메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 2-28

The Placebo Effect in Cardiovascular Disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 13444312685     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-03002-1.50005-7     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0028242319 scopus 로고
    • The importance of placebo effects in pain treatment and research
    • Turner JA, Deyo RA, Loeser JD, et al. The importance of placebo effects in pain treatment and research. JAMA 1994, 271:1609-1614.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1609-1614
    • Turner, J.A.1    Deyo, R.A.2    Loeser, J.D.3
  • 3
    • 0029853170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinetics and dynamics of responses to placebo
    • Weiner M, Weiner GJ The kinetics and dynamics of responses to placebo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996, 60:247-254.
    • (1996) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.60 , pp. 247-254
    • Weiner, M.1    Weiner, G.J.2
  • 4
    • 0021983693 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes mimicking a vasodilator drug response in the absence of drug therapy after right heart catheterization in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Medina N, Yushak M Hemodynamic changes mimicking a vasodilator drug response in the absence of drug therapy after right heart catheterization in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1985, 71:76l-766.
    • (1985) Circulation , vol.71
    • Packer, M.1    Medina, N.2    Yushak, M.3
  • 6
    • 0014421936 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic treatment of Wilson's disease
    • Chalmers TC Prophylactic treatment of Wilson's disease. N Engl J Med 1968, 278:910-911.
    • (1968) N Engl J Med , vol.278 , pp. 910-911
    • Chalmers, T.C.1
  • 7
    • 0004010456 scopus 로고
    • Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
    • Stedman's Medical Dictionary 1995, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. ed 26.
    • (1995) Stedman's Medical Dictionary
  • 8
    • 0002710897 scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to the placebo effect: their implications for psychotherapy
    • Shapiro AK Factors contributing to the placebo effect: their implications for psychotherapy. Am J Psychother 1961, 18:73.
    • (1961) Am J Psychother , vol.18 , pp. 73
    • Shapiro, A.K.1
  • 9
    • 0016933802 scopus 로고
    • Explaining and exploiting placebo effects
    • Byerly H Explaining and exploiting placebo effects. Perspect Biol Med 1976, 19:423-436.
    • (1976) Perspect Biol Med , vol.19 , pp. 423-436
    • Byerly, H.1
  • 11
    • 0009690966 scopus 로고
    • The clinical trial
    • Hill AB The clinical trial. Br Med Bull 1951, 7:278.
    • (1951) Br Med Bull , vol.7 , pp. 278
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 12
    • 77049242855 scopus 로고
    • The powerful placebo
    • Beecher HK The powerful placebo. JAMA 1955, 159:1602.
    • (1955) JAMA , vol.159 , pp. 1602
    • Beecher, H.K.1
  • 14
    • 0018962999 scopus 로고
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Influence of adherence to treatment and response to cholesterol on mortality in the Coronary Drug Project
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Influence of adherence to treatment and response to cholesterol on mortality in the Coronary Drug Project. N Engl J Med 1980, 303:1038-1041.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1038-1041
  • 15
    • 0025032402 scopus 로고
    • Treatment adherence and risk of death after a myocardial infarction
    • Horwitz RI, Viscoli CM, Berkman L, et al. Treatment adherence and risk of death after a myocardial infarction. Lancet 1990, 336:542-545.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 542-545
    • Horwitz, R.I.1    Viscoli, C.M.2    Berkman, L.3
  • 16
    • 0027293786 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of treatment adherence to the risk of death after myocardial infarction in women
    • Gallagher EJ, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI The relationship of treatment adherence to the risk of death after myocardial infarction in women. JAMA 1993, 270:742-744.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 742-744
    • Gallagher, E.J.1    Viscoli, C.M.2    Horwitz, R.I.3
  • 17
    • 0037018941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect in alternative medicine: Can the performance of a healing ritual have clinical significance?
