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Volumn 127, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1206-1215

Bifunctional Lewis acid-nucleophile-based asymmetric catalysis: Mechanistic evidence for imine activation working in tandem with chiral enolate formation in the synthesis of β-lactams

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; CATALYSTS; DERIVATIVES; ORGANIC ACIDS; STEREOCHEMISTRY;

EID: 13644264785     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja044179f     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (182)

References (67)
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    • Bifunctional catalysis has often been defined as involving a mechanism in which two functional catalysts (in this case a Lewis base and Lewis acid) are involved in the rate-determining step, such that rate enhancement is observed. The term concerted catalysis has also been proposed to describe the simultaneous action of two catalysts and could be applied to a variant of our system reported herein. (a) Swain, C. G.; Brown, J. F., Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2538-2543. (b) DiMauro, E. F.; Mamai, A.; Kozlowski, M. C. Organometallics 2003, 22, 850-855.
    • (1952) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 2538-2543
    • Swain, C.G.1    Brown Jr., J.F.2
  • 7
    • 0037450892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bifunctional catalysis has often been defined as involving a mechanism in which two functional catalysts (in this case a Lewis base and Lewis acid) are involved in the rate-determining step, such that rate enhancement is observed. The term concerted catalysis has also been proposed to describe the simultaneous action of two catalysts and could be applied to a variant of our system reported herein. (a) Swain, C. G.; Brown, J. F., Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2538-2543. (b) DiMauro, E. F.; Mamai, A.; Kozlowski, M. C. Organometallics 2003, 22, 850-855.
    • (2003) Organometallics , vol.22 , pp. 850-855
    • DiMauro, E.F.1    Mamai, A.2    Kozlowski, M.C.3
  • 38
    • 13644255738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Standard reaction conditions consisted of 10 mol % BQ 3a, 1 equiv of proton sponge as a stoichiometric base, 1 equiv of imino ester 5a, and 1 equiv of acid chloride in toluene at -78°C.
  • 41
    • 13644254266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 as a cocatalyst.
  • 45
    • 0000474548 scopus 로고
    • Abel, E. W., Stone, F. G. A., Wilkinson, G., Eds.; Elsevier Science: New York, Chapter 11
    • Paver, M. A.; Russell, C. A.; Wright, D. S. In Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry II; Abel, E. W., Stone, F. G. A., Wilkinson, G., Eds.; Elsevier Science: New York, 1995; Vol. 1, Chapter 11.
    • (1995) Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry II , vol.1
    • Paver, M.A.1    Russell, C.A.2    Wright, D.S.3
  • 46
    • 13644249561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 in THF (a solvent in which it is fully soluble).
  • 48
    • 0011056377 scopus 로고
    • Wilkinson, G., Ed.; Pergamon Press: New York, Chapter 25.2
    • (b) Tuck, D. G. In Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry; Wilkinson, G., Ed.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1987; Vol. 3, Chapter 25.2.
    • (1987) Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry , vol.3
    • Tuck, D.G.1
  • 54
    • 13644260242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Supporting Information for details.
  • 55
    • 13644262946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 standard.
  • 58
    • 13644258761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Conversions as close to 20% as possible were measured to negate the effect of product inhibition and catalyst degradation (which may occur through acylation of the phenolic oxygen).
  • 59
    • 13644261866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Due to the number of potential manifolds in our reaction pathway, no one step can be defined as the only rate-determining step. The calculated KIE should be considered as an aggregate resulting from an ensemble of RDS's, which is in fact a common but underappreciated occurrence in complex chemical reactions.
  • 61
    • 13644251230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It is possible that the metal salt rather than catalyzing the formation of product suppresses the formation of undesired side products.
  • 67
    • 13644267419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 and the imine (1 mL of toluene) was added via syringe pump over 1 h.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.