J., Spiro, B., Thirlwall, M.F., 1993. Sulfur and lead isotope constraints on the genesis of a Southern Zambian massive sulphide deposit. Economic Geology 88, 418-436.
22. Cahen, L., 1954. Géologie du Congo Belge. Vaillant-Carmanne, Liège, 577p.
23. Cahen, L., 1974. Geological background to the copper-bearing strata of Southern Shaba (Zaïre). In: Bartholomé, P. (Ed.), Gisements Stratiforme et Provinces Cuprifères. Société Géologique Belgique, Liège, pp. 57-77.
24. Cahen, L., Delhal, J., Ledent, D., 1970. On the age and petrogenesis of the microcline-bearing pegmatite veins at Roan Antelope and at Musoshi (Copperbelt of Zambia and S-E Katanga). Annales Société Géologique, Belgique 65, 43-68.
25. Cahen, L., Francois, A., Ledent, D., 1971. Sur l'âge des uraninites de Kambove-Ouest et de kamoto-principal et révision des connaissances relatives aux minéralisations uranifères du Katanga et du Copperbelt de Zambie. Annales Société Géologique, Belgique 94, 185-198.
26. Cahen, L., Ledent, D., Snelling, N.J., 1974. Données géochronologique dans le Katanguien inférieur du Kasai oriental et du Shaba nord-oriental (République du Zaïre). Annales Société Géologique, Belgique 51-70.
27. Cahen, L., Lepersonne, J., 1981. Upper Proterozoic diamictites of Shaba (formerly Katanga) and neighbouring regions of Zambia. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univerity Press, London, pp. 162-166.
28. Cahen, L., Snelling, N.J., Delhal, J., Vail, J.R., Bonhomme, M., Ledent, D., 1984. Geochronology and Evolution of Africa. Clarendon, Oxford, 512p.
29. Cailteux, J., 1994. Lithostratigraphy of the neoproterozoic Shaba-type (Zaire) Roan supergroup and metallogenesis of associated stratiform mineralization. In: Kampunzu, A.B., Lubala, R.T. (Eds.), Neoproterozoic Belts of Zambia, Zaire and Namibia. Journal African Earth Sciences 19, pp. 279-301.
30. Cailteux, J., 1997. Minéralisations à U-Pb-Se-Mo-Ni dans le gisement stratiforme cupro-cobaltifère de kambove-ouest (Shaba, Zaire). Proceedings International Cornet Symposium (Mons, 5-9. Sep. 1994), Royal Academy Oversea Science, pp. 245-268.
31. Cailteux, J., Binda, P.L., Katekesha, W.M., Kampunzu, A.B., Intiomale, M.M., Kapenda, D., Kaunda, C., Ngongo, K., Tshiauka, T., Wendorff, M., 1994. Lithostratigraphical correlation of the Neoproterozoic Roan Supergroup from Shaba (Zaire) and Zambia, in the central African copper-cobalt metallogenic province. In: Kampunzu, A.B., Lubala, R.T. (Eds.), Neoproterozoic Belts of Zambia, Zaire and Namibia. Journal African Earth Sciences 19, pp. 265-278.
32. Cairney, T., Kerr, C.D., in press. The geology of the Kabwe area: Explanation of degree sheet 1428, NW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 47.
33. Castro, A., Fernández, C., 1998. Granite intrusion by externally induced growth and deformation of the magma reservoir, the example of the Plasenzuela pluton, Spain. Journal Structural Geology 20, 1219-1228.
34. Cornet, J., 1897. Observations sur le terrains ancien du Katanga faites au cours de l'expedition Bia-Francqui (1891-1893). Annales Société Géologique Belgique, Mémoires 24 (1896-1897), 25-191.
35. Cosi, M., de Bonis, A., Gosso, G., Hunziker, J., Martinotti, G., Moratto, S., Robert, J.P., Ruhlman, F., 1992. Late proterozoic thrust tectonics, high pressure metamorphism and uranium mineralization in the Domes area, Lufilian Arc, northwestern Zambia. Precambrian Research 58, 215-240.
36. Coward, M., 1994. Continental collision. In: Hancock, P.L. (Ed.), Continental Deformation. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 264-288.
37. Coward, M.P., Daly, M.C., 1984. Crustal lineaments and shear zones in Africa- Their relationship to plate movements. Precambrian Research 24, 27-45.
38. Crossley, R., 1984. Controls on sedimentation in the Malawi Rift, central Africa. Sedimentary Geology 40, 73-88.
39. Dahlen, F.A., 1984. Noncohesive critical coulomb wedges: An exact solution. Journal Geophysical Research 89, 10,125-10,134.