    • Kaptchuk TJ The placebo effect in alternative medicine: Can the performance of a healing ritual have clinical significance?. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136:817-825.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 817-825
    • Kaptchuk, T.J.1
  • 18
    • 0034702111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-associated blood pressure response and adverse effects in the treatment of hypertension: observations from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study
    • Preston RA, Materson BJ, Reda DJ, Williams DW Placebo-associated blood pressure response and adverse effects in the treatment of hypertension: observations from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:1449-1454.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1449-1454
    • Preston, R.A.1    Materson, B.J.2    Reda, D.J.3    Williams, D.W.4
  • 19
    • 0037028769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific medication side effects and the nocebo phenomenon
    • Barsky AJ, Saintfort R, Rogers MP, Borus JF Nonspecific medication side effects and the nocebo phenomenon. JAMA 2002, 287:622-627.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 622-627
    • Barsky, A.J.1    Saintfort, R.2    Rogers, M.P.3    Borus, J.F.4
  • 20
    • 84882482925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect
    • Education of Health Professionals in Complementary/Alternative Medicine. Conference sponsored by Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, November 2-5, Published by Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, New York, New York, 2001
    • Feinstein AR: The placebo effect. In Education of Health Professionals in Complementary/Alternative Medicine. Conference sponsored by Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, November 2-5, 2000. Published by Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, New York, New York, 2001.
    • (2000)
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 21
    • 0000909220 scopus 로고
    • Effects of placebo administration and occurrence of toxic reactions
    • Wolf S, Pinsky RH Effects of placebo administration and occurrence of toxic reactions. JAMA 1954, 155:339.
    • (1954) JAMA , vol.155 , pp. 339
    • Wolf, S.1    Pinsky, R.H.2
  • 22
    • 0025036764 scopus 로고
    • Don't let placebos fool you
    • Davis JM Don't let placebos fool you. Postgrad Med 1990, 88:21-24.
    • (1990) Postgrad Med , vol.88 , pp. 21-24
    • Davis, J.M.1
  • 23
    • 0037133516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing the placebo effect and finding the meaning response
    • Moerman DE, Jonas WB Deconstructing the placebo effect and finding the meaning response. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136:471-476.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 471-476
    • Moerman, D.E.1    Jonas, W.B.2
  • 24
    • 0030885457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nocebo phenomenon: concept, evidence, and implications for public health
    • Hahn RA The nocebo phenomenon: concept, evidence, and implications for public health. Prev Med 1997, 26:607-611.
    • (1997) Prev Med , vol.26 , pp. 607-611
    • Hahn, R.A.1
  • 25
    • 1842447803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of therapeutics
    • McGraw Hill, New York, J.G. Hardman, L.E. Limbird (Eds.)
    • Nies AS Principles of therapeutics. Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 2001, 45-66. McGraw Hill, New York. ed 10. J.G. Hardman, L.E. Limbird (Eds.).
    • (2001) Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 45-66
    • Nies, A.S.1
  • 26
    • 0028245747 scopus 로고
    • Scientific and ethical issues in the use of placebo controls in clinical trials
    • Clark PI, Leaverton PE Scientific and ethical issues in the use of placebo controls in clinical trials. Annu Rev Public Health 1994, 15:19-38.
    • (1994) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.15 , pp. 19-38
    • Clark, P.I.1    Leaverton, P.E.2
  • 27
    • 84882457467 scopus 로고
    • FDA Draft: Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation of Anti-anginal Drugs, January 10
    • FDA Draft: Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation of Anti-anginal Drugs, January 10, 1989.
    • (1989)
  • 28
    • 0342902205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment
    • Hrobjartsson A, Gotzsche PC Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:1594-1602.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1594-1602
    • Hrobjartsson, A.1    Gotzsche, P.C.2
  • 29
    • 0014574745 scopus 로고
    • New aspects of the placebo response in angina pectoris
    • Amsterdam EA, Wolfson S, Gorlin R New aspects of the placebo response in angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1969, 24:305-306.
    • (1969) Am J Cardiol , vol.24 , pp. 305-306
    • Amsterdam, E.A.1    Wolfson, S.2    Gorlin, R.3
  • 30
    • 0037139277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory angina pectoris: mMechanism and therapeutic options
    • Kim MC, Kini A, Sharma SK Refractory angina pectoris: mMechanism and therapeutic options. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 39:923-934.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 923-934
    • Kim, M.C.1    Kini, A.2    Sharma, S.K.3
  • 31
    • 0025827730 scopus 로고
    • Exposing patients with chronic, stable, exertional angina to placebo periods in drug trials
    • Glasser SP, Clark PI, Lipicky RJ, et al. Exposing patients with chronic, stable, exertional angina to placebo periods in drug trials. JAMA 1991, 265:1550-1554.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 1550-1554
    • Glasser, S.P.1    Clark, P.I.2    Lipicky, R.J.3
  • 32
    • 0023025704 scopus 로고
    • Time course of long-term placebo therapy effects in angina pectoris
    • Boissel JP, Philippon AM, Gauthier E, et al. Time course of long-term placebo therapy effects in angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 1986, 7:1030-1036.
