-
1
-
-
0023467527
-
Ecological neighborhoods: Scaling environmental patterns
-
Addicott, J. F., Aho, J. M., Antolin, M. F., Padilla, D. K., Richardson, J. S. & Soluk, D. A. 1987. Ecological neighborhoods: scaling environmental patterns. Oikos 49: 340-346.
-
(1987)
Oikos
, vol.49
, pp. 340-346
-
-
Addicott, J.F.1
Aho, J.M.2
Antolin, M.F.3
Padilla, D.K.4
Richardson, J.S.5
Soluk, D.A.6
-
4
-
-
0002822978
-
Role of heterogeneity in scaling of ecological systems under analysis
-
Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Allen, T. F. H. & Hoekstra, T. W. 1991. Role of heterogeneity in scaling of ecological systems under analysis. Pp. 47-68. In: Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Ecological heterogeneity. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1991)
Ecological Heterogeneity
, pp. 47-68
-
-
Allen, T.F.H.1
Hoekstra, T.W.2
-
5
-
-
34948872075
-
Spatial patterns in some Australian dryland plant communities
-
Patil, G. P., Pielou, E. C. & Waters, W. E. (eds), Pennsylvania State Univerity Press, University Park, PA
-
Anderson, D. J. 1971. Spatial patterns in some Australian dryland plant communities. Pp. 276-281. In: Patil, G. P., Pielou, E. C. & Waters, W. E. (eds), Statistical Ecology. Vol. 1. Spatial patterns and statistical distributions. Pennsylvania State Univerity Press, University Park, PA.
-
(1971)
Statistical Ecology. Vol. 1. Spatial Patterns and Statistical Distributions
, vol.1
, pp. 276-281
-
-
Anderson, D.J.1
-
6
-
-
0024528269
-
The importance of scale in evaluating herbivory impacts
-
Brown, B. J. & Allen, T. F. H. 1989. The importance of scale in evaluating herbivory impacts. Oikos 54: 189-194.
-
(1989)
Oikos
, vol.54
, pp. 189-194
-
-
Brown, B.J.1
Allen, T.F.H.2
-
7
-
-
0021060264
-
Multiscale sources of spatial variation in soil. I. The application of fractal concepts to nested levels of soil variation
-
Burrough, P. A. 1983. Multiscale sources of spatial variation in soil. I. The application of fractal concepts to nested levels of soil variation. Journal of Soil Science 34: 577-597.
-
(1983)
Journal of Soil Science
, vol.34
, pp. 577-597
-
-
Burrough, P.A.1
-
8
-
-
0024928233
-
Determination of ecological scale
-
Carlile, D. W., Skalski, J. R., Batker, J. E., Thomas, J. M. & Cullinan, V. I. 1989. Determination of ecological scale. Landscape Ecology 2: 203-213.
-
(1989)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.2
, pp. 203-213
-
-
Carlile, D.W.1
Skalski, J.R.2
Batker, J.E.3
Thomas, J.M.4
Cullinan, V.I.5
-
9
-
-
0021062950
-
Scale of spatial pattern: Four methods compared
-
Carpenter, S. R. & Chaney, J. E. 1983. Scale of spatial pattern: four methods compared. Vegetatio 53: 153-160.
-
(1983)
Vegetatio
, vol.53
, pp. 153-160
-
-
Carpenter, S.R.1
Chaney, J.E.2
-
10
-
-
0001424058
-
Animal movement in heterogeneous landscapes: An experiment with Eleodes beetles in shortgrass prairie
-
Crist, T. O., Guertin, D. S., Wiens, J. A. & Milne, B. T. 1992. Animal movement in heterogeneous landscapes: an experiment with Eleodes beetles in shortgrass prairie. Functional Ecology 6: 536-544.
-
(1992)
Functional Ecology
, vol.6
, pp. 536-544
-
-
Crist, T.O.1
Guertin, D.S.2
Wiens, J.A.3
Milne, B.T.4
-
11
-
-
0021086768
-
Detection of multispecies patterns in plant populations
-
Galiano, E. F. 1983. Detection of multispecies patterns in plant populations. Vegetatio 53: 129-138.
-
(1983)
Vegetatio
, vol.53
, pp. 129-138
-
-
Galiano, E.F.1
-
12
-
-
0023516633
-
A test for spatial pattern in vegetation using a Monte-Carlo simulation
-
Galiano, E. F., Castro, I. & Sterling, A. 1987. A test for spatial pattern in vegetation using a Monte-Carlo simulation. Journal of Ecology 75: 915-924.