40. Daly, M.C., 1986. Crustal shear zones and thrust belts: Their geometry and continuity on central Africa. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London A317, 111-128.
41. Daly, M.C., Chakraborty, S.K., Kasolo, P., Musiwa, M., Mumba, P., Naidu, B., Namateba, C., Ng'ambi, O., Coward, M.P., 1984. The lufilian arc and irumide belt of Zambia: Results of a traverse across their intersection. Journal African Earth Sciences 4, 311-318.
42. Davison, I., 1994. Linked fault systems; extensional, strike-slip and contractional. In: Hancock, P.L. (Ed.), Continental Deformation. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 121-142.
43. De Swardt, A.M.J., Drysdall, A.R., 1964. Precambrian geology and structure in Central Northern Rhodesia. Memoirs Geological Survey North Rhodesia 2, 82p.
44. De Swardt, A.M.J., Garrard, P., Simpson, J.G., 1965. Major zones of transcurrent dislocation and superposition of orogenic belts in part of central Africa. Geological Society America Bulletin 76, 89-102.
45. De Swardt, A.M.J., Simpson, J.G., 1972. A structural interpretation for part of Zambia. Records Geological Survey Zambia 12, 31-35.
46. Derriks, J.J., Vaes, J., 1956. Le gîte d'uranium de shinkolobwe; état actuel des connaissances au point de vue géologie et métallogénique. Proceedings 1st U.N. International Conference on Peaceful Uses Atomic Energy, Geneva, 6, pp. 108-144.
47. Drysdall, A.R., Garrard, P., 1964. Significance of the absolute ages of the Nchanga and Lusaka granites, Northern Rhodesia. Geological Magazine 101, 161-168.
48. Dürr, S.B., Dingeldey, D.P., 1966. The kaoko belt (Namibia): Part of a late neoproterozoic continental-scale strike-slip system. Nature 24, 503-506.
49. Edwards, R.A., 1975. The geology of the West Lunga area: Explanation of degree sheet 1224, NW quarter, and part of degree sheet 1223, NE quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 43, 86p.
50. Fairhead, J.D., Binks, R.M., 1991. Differential opening of the central and South Atlantic Oceans and the opening of the West African rift system. Tectonophysics 187, 191-203.
51. François, A., 1973. L'extrémité Occidentale de L'arc Cuprifère Shabien. Étude géologique. Département Géologiques Gécamines, Likasi, Shaba, Zaire, 65p.
52. François, A., 1987. Synthèse Géologique sur L'arc Cuprifère du Shaba (Rép. du Zaïre). Société Belge Géologie, Centenaire 1987, pp. 15-65.
53. François, A., Cailteux, J., 1981. La couverture katangienne entre les socle de nzilo et de la Kabompo, République du Zaïre, région de Kolwezi. Annals Société Géologique, Belgique 87, 50p.
54. Garrard, P., in press. The geology of the Chingola area: Explanation of degree sheet 1227, SE quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 66, 112p.
55. Guernsey, T.D., 1951. A Prospector's Guide to Mineral Occurrences in Northern Rhodesia, 1st Edition. British South Africa Company, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, 88p.
56. Hanson, R.E., Donovan, R.N., Wilson, T.J., 1989. The late proterozoic zambezi belt in Southern Africa: A model for the deeper levels of the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen. Geological Society America Abstract Program 21, 13.
57. Hanson, R.E., Singletary, S.J., Martin, M.W., Bowring, S.A., Key, R.M., Majaule, T., Mapeo, R.B.M., Ramokate, L.V., Direng, B., McMullan, S.R., 1998. Geochronology of proterozoic basement terranes in the Kalahari region of Botswana: Progress report. International Conference on the Role of A National Geological Survey in Sustainable Development, Gabarone, Botswana ,23-25 June 1998; Abstracts, pp. 41-43.
58. Hanson, R.E., Wardlaw, M.S., Wilson, T.J., Mwale, G., 1993. U-Pb zircon ages from the hook granite massif and mwembeshi dislocation: Constraints on Pan-African deformation, plutonism, and transcurrent shearing in central Zambia. Precambrian Research 63, 189-209.
59. Hanson, R.E., Wilson, T.J., Munyanyiwa, H., 1994. Geologic evolution of the neoproterozoic Zambezi orogenic belt in Zambia. Journal African Earth Sciences 18, 135-150.
60. Hanson, R.E., Wilson, T.J., Wardlaw, M.S., 1988. Deformed batholiths in the Pan-African Zambezi belt, Zambia: Age and implications for regional proterozoic tectonics. Geology 16, 1134-1137.