    • (1986) Eur Heart J , vol.7 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Boissel, J.P.1    Philippon, A.M.2    Gauthier, E.3
  • 34
    • 0025748846 scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic antianginal efficacy and continuous 24-hour application of transdermal nitroglycerin
    • Transdermal Nitroglycerin Cooperative Study Group Steering Committee
    • Acute and chronic antianginal efficacy and continuous 24-hour application of transdermal nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol 1991, 68:1263-1273. Transdermal Nitroglycerin Cooperative Study Group Steering Committee.
    • (1991) Am J Cardiol , vol.68 , pp. 1263-1273
  • 35
    • 0027993390 scopus 로고
    • Amlodipine reduces transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: double-blind circadian anti-ischemia program in Europe (CAPE Trial)
    • for the CAPE Study Group
    • Deanfield JE, Detry JRG, Lichen PR, et al. Amlodipine reduces transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: double-blind circadian anti-ischemia program in Europe (CAPE Trial). J Am Coll Cardiol 1994, 24:1460-1467. for the CAPE Study Group.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.24 , pp. 1460-1467
    • Deanfield, J.E.1    Detry, J.R.G.2    Lichen, P.R.3
  • 36
    • 0001587714 scopus 로고
    • Surgery as a placebo: a quantitative study in bias
    • Beecher HK Surgery as a placebo: a quantitative study in bias. JAMA 1961, 176:1102.
    • (1961) JAMA , vol.176 , pp. 1102
    • Beecher, H.K.1
  • 37
    • 33750600931 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of internal mammary artery ligation and sham operation for angina pectoris
    • Dimond EG, Kittle CF, Crockett JE Comparison of internal mammary artery ligation and sham operation for angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1960, 5:484.
    • (1960) Am J Cardiol , vol.5 , pp. 484
    • Dimond, E.G.1    Kittle, C.F.2    Crockett, J.E.3
  • 38
    • 70449243257 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of internal mammary artery ligation by double-blind technique
    • Cobb LA Evaluation of internal mammary artery ligation by double-blind technique. N Engl J Med 1959, 260:1115.
    • (1959) N Engl J Med , vol.260 , pp. 1115
    • Cobb, L.A.1
  • 39
    • 0023686249 scopus 로고
    • Sham therapy in coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis
    • Carver JR, Samuels F Sham therapy in coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. Pract Cardiol 1988, 14:81.
    • (1988) Pract Cardiol , vol.14 , pp. 81
    • Carver, J.R.1    Samuels, F.2
  • 41
    • 0034696987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatry: Are placebo-controlled drug trials ethical?
    • Enserink M Psychiatry: Are placebo-controlled drug trials ethical?. Science 2000, 288:416.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 416
    • Enserink, M.1
  • 42
    • 0034645408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trials are unethical in clinical hypertension research
    • Halpern SD, Karlawish JHT Placebo-controlled trials are unethical in clinical hypertension research. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:3167-3169.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 3167-3169
    • Halpern, S.D.1    Karlawish, J.H.T.2
  • 43
    • 0028070548 scopus 로고
    • The continuing unethical use of placebo controls
    • Rothman KJ, Michels KB The continuing unethical use of placebo controls. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:394-398.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 394-398
    • Rothman, K.J.1    Michels, K.B.2
  • 44
    • 0012191308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect in cardiovascular disease
    • McGraw Hill, New York, W.H. Frishman, E.H. Sonnenblick, D.A. Sica (Eds.)
    • Frishman WH, Lee W-N, Glasser SP, et al. The placebo effect in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics 2003, 15-25. McGraw Hill, New York. ed 2. W.H. Frishman, E.H. Sonnenblick, D.A. Sica (Eds.).
    • (2003) Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics , pp. 15-25
    • Frishman, W.H.1    Lee, W.-N.2    Glasser, S.P.3
  • 45
    • 27244462784 scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect in heart failure
    • Packer M The placebo effect in heart failure. Am Heart J 1990, 120:1579-1582.