-
(1987)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.75
, pp. 915-924
-
-
Galiano, E.F.1
Castro, I.2
Sterling, A.3
-
13
-
-
0001769504
-
Hummingbird foraging behavior: Decision-making and energy regulation
-
Kamil, A. C. & Sargent, T. D. (eds), T. D. Garland STPM Press, New York
-
Gass, C. L. & Montgomerie, R. D. 1981. Hummingbird foraging behavior: decision-making and energy regulation. Pp. 159-194. In: Kamil, A. C. & Sargent, T. D. (eds), Foraging behavior: ecological, ethological and psychological approaches. T. D. Garland STPM Press, New York.
-
(1981)
Foraging Behavior: Ecological, Ethological and Psychological Approaches
, pp. 159-194
-
-
Gass, C.L.1
Montgomerie, R.D.2
-
14
-
-
0000130405
-
Nonrandom foraging by sunbirds in a patchy environment
-
Gill, F. B. & Wolf, L. L. 1977. Nonrandom foraging by sunbirds in a patchy environment. Ecology 58: 1284-1296.
-
(1977)
Ecology
, vol.58
, pp. 1284-1296
-
-
Gill, F.B.1
Wolf, L.L.2
-
15
-
-
0027878892
-
Ecotone hierarchies
-
Gosz, J. R. 1993. Ecotone hierarchies. Ecological Applications 3: 369-376.
-
(1993)
Ecological Applications
, vol.3
, pp. 369-376
-
-
Gosz, J.R.1
-
16
-
-
0343103945
-
The use of random and continuous quadrats in the study of the structure of plant communities
-
Greig-Smith, P. 1952. The use of random and continuous quadrats in the study of the structure of plant communities. Annals of Botany New Series 16: 293-316.
-
(1952)
Annals of Botany New Series
, vol.16
, pp. 293-316
-
-
Greig-Smith, P.1
-
17
-
-
0000596381
-
Pattern in vegetation
-
Greig-Smith, P. 1979. Pattern in vegetation. Journal of Ecology 67: 755-779.
-
(1979)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.67
, pp. 755-779
-
-
Greig-Smith, P.1
-
19
-
-
0001364478
-
The intensity of spatial pattern in plant communities
-
Hill, M. O. 1973. The intensity of spatial pattern in plant communities. Journal of Ecology 61: 225-235.
-
(1973)
Journal of Ecology
, vol.61
, pp. 225-235
-
-
Hill, M.O.1
-
20
-
-
0000136794
-
Optimal foraging in bumblebees: Hunting by expectation
-
Hodges, C. M. 1981. Optimal foraging in bumblebees: hunting by expectation. Animal Behavior 29: 1166-1171.
-
(1981)
Animal Behavior
, vol.29
, pp. 1166-1171
-
-
Hodges, C.M.1
-
21
-
-
0025594562
-
Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn
-
Hurlbert, S. H. 1990. Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn. Oikos 58: 257-271.
-
(1990)
Oikos
, vol.58
, pp. 257-271
-
-
Hurlbert, S.H.1
-
22
-
-
0000499610
-
The use of cover and frequency in the detection of pattern in plant communities
-
Kershaw, K. A. 1957. The use of cover and frequency in the detection of pattern in plant communities. Ecology 38: 291-299.
-
(1957)
Ecology
, vol.38
, pp. 291-299
-
-
Kershaw, K.A.1
-
24
-
-
0003303883
-
Introduction: The heterogeneity of heterogeneity: A glossary
-
Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Kolasa, J. & Rollo, C. D. 1991. Introduction: the heterogeneity of heterogeneity: a glossary. Pp. 1-23. In: Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Ecological heterogeneity. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1991)
Ecological Heterogeneity
, pp. 1-23
-
-
Kolasa, J.1
Rollo, C.D.2
-
25
-
-
0025684452
-
Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: A hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity
-
Kotliar, N. B. & Wiens, J. A. 1990. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity. Oikos 59: 253-260.
-
(1990)
Oikos
, vol.59
, pp. 253-260
-
-
Kotliar, N.B.1
Wiens, J.A.2
-
26
-
-
0023468323
-
Landscape patterns in a disturbed environment
-
Krummel, J. R., Gardner, R. H., Sugihara, G., O'Neill, R. V. & Cole man, P. R. 1987. Landscape patterns in a disturbed environment. Oikos 48: 321-324.
