Distribution and dispersal of desert mistletoe is scale-dependent, hierarchically nested

Ecography

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 137-144

  Aukema, Juliann Eve ^a,b  

^a University of Arizona   (United States)

^b INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL FORESTRY   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELEVATION; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; HOST PLANT; PARASITIC PLANT; SEED DISPERSAL;

AVES; PHORADENDRON; PHORADENDRON CALIFORNICUM; PROSOPIS; VISCUM; VISCUM ALBUM;

EID: 13544250533     PISSN: 09067590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03640.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Anon. 1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Ver. 6, fourth ed. Vol. 2. - SAS Institute.
2. Aukema, J. E. 2001. Dispersal and spatial distribution of the desert mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum, at multiple scales: patterns, processes and mechanisms. - Ph. D. thesis, University of Arizona.
3. Aukema, J. E. 2003. Vectors, viscin and Viscaceae: mistletoes as parasites, mutualists, and resources. - Front. Ecol. Environ. 1: 212-219.
4. Aukema, J. E. and Martínez del Rio, C. 2002a. Mistletoes as parasites and seed-dispersing birds as disease vectors: current understanding, challenges, and opportunities. - In: Levey, D. J., Silva, W. R. and Galetti, M. (eds), Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CAB Int. Press, pp. 99-110.
5. Aukema, J. E. and Martínez del Rio, C. 2002b. Where does a fruit-eating bird deposit mistletoe seeds? Seed deposition patterns and an experiment. - Ecology 83: 3489-3496.
6. Bolker, B. M. 1995. Group report: spatial dynamics of infectious diseases in natural populations. - In: Grenfell, B. T. and Dobson, A. P. (eds), Ecology of infectious diseases in natural populations. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 399-420.
7. Burgess, T. L. 1995. Desert grassland, mixed shrub savanna, shrub steppe, or semidesert scrub? The dilemma of coexisting growth forms. - In: McClaran, M. P. and Van Devender, T. R. (eds), The desert grassland. Univ. of Arizona Press, pp. 31-65.
8. Calder, D. M. 1983. Mistletoes in focus: an introduction. - In: Calder, M. and Bernhardt, P. (eds), The biology of mistletoes. Academic Press, pp. 1-18.
9. Chu, M. C. 1999. Ecology and breeding of Phainopeplas (Phainopepla nitens) in the desert and coastal woodlands of southern California. - Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of California at Berkeley.
10. Ehleringer, J. R. and Marshall, J. D. 1995. Water relations. - In: Press, M. C. and Graves, J. D. (eds), Parasitic plants. Chapman and Hall, pp. 125-140.
11. Englund, E. and Sparks, A. 1991. Geo-Eas 1.2.1 Geostatistical Environmental Assessment Software User's Guide. - United States Environmental Protection Agency.
12. Godschalk, S. K. B. 1983. Mistletoe dispersal by birds in South Africa. - In: Calder, M. and Bernhardt, P. (eds), The biology of mistletoes. Academic Press, pp. 117-128.
13. Herrera, C. M. 1985. Habitat-consumer interactions in frugivorous birds. - In: Cody, M. L. (ed.), Habitat selection in birds. Academic Press, pp. 341-365.
14. Humphrey, R. R. and Mehrhoff, L. A. 1958. Vegetation changes on a southern Arizona grassland range. - Ecology 39: 720-726.
15. Isaaks, E. H. and Srivastava, R. M. 1989. Applied geostatistics. - Oxford Univ. Press.
16. Kareiva, P. 1994. Space: the final frontier for ecological theory. - Ecology 75: 1.
17. Kotliar, N. B. 1996. Scale dependency and the expression of hierarchical structure in Delphinium patches. - Vegetatio 127: 117-128.
18. Kotliar, N. B. and Wiens, J. A. 1990. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity. - Oikos 59: 253-260.