61. Hartnady, C., Joubert, P., Stowe, C., 1985. Proterozoic crustal evolution in Southwestern Africa. Episodes 8, 236-244.
62. Hickman, A.C.J., 1973. The geology of the Luanshya area: Explanation of degree sheet 1328, NW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 46, 32p.
63. Hoffman, P.F., Hawkins, D.P., Isachsen, C.E., Bowring, S.A., 1996. Precise U-Pb ages for early damaran magmatism in the summas mountains and welwitschia inlier, northern damara belt, Namibia. Communications Geological Survey Namibia 11, 47-52.
64. Hubbard, R.J., Pape, J., Roberts, D.G., 1985. Depositional sequence mapping as a technique to establish tectonic and stratigraphic framework and evaluate hydrocarbon potential on a passive continental margin. In: Berg, O.R., Woolverton, D.G. (Eds.), Seismic Stratigraphy II. American Association Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 39, 79-92.
65. Hutton, D.H.W., Dempster, T.J., Brown, P.E., Becker, S.D., 1990. A new mechanism of granite emplacement: Intrusion in active extensional shear zones. Nature 343, 452-455.
66. Intiomale, M.M., 1982. Le gisement Zn-Pb-Cu de kipushi (Shaba, Zaire). Etude Géologique et Métallogénique. Doctoral thesis, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium, 170p.
67. Jackson, G.C.A., 1932. The geology of the N'changa district, Northern Rhodesia. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London 88, 443-515.
68. Johns, C.C., Liyungu, K., Mabuku, S., Mwale, G., Sakungo, F., Tembo, D., Vallance, G., 1989. The stratigraphic and structural framework of Eastern Zambia: Results of a geotraverse. Journal African Earth Sciences 9, 123-136.
69. Kamona, F., 1993. The carbonate-hosted kabwe Pb-Zn deposit. Central Zambia. Ph.D. thesis, TU Aachen, Germany, Mitteilungen zur Mineralogie und Lagerstättenlehre, 44, 207p. Abstract in Zambian Journal Appled Earth Sciences 7, 56-57.
70. Kampunzu, A.B., Akanyang, P., Mapeo, R.B.M., Modie, B.N., Wendorff, M., 1998a. Geochemistry and tectonic significance of the mesoproterozoic kgwebe metavolcanic rocks in northwest Botswana: Implications for the evolution of the kibaran namaqua-natal belt. Geological Magazine 133.
71. Kampunzu, A.B., Cailteux, J., 1997. Tectonic evolution of the lufilian arc (Central Africa Copperbelt) during neoproterozoic pan african orogenesis. Abstracts, Intraplate Magmatism and Tectonics of Southern Africa Conference, 8-12 Sept. 1997, Harare, Zimbabwe, pp. 25-26.
72. Kampunzu, A.B., Kanika, M., Kapenda, D., Tshimanga, K., 1993. Geochemistry and geotectonic setting of late proterozoic katangan basic rocks from kibambale in central Shaba (Zaire). Abstracts, IGCP Project 302: The Structure and Metallogenesis of Central African Late Proterozoic Belts; Conference in Shaba, Zaire, 7-16 Oct., 1990.
73. Kampunzu, A.B., Kapenda, D., Manteka, B., 1991. Basic magmatism and geotectonic evolution of the pan African belt in central Africa: Evidence from the katangan and west congolian segments. Tectonophysics 190, 363-371.
74. Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N., 1998b. Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the lueshe, kirumba and numi igneous complexes (kivu, democratic republic of congo) and the break-up of the rodinia supercontinent. Journal African Earth Sciences 26, 29-36.
75. Kampunzu, A.B., Wendorff, M., Kruger, F.J., Intiomale, M.M., 1998c. Pb isotopic ages of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralisation in the neoproterozoic copperbelt of Zambia and democratic republic of congo (ex-Zaire): Re-evaluation and implications. Chronicles Recherches Minières 530, 55-61.
76. Klinck, B.A., 1977. The geology of the Kapompo Dome area: Explanation of degree sheet 1224, NW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 44, 27p.
77. Loris, N.B.T., Chralet, J.-M., Pechmann, E., Clare, C., Chabu, M., Quinif, Y., 1997. Caractéristiques minéralogiques, cristallographiques, physico-chimiques et âges des minéralisations uranifères de lwiswishi (Shaba, Zaire). Proceedings International Cornet Symposium (Mons, 5-9. Sep. 1994), Royal Academy Oversea Science, pp. 285-306.
78. Ludwig, K.R., 1983. Plotting and regression programs for isotope geologists, for use with HP-86/87 microcomputers. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-849, 94p.