    • (1990) Am Heart J , vol.120 , pp. 1579-1582
    • Packer, M.1
  • 46
    • 0031881823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in the mechanical efficiency of walking: An explanation for the "placebo effect" seen during repeated exercise testing of patients with heart failure. Duke University Clinical Cardiology Studies (DUCCS) Exercise Group
    • Russell SD, McNeer FR, Beere PA, et al. Improvement in the mechanical efficiency of walking: An explanation for the "placebo effect" seen during repeated exercise testing of patients with heart failure. Duke University Clinical Cardiology Studies (DUCCS) Exercise Group. Am Heart J 1998, 135:107-114.
    • (1998) Am Heart J , vol.135 , pp. 107-114
    • Russell, S.D.1    McNeer, F.R.2    Beere, P.A.3
  • 47
    • 0027083332 scopus 로고
    • Placebo treatment in congestive heart failure
    • Archer TP, Leier CV Placebo treatment in congestive heart failure. Cardiology 1992, 81:125-133.
    • (1992) Cardiology , vol.81 , pp. 125-133
    • Archer, T.P.1    Leier, C.V.2
  • 48
    • 0018316793 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of labetalol (Trandate), propranolol and placebo in the management of mild to moderate hypertension
    • Pugsley DJ, Nassim M, Armstrong BK, Beilin L A controlled trial of labetalol (Trandate), propranolol and placebo in the management of mild to moderate hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979, 7:63-68.
    • (1979) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 63-68
    • Pugsley, D.J.1    Nassim, M.2    Armstrong, B.K.3    Beilin, L.4
  • 49
    • 0017803489 scopus 로고
    • Acebutolol in hypertension: a double-blind trial against placebo
    • Martin MA, Phillips CA, Smith AJ Acebutolol in hypertension: a double-blind trial against placebo. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978, 6:351-356.
    • (1978) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 351-356
    • Martin, M.A.1    Phillips, C.A.2    Smith, A.J.3
  • 50
    • 0017390222 scopus 로고
    • Report of Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension: Randomized controlled trial of treatment for mild hypertension: design and pilot trial
    • Report of Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension: Randomized controlled trial of treatment for mild hypertension: design and pilot trial. Br Med J 1977, 1:1437-1440.
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 1437-1440
  • 51
    • 0017653357 scopus 로고
    • A comparative trial of clonidine, propranolol and placebo in the treatment of moderate hypertension
    • Wilkinson PR, Raftery EB A comparative trial of clonidine, propranolol and placebo in the treatment of moderate hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1977, 4:289-294.
    • (1977) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 289-294
    • Wilkinson, P.R.1    Raftery, E.B.2
  • 52
    • 0014200585 scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg
    • Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA 1967, 202:1028-1034. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents.
    • (1967) JAMA , vol.202 , pp. 1028-1034
  • 53
    • 0014952910 scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg
    • Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg. JAMA 1970, 213:1143-1152. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.213 , pp. 1143-1152
  • 55
    • 0025681402 scopus 로고
    • The effect of placebo on indirect and direct blood pressure measurements
    • Raftery EB, Gould BA The effect of placebo on indirect and direct blood pressure measurements. J Hypertens 1990, 8(Suppl 6):S93-100.
    • (1990) J Hypertens , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL.6
    • Raftery, E.B.1    Gould, B.A.2
  • 56
    • 0025904929 scopus 로고
    • Effect of placebo on 24-h non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure
    • Mutti E, Trazzi S, Omboni S, et al. Effect of placebo on 24-h non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure. J Hypertens 1991, 9:361-364.
    • (1991) J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 361-364
    • Mutti, E.1    Trazzi, S.2    Omboni, S.3
  • 57
    • 0024565836 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure measurements in the evaluation of blood pressure lowering drugs
    • O'Brien E, Cox GP, O'Malley K Ambulatory blood pressure measurements in the evaluation of blood pressure lowering drugs. J Hypertens 1989, 7:243-247.
    • (1989) J Hypertens , vol.7 , pp. 243-247
    • O'Brien, E.1    Cox, G.P.2    O'Malley, K.3
  • 58
    • 0024444388 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the assessment of antihypertensive therapy
    • Coats AJS, Conway J, Somers VK, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the assessment of antihypertensive therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1989, 3(Suppl 1):303-311.