-
(1987)
Oikos
, vol.48
, pp. 321-324
-
-
Krummel, J.R.1
Gardner, R.H.2
Sugihara, G.3
O'Neill, R.V.4
Cole Man, P.R.5
-
27
-
-
0027799360
-
Analysis of patterns in hierarchically structured landscapes
-
Lavorel, S., Gardner, R. H. & O'Neill, R. V. 1993. Analysis of patterns in hierarchically structured landscapes. Oikos 67: 521-528.
-
(1993)
Oikos
, vol.67
, pp. 521-528
-
-
Lavorel, S.1
Gardner, R.H.2
O'Neill, R.V.3
-
28
-
-
0345080478
-
A test of different quadrat variance methods for the analysis of spatial pattern
-
Cormack, R. M. & Ord, J. K. (eds), International Coop Publishing House, Maryland
-
Ludwig, J. A. 1979. A test of different quadrat variance methods for the analysis of spatial pattern. Pp. 283-304. In: Cormack, R. M. & Ord, J. K. (eds), Spatial and temporal analysis in ecology. International Coop Publishing House, Maryland.
-
(1979)
Spatial and Temporal Analysis in Ecology
, pp. 283-304
-
-
Ludwig, J.A.1
-
29
-
-
0002375668
-
A comparison of paired-with blocked-quadrat variance methods for the analysis of spatial patterns
-
Ludwig, J. A. & Goodall, D. W. 1978. A comparison of paired-with blocked-quadrat variance methods for the analysis of spatial patterns. Vegetatio 38: 49-59.
-
(1978)
Vegetatio
, vol.38
, pp. 49-59
-
-
Ludwig, J.A.1
Goodall, D.W.2
-
31
-
-
0002424840
-
Scale effects in landscape studies
-
Turner, M. G. (ed), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Meetenmeyer, V. & Box, E. O. 1987. Scale effects in landscape studies. Pp. 15-34. In: Turner, M. G. (ed), Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1987)
Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance
, pp. 15-34
-
-
Meetenmeyer, V.1
Box, E.O.2
-
32
-
-
0001851875
-
Lessons from applying fractal models to landscape patterns
-
Turner, M. G. & Gardner R. H. (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Milne, B. T. 1991a. Lessons from applying fractal models to landscape patterns. Pp. 199-235. In: Turner, M. G. & Gardner R. H. (eds), Quantitative methods in landscape ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1991)
Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology
, pp. 199-235
-
-
Milne, B.T.1
-
33
-
-
0002387308
-
Heterogeneity as a multiscale characteristic of landscapes
-
Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Milne, B. T. 1991b. Heterogeneity as a multiscale characteristic of landscapes. Pp. 69-84. In: Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Ecological heterogeneity. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1991)
Ecological Heterogeneity
, pp. 69-84
-
-
Milne, B.T.1
-
34
-
-
0002316040
-
Perspectives in hierarchy and scale. 1989
-
Roughgarden, J., May, R. M. & Levin, S. A. (eds), Princeton University Press, New Jersey
-
O'Neill, R.V. 1989. Perspectives in hierarchy and scale. 1989, Pp. 140-156. In: Roughgarden, J., May, R. M. & Levin, S. A. (eds), Perspectives in ecological theory. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
-
(1989)
Perspectives in Ecological Theory
, pp. 140-156
-
-
O'Neill, R.V.1
-
35
-
-
0003604088
-
-
Princeton University Press, New Jersey
-
O'Neill, R. V., DeAngelis, D. L., Waide, J. B. & Allen T. F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
-
(1986)
A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems
-
-
O'Neill, R.V.1
DeAngelis, D.L.2
Waide, J.B.3
Allen, T.F.H.4
-
36
-
-
0000465709
-
Indices of landscape pattern
-
O'Neill, R. V., Krummel, J. R., Gardner, R. H., Sugihara, G., Jackson, B., DeAngelis, D. L., Milne, B. T., Turner, M. G., Zygmunt, B., Christensen, S. W., Dale, V. H. & Graham, R. L. 1988. Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 1: 153-162.