79. Mallick, D.I.J., 1966. The stratigraphy and structure of the mpande dome, Southern Zambia. Transactions Geological Society South Africa 69, 211-230.
80. Mallick, D.I.J., 1967. The metamorphic development of the mpande dome in Zambia. Geologische Rundschau 56, 670-691.
81. Mason, R., 1998. Tectonic setting of the kalahari suture zone -Botswana. International Conference on the Role of A National Geological Survey in Sustainable Development, Gabarone, Botswana, 23-25 June 1998; Abstracts, pp. 51-54.
82. Matheson, G.D., Newman, D., 1966. Geology and structure of the Lusaka area. Records Geological Survey Zambia 10, 10-19.
83. McKenzie, D., 1978. Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth Planetary Science Letters 40, 25-32.
84. Meert, J.G., van der Voo, R., 1994. The neoproterozoic (1000-540 Ma) glacial intervals: No more snowball earth?. Earth Planetary Science Letters 123, 1-13.
85. Mendelsohn, F., 1961. The Geology of the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt. Macdonald, London, 523p.
86. Meneghel, L., 1981. The occurrence of uranium in the katanga system of northwestern Zambia. Economic Geology 76, 56-68.
87. Moore, T.A., 1964. The geology of the Chisamba area: Explanation of degree sheet 1428, SW quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 5, 32p.
88. Moores, E.M., 1991. Southwest U:S.-East antarctic (SWEAT connection: A hypothesis. Geology 19, 425-428.
89. Murray-Hughes, R., Fitch, A.A., 1929. The geology of part of northwestern Rhodesia. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London 85, 109-166.
90. Needham, D.T., Knipe, R.J., 1986. Accretion- and collision- related deformation in the Southern Uplands accretionary wedge, Southwest Scotland. Geology 14, 303-306.
91. Parkin, J., 1980. Geology of the st. Francis mission area: Explanation of degree sheets 1126, SE quarter and 1226, NE quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia (unpubl.).
92. Porada, H., 1989. Pan-african rifting and orogenesis in southern to equatorial Africa and Eastern Brazil. Precambrian Research 44, 103-136.
93. Porada, H., 1994. Thrust Tectonics in the Lufilian Arc of Zambia and Zaire. Résumé des communications, Colloque International Cornet, 5-9 septembre 1994, Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Belgique, pp. 61-62.
94. Prosser, S., 1993. Rift-related linked depositional systems and their seismic expression. In: Williams, G.D., Dobb, A., (Eds.), Tectonics and Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy. Geological Society London, Special Publication 71, pp. 35-66.
95. Ramsay, C.R., Ridgeway, J., 1977. Metamorphic patterns in Zambia and their bearing on problems of Zambian teconic history. Precambrian Research 4, 321-337.
96. Ramsay, C.R., Ridgeway, J., 1979. Metamorphic patterns in Zambia and their bearing on problems of Zambian teconic history - A reply. Precambrian Research 8, 130-135.
97. Richards, J.P., Cumming, G.L., Krstic, D., Wagner, P.A., Spooner, E.T.C., 1988a. Pb isotope constraints on the age of sulfide ore deposition and U-Pb age of late uraninite veining at the musoshi stratiform copper deposit, central African copper belt, Zaire, Economic Geology 83, 724-741.
98. Richards, J.P., Krogh, T.E., Spooner, E.T.C., 1988b. Fluid inclusion characteristics and U-Pb rutile age of late hydrothermal alteration and veining at the musoshi stratiform copper deposit, central African copper belt, Zaire. Economic Geology 83, 118-139.
99. Schlische, R.W., Olsen, P.E., 1990. Quantitative filling model for continental extensional basins with applications to early mesozoic rifts of eastern north America. Journal Geology 98, 135-155.
100. Shatski, N.S., 1946. The great donets basin and the wichita system: Comparative tectonics of ancient platforms. USSR. Akademie Nauk. Izv. Geologie 6, 57-90.
101. Silver, E.A., Reed, D.L., 1988. Backthrusting in accretionary wedges. Journal Geophysical Research 93, 3116-3126.
102. Simpson, J.G., Drysdall, A.R., Lambert, H.H., 1963. The geology and groundwater resources of the Lusaka area: Explanation of degree sheet 1528, NW quarter. Report Geological Survey North Rhodesia 16, 59p.
103. Smith, A.G., 1963. The geology of the country around mazabuka and kafue: Explanation of degree sheets 1527, SE quarter and 1528, SW quarter. Report Geological Survey North Rhodesia 2, 32p.
104. Steiger, R.H., Jäger, E., 1977. Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth Planetary Science Letters 36, 359-362.