    • (1989) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL.1 , pp. 303-311
    • Coats, A.J.S.1    Conway, J.2    Somers, V.K.3
  • 59
    • 0023785952 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of celiprolol by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
    • Parati G, Pomidossi G, Casadei R, et al. Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of celiprolol by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Cardiol 1988, 61:27C-33C.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.61
    • Parati, G.1    Pomidossi, G.2    Casadei, R.3
  • 60
    • 0024238477 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour blood pressure monitoring: Evaluation of Spacelabs 5300 monitor by comparison with intra-arterial blood pressure recording in ambulant subjects
    • Casadei R, Parati G, Pomidossi G, et al. Twenty-four hour blood pressure monitoring: Evaluation of Spacelabs 5300 monitor by comparison with intra-arterial blood pressure recording in ambulant subjects. J Hypertens 1988, 6:797-803.
    • (1988) J Hypertens , vol.6 , pp. 797-803
    • Casadei, R.1    Parati, G.2    Pomidossi, G.3
  • 61
    • 0023897054 scopus 로고
    • Does placebo lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients? A noninvasive chronobiological study
    • Portaluppi F, Strozzi C, degli Uberti E, et al. Does placebo lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients? A noninvasive chronobiological study. Jpn Heart J 1988, 29:189-197.
    • (1988) Jpn Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 189-197
    • Portaluppi, F.1    Strozzi, C.2    degli Uberti, E.3
  • 62
    • 0023113552 scopus 로고
    • Influence of observer's expectation on the placebo effect in blood pressure trials
    • Sassano P, Chatellier G, Corvol P, Menard J Influence of observer's expectation on the placebo effect in blood pressure trials. Curr Ther Res 1987, 41:304.
    • (1987) Curr Ther Res , vol.41 , pp. 304
    • Sassano, P.1    Chatellier, G.2    Corvol, P.3    Menard, J.4
  • 63
    • 9044243017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) Trial Investigators: ambulatory monitoring uncorrected for placebo overestimates long-term antihypertensive action
    • Staessen JA, Thijs L, Bieniaszewski L, et al. On behalf of the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) Trial Investigators: ambulatory monitoring uncorrected for placebo overestimates long-term antihypertensive action. Hypertension 1996, 27(3 Pt 1):414-420.
    • (1996) Hypertension , vol.27 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 414-420
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Thijs, L.2    Bieniaszewski, L.3
  • 64
    • 0343487983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijis H Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Lancet 1997, 350:757-763.
    • (1997) The Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 757-763
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Fagard, R.2    Thijis, H.3
  • 65
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991, 265:3255-3264. SHEP Cooperative Research Group.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 66
    • 0027489604 scopus 로고
    • Statistical considerations in monitoring the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • Davis BR, Wittes J, Pressel S, et al. Statistical considerations in monitoring the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Control Clin Trials 1993, 14:350-361.
    • (1993) Control Clin Trials , vol.14 , pp. 350-361
    • Davis, B.R.1    Wittes, J.2    Pressel, S.3
  • 67
    • 0030758081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term tolerability of enalapril in hypertensive patients with renal impairment
    • Keane WF, Polis A, Wolf D, et al. The long-term tolerability of enalapril in hypertensive patients with renal impairment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997, 12(Suppl 2):75-81.
    • (1997) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL.2 , pp. 75-81
    • Keane, W.F.1    Polis, A.2    Wolf, D.3
  • 68
    • 0018905388 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous variability of complex ventricular arrhythmias detected by long-term electrocardiographic recording
    • Michelson EL, Morganroth J Spontaneous variability of complex ventricular arrhythmias detected by long-term electrocardiographic recording. Circulation 1980, 61:690-695.
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.61 , pp. 690-695
    • Michelson, E.L.1    Morganroth, J.2
  • 69
    • 0023191537 scopus 로고
    • Application of a frequency definition of ventricular proarrhythmia
    • Morganroth J, Borland M, Chao G Application of a frequency definition of ventricular proarrhythmia. Am J Cardiol 1987, 59:97-99.
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 97-99
    • Morganroth, J.1    Borland, M.2    Chao, G.3
  • 70
    • 0024321898 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction
    • The CAST Investigators
    • Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:406-412. The CAST Investigators.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 406-412
  • 71
    • 0026066811 scopus 로고
    • Events in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: baseline predictors of mortality in placebo-treated patients
    • the CAST Investigators
    • Capone RJ, Pawitan Y, El-Sherif N, et al. Events in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: baseline predictors of mortality in placebo-treated patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991, 18:1434-1438. the CAST Investigators.