-
(1988)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.1
, pp. 153-162
-
-
O'Neill, R.V.1
Krummel, J.R.2
Gardner, R.H.3
Sugihara, G.4
Jackson, B.5
DeAngelis, D.L.6
Milne, B.T.7
Turner, M.G.8
Zygmunt, B.9
Christensen, S.W.10
Dale, V.H.11
Graham, R.L.12
-
37
-
-
0024875534
-
A hierarchical framework for the analysis of scale
-
O'Neill, R. V., Johnson, A. R. & King, A. W. 1989. A hierarchical framework for the analysis of scale. Landscape Ecology 3: 193-205.
-
(1989)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.3
, pp. 193-205
-
-
O'Neill, R.V.1
Johnson, A.R.2
King, A.W.3
-
38
-
-
0002775638
-
Heterogeneity and spatial hierarchies
-
Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
O'Neill, R. V., Gardner, R. H., Milne, B. T., Turner, M. G. & Jackson, B. 1991. Heterogeneity and spatial hierarchies. Pp. 85-96. In: Kolasa, J. & Pickett, S. T. A. (eds), Ecological heterogeneity. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1991)
Ecological Heterogeneity
, pp. 85-96
-
-
O'Neill, R.V.1
Gardner, R.H.2
Milne, B.T.3
Turner, M.G.4
Jackson, B.5
-
39
-
-
0002030753
-
Unsolved problems and potential applications of hierarchy theory
-
Pattee, H. H. (ed), Goerge Braziller, Inc., New York
-
Pattee, H. H. 1973a. Unsolved problems and potential applications of hierarchy theory. Pp. 131-156. In: Pattee, H. H. (ed), Hierarchy theory: the challenge of complex systems. Goerge Braziller, Inc., New York.
-
(1973)
Hierarchy Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems
, pp. 131-156
-
-
Pattee, H.H.1
-
40
-
-
0002255443
-
The physical basis and origin of hierarchical control
-
Pattee, H. H. (ed), Goerge Braziller, Inc., New York
-
Pattee, H. H. 1973b. The physical basis and origin of hierarchical control. Pp. 73-108. In: Pattee, H. H. (ed), Hierarchy theory: the challenge of complex systems. Goerge Braziller, Inc., New York.
-
(1973)
Hierarchy Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems
, pp. 73-108
-
-
Pattee, H.H.1
-
42
-
-
0024525994
-
The ecological concept of disturbance and its expression at various hierarchical levels
-
Pickett, S. T. A., Kolasa, J., Armesto, J. J. & Collins, S. L. 1989. The ecological concept of disturbance and its expression at various hierarchical levels. Oikos 54: 129-136.
-
(1989)
Oikos
, vol.54
, pp. 129-136
-
-
Pickett, S.T.A.1
Kolasa, J.2
Armesto, J.J.3
Collins, S.L.4
-
44
-
-
0001409137
-
Patchiness in the dispersion of nectar resource: Evidence for hot and cold spots
-
Pleasants, J. M. & Zimmerman, M. 1979. Patchiness in the dispersion of nectar resource: evidence for hot and cold spots. Oecologia 41: 283-288.
-
(1979)
Oecologia
, vol.41
, pp. 283-288
-
-
Pleasants, J.M.1
Zimmerman, M.2
-
45
-
-
0000136795
-
Optimal foraging in hummingbirds: Rules of movement between inflorescences
-
Pyke, G. H. 1981. Optimal foraging in hummingbirds: rules of movement between inflorescences. Animal Behavior 29: 889-896.
-
(1981)
Animal Behavior
, vol.29
, pp. 889-896
-
-
Pyke, G.H.1
-
47
-
-
0000889542
-
Large herbivore foraging and ecological hierarchies
-
Senft, R. L., Coughenour, M. B., Bailey, D. W., Rittenhouse, L. R., Sala, O. E. & Swift, D. M. 1987. Large herbivore foraging and ecological hierarchies. BioScience 37: 789-799.
-
(1987)
BioScience
, vol.37
, pp. 789-799
-
-
Senft, R.L.1
Coughenour, M.B.2
Bailey, D.W.3
Rittenhouse, L.R.4
Sala, O.E.5
Swift, D.M.6
-
48
-
-
0024897596
-
Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern on processes
-
Turner, M.G. 1989. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on processes. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20: 171-197.