19. Kuijt, J. 1969. The biology of parasitic flowering plants. - Univ. of California Press.
20. Larson, D. 1991. Ecology of desert mistletoe seed dispersal. - Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Illinois.
21. Larson, D. 1996. Seed dispersal by specialist versus generalist foragers: the plant's perspective. - Oikos 76: 113-120.
22. Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. - Ecology 73: 1943-1967.
23. Marcuse, S. 1949. Optimum allocation and variance components in mixed sampling with application to chemical analysis. - Biometrics 5: 189-206.
24. Martin, S. C. and Turner, R. M. 1977. Vegetation change in the Sonoran Desert Region, Arizona and Sonora. - J. Arizona Academy of Science 12: 59-69.
25. McBratney, A. B. and Webster, R. 1986. Choosing functions for semi-variograms of soil properties and fitting them to sampling estimates. - J. Soil Sci. 37: 617-639.
26. McElhany, P., Real, L. and Power, A. 1995. Vector preference and disease dynamics: a study of barley yellow dwarf virus. - Ecology 76: 444-457.
27. Norton, D. A. and Smith, M. S. 1999. Why might roadside mulgas be better mistletoe hosts? - Aust. J. Ecol. 24: 193-198.
28. Oliver, M. A. and Webster, R. 1986. Combined nested and linear sampling for determining the scale and form of spatial variation of regionalized variables. - Geogr. Anal. 18: 227-242.
29. O'Neill, R. V. et al. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems. - Princeton Univ. Press.
30. Overton, J. M. 1994. Dispersal and infection in mistletoe metapopulations. - J. Ecol. 82: 711-723.
31. Pannatier, Y. 1996. VARIOWIN: Software for spatial data analysis in 2D. - Springer.
32. Pockman, W. T. and Sperry, J. S. 1997. Freezing-induced xylem cavitation and the northern limit of Larrea tridentata. - Oecologia 109: 19-27.
33. Pockman, W. T. and Sperry, J. S. 2000. Vulnerability to xylem cavitation and the distribution of Sonoran desert vegetation. - Am. J. Bot. 87: 1287-1299.
34. Real, L., Marschall, E. and Roche, B. 1992. Individual behavior and pollination ecology: implications for the spread of sexually transmitted plant diseases. - In: DeAngelis, D. L. and Gross, L. J. (eds), Individual-based models and approaches in ecology: populations, communities and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, pp. 492-508.
35. Reid, N. 1989. Dispersal of mistletoes by honeyeaters and flowerpeckers: components of seed dispersal quality. - Ecology 70: 137-145.
36. Rossi, R. E. et al. 1992. Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. - Ecol. Monogr. 62: 277-314.
37. Thomson, J. D. et al. 1996. Untangling multiple factors in spatial distributions: lillies, gophers, and rocks. - Ecology 77: 1698-1715.
38. Turner, M. G. 1989. Landscape ecology, the effect of pattern on process. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20: 171-197.
39. van Coller, A. L., Rogers, K. H. and Heritage, G. L. 2000. Riparian vegetation-environment relationships: complementarity complement of gradients versus patch hierarchy approaches. - J. Veg. Sci. 11: 337-350.
40. Walsberg, G. E. 1977. Ecology and energetics of contrasting social systems in Phainopepla nitens (Aves: Ptilogonatidae). - Univ. of California Publ. Zool. 108: 1-63.
41. Watson, D. 2001. Mistletoe-a keystone resource in forests and woodlands worldwide. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32: 219-249.
42. Webster, R. and Boag, B. 1992. Geostatistical analysis of cyst nematodes in soil. - J. Soil Sci. 43: 583-595.
43. Webster, R. and Oliver, M. A. 1990. Statistical methods in soil and land resource survey. - Oxford Univ. Press.
44. Wiens, J. A. 1989. Spatial scaling in ecology. - Funct. Ecol. 3: 385-397.
45. Wu, J. and Louks, O. L. 1995. From balance of nature to hierarchical patch dynamics: paradigm shift in ecology. - Q. Rev. Biol. 70: 439-466.