105. Stern, R.J., 1994. Arc assembly and continental collision in the neoproterozoic east African orogen: Implications for the consolidation of gondwanaland. Annual Review Earth Planetary Science 22, 319-351.
106. Tavener-Smith, R., 1961. The geology of the mapanza mission area: Explanation of degree sheet 1626, NE quarter. Report Geological Survey North Rhodesia 10, 41 p.
107. Tegtmeyer, A., Kröner, A., 1985. U-PB zircon ages for granitoid gneisses in Northern Namibia and their significance for proterozoic crustal evolution of South Western Africa. Preambrian Research 28, 311-326.
108. Tembo, F., 1994. The Geology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Metagabbroic Rocks in the Lufilian Arc of Zambia. Dissertation Universität Göttingen, Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen, 118p.
109. Thieme, J.G., 1970. The geology of the Mansa area: Explanation of degree sheet 1128, parts of NW quarter and NE quarter. Report Geological Survey Zambia 26, 37p.
110. Thieme, J.G., Johnson, R.L., 1981. Geological map of the republic of Zambia. Geological Survey Zambia, Lusaka. Scale 1:1 000 000.
111. Tshiauka, T., Katekesha, W.M., Cailteux, J., Intiomale, M.M., Kampunzu, A.B., Kapenda, D., Chabu, M., Ngongo, K., Mutombo, K., Nkanika, W.R., 1995. Lithostratigraphy of neoproterozoic katangan sedimentary sequences in the musoshi copper district (SE Shaba, Zaire) and incidences on copper and cobalt economic geology in central Africa. In: Wendorff, M., Tack, L. (Eds.), Late Proterozoic Belts in Central and South-western Africa. Annales Société Géologique, Belgique 101, 29-48.
112. Unrug, R., 1983. The lufilian arc: A microplate in the pan-african collision zone of the congo and the kalahari cratons. Precambrian Research 21, 181-196.
113. Unrug, R., 1988. Geodynamic evolution of the lufilian arc and the kundelungu aulacogen, Angola, Zambia and Zaire. In: Matheis, G., Schandelmeier, H. (Eds.), Current Research in African Earth Sciences. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 117-120.
114. Unrug, R., 1992. The supercontinent cycle and gondwanaland assembly: Component cratons and the timing of suturing events. Journal Geodynamics 16, 215-240.
115. Vavrdova, M., Utting, J., 1972. Lower palaeozoic microfossils from the luapula beds of the Mansa area. Records Geological Survey Zambia 12, 81-89.
116. Vinyu, M.L., Martin, M.W., Bowring, S., Hanson, R., Jelsma, H.A., Dirks, P., 1997. Tectonothermal evolution of the polymetamorphic zambezi belt in NE Zimbabwe: Constraints from U-Pb single grain zircon data. Abstracts, Intraplate Magmatism and Tectonics of Southern Africa Conference, 8-12 Sept. 1997, Harare, Zimbabwe, pp. 25-26.
117. Vrána, S., Prasad, R., Fediuková, E., 1975. Metamorphic kyanite eclogites in the lufilian arc of Zambia. Mineralogical Magazine 38, 837-846.
118. Von Pechmann, E., 1992. Mineralogy and Geochronology of U(-Au) Deposits from the Pine Creek Geosyncline, Northern Territory, Australia, and from the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Heidelberger Geowissen-schaften Abhandlungen 59, 475p.
119. Walraven, F., Chabu, M., 1994. Pb-isotope constraints on base-metal mineralaisation at kipushi (Southeastern Zaire). Journal African Earth Sciences 18, 73-82.
120. Watson, M.P., Hayward, A.B., Parkinson, D.N., Zhang, Zh.M., 1987. Plate tectonic history, basin development and petroleum source rock deposition inshore China. Marine Petrology 4, 205-225.
121. Wilson, T., Hanson, R.E., Wardlaw, M.S., 1993. Late proterozoic evolution of the Zambezi belt, Zambia: Implications for regional pan-african tectonics and shear displacements in Gondwana. In: Findlay, R.H., Unrug, R., Banks, M.R., Veevers, J.J., (Eds.), Gondwana Eight: Assembly, Evolution and Dispersal. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 69-82.
122. York, D., 1966. The least-squares fitting of a straight line. Canadian Journal Physics 44, 1086-1097.
123. Yoshinobu, A.S., Okaya, D.A., Paterson, S.R., 1998. Modeling the thermal evolution of fault-controlled magma emplacement models: Implication for the solidification of granitoid plutons. Journal Structural Geology 20, 1205-1218.
124. Young, G.M., 1995. Are neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents? Geology 23, 153-156.