-
(1989)
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
, vol.20
, pp. 171-197
-
-
Turner, M.G.1
-
49
-
-
0001823393
-
Pattern and scale: Statistics for landscape ecology
-
Turner, M. G. & Gardner R. H. (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Turner, S. J., O'Neill, R. V., Conley, W., Conley, M. R. & Humphries, H. C. 1991. Pattern and scale: statistics for landscape ecology. Pp. 17-49. In: Turner, M. G. & Gardner R. H. (eds), Quantitative methods in landscape ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
-
(1991)
Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology
, pp. 17-49
-
-
Turner, S.J.1
O'Neill, R.V.2
Conley, W.3
Conley, M.R.4
Humphries, H.C.5
-
51
-
-
0001586229
-
Competition for hummingbird pollination and sequential flowering in two Colorado wildflowers
-
Waser, N.M. 1978. Competition for hummingbird pollination and sequential flowering in two Colorado wildflowers. Ecology 59: 934-944.
-
(1978)
Ecology
, vol.59
, pp. 934-944
-
-
Waser, N.M.1
-
52
-
-
0020363647
-
A comparison of distances flown by different visitors to flowers of the same species
-
Waser, N. M. 1982. A comparison of distances flown by different visitors to flowers of the same species. Oecologia 55: 251-257.
-
(1982)
Oecologia
, vol.55
, pp. 251-257
-
-
Waser, N.M.1
-
53
-
-
0002886631
-
Adaptive nature of floral traits: Ideas and evidence
-
Real, L. (ed), Academic Press, Inc., Orlando
-
Waser, N. M. 1983. Adaptive nature of floral traits: ideas and evidence. Pp. 242-285. In: Real, L. (ed), Pollination Biology. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando.
-
(1983)
Pollination Biology
, pp. 242-285
-
-
Waser, N.M.1
-
54
-
-
0025243019
-
Nectar standing crops in Delphinium nelsonii flowers: Spatial autocorrelation among plants?
-
Waser, N. M. & Mitchell, R. J. 1990. Nectar standing crops in Delphinium nelsonii flowers: spatial autocorrelation among plants? Ecology 71: 116-123.
-
(1990)
Ecology
, vol.71
, pp. 116-123
-
-
Waser, N.M.1
Mitchell, R.J.2
-
55
-
-
0024939275
-
Spatial scaling in ecology
-
Wiens, J. A. 1989. Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology 3: 385-397.
-
(1989)
Functional Ecology
, vol.3
, pp. 385-397
-
-
Wiens, J.A.1
-
56
-
-
0024876398
-
Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective
-
Wiens, J. A. & Milne, B. T. 1989. Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective. Landscape Ecology 3: 87-96.
-
(1989)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.3
, pp. 87-96
-
-
Wiens, J.A.1
Milne, B.T.2
-
57
-
-
0029170073
-
Fractal patterns of insect movement in microlandscape mosaics
-
Wiens, J. A., Crist, T. O., With, K. A. & Milne, B. T. 1995. Fractal patterns of insect movement in microlandscape mosaics. Ecology 76: 663-666.
-
(1995)
Ecology
, vol.76
, pp. 663-666
-
-
Wiens, J.A.1
Crist, T.O.2
With, K.A.3
Milne, B.T.4
-
58
-
-
0028165734
-
Using fractal analysis to assess how species perceive landscape structure
-
With, K. A. 1994a. Using fractal analysis to assess how species perceive landscape structure. Landscape Ecology 9: 25-36.
-
(1994)
Landscape Ecology
, vol.9
, pp. 25-36
-
-
With, K.A.1
-
59
-
-
0028161614
-
Ontogenetic shifts in how grasshoppers interact with landscape structure: An analysis of movement patterns
-
With, K. A. 1994b. Ontogenetic shifts in how grasshoppers interact with landscape structure: an analysis of movement patterns. Functional Ecology 8: 477-485.
-
(1994)
Functional Ecology
, vol.8
, pp. 477-485
-
-
With, K.A.1
-
60
-
-
0025257769
-
Non-random foraging by hummingbirds: Patterns of movement between lpomopsis aggregata (Pursch) V. Grant inflorescences
-
Wolf, L. L. & Hainsworth, F. R. 1990. Non-random foraging by hummingbirds: patterns of movement between lpomopsis aggregata (Pursch) V. Grant inflorescences. Functional Ecology 4: 149-157.
-
(1990)
Functional Ecology
, vol.4
, pp. 149-157
-
-
Wolf, L.L.1
Hainsworth, F.R.2
|