    • (1991) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.18 , pp. 1434-1438
    • Capone, R.J.1    Pawitan, Y.2    El-Sherif, N.3
  • 72
    • 0021349709 scopus 로고
    • The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results, II: the relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering
    • Lipid Research Clinics Program
    • The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results, II: the relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA 1984, 251:365-374. Lipid Research Clinics Program.
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.251 , pp. 365-374
  • 73
    • 0027946279 scopus 로고
    • Adherence to aspirin in the prevention of myocardial infarction: the Physicians' Heart Study
    • Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Adherence to aspirin in the prevention of myocardial infarction: the Physicians' Heart Study. Arch Intern Med 1994, 154:2649-2657.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2649-2657
    • Glynn, R.J.1    Buring, J.E.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 74
    • 0029758502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials: design flaws associated with use of a placebo
    • Cleophas TJM Clinical trials: design flaws associated with use of a placebo. Am J Ther 1996, 3:529.
    • (1996) Am J Ther , vol.3 , pp. 529
    • Cleophas, T.J.M.1
  • 75
    • 0035922438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethics of placebo-controlled trial: a middle ground
    • Emanuel EJ, Miller F The ethics of placebo-controlled trial: a middle ground. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:915-919.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 915-919
    • Emanuel, E.J.1    Miller, F.2
  • 76
    • 0034102525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why use placebo in clinical trials? A narrative review of the methodological literature
    • Vickers AJ, Craen A Why use placebo in clinical trials? A narrative review of the methodological literature. J Clin E idemiol 2000, 53:157-161.
    • (2000) J Clin E idemiol , vol.53 , pp. 157-161
    • Vickers, A.J.1    Craen, A.2
  • 77
    • 0005287234 scopus 로고
    • Active control trials: do they address the efficacy issue?
    • Pledger GW, Hall D Active control trials: do they address the efficacy issue?. Proc Am Stat Soc 1986, 1-10.
    • (1986) Proc Am Stat Soc , pp. 1-10
    • Pledger, G.W.1    Hall, D.2
  • 78
    • 0035173214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active control trials: how would a new agent compare with placebo? A method illustrated with clopidogrel, aspirin, and placebo
    • Fisher LD, Gent M, Büller HR Active control trials: how would a new agent compare with placebo? A method illustrated with clopidogrel, aspirin, and placebo. Am Heart J 2001, 141:26-32.
    • (2001) Am Heart J , vol.141 , pp. 26-32
    • Fisher, L.D.1    Gent, M.2    Büller, H.R.3
  • 79
    • 0000601871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
    • World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki
    • Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2000, 284:3043-3046. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 3043-3046
  • 80
    • 0028870680 scopus 로고
    • The use of placebo controls (correspondence)
    • Cagliano S, Traversa G The use of placebo controls (correspondence). N Engl J Med 1995, 332:60.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 60
    • Cagliano, S.1    Traversa, G.2
  • 81
    • 0035874610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controls in short-term clinical trials of hypertension
    • AI-Khatib SM, Califf RM, Hasselblad V, et al. Placebo-controls in short-term clinical trials of hypertension. Science 2001, 292:2013-2015.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 2013-2015
    • AI-Khatib, S.M.1    Califf, R.M.2    Hasselblad, V.3
  • 82
    • 0027376215 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure management: individualized treatment based on absolute risk and the potential for benefit
    • Alderman MH Blood pressure management: individualized treatment based on absolute risk and the potential for benefit. Ann Intern Med 1993, 119:329-335.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 329-335
    • Alderman, M.H.1
  • 83
    • 0034687072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo controlled trials and active controlled trials in the evaluation of new treatments, part 1: ethical and scientific issues
    • Temple R, Ellenberg SS Placebo controlled trials and active controlled trials in the evaluation of new treatments, part 1: ethical and scientific issues. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:455-463.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , pp. 455-463
    • Temple, R.1    Ellenberg, S.S.2
  • 84
    • 0034687076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo controlled trials and active-control trials in the evaluation of new treatments, part 2: practical issues and specific cases
    • Ellenberg SS, Temple R Placebo controlled trials and active-control trials in the evaluation of new treatments, part 2: practical issues and specific cases. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:464-470.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , pp. 464-470
    • Ellenberg, S.S.1    Temple, R.2
  • 85
    • 84882552045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. The use of placebo controls in clinical trials: report 2-A-1996. Chicago, American Medical Association
    • American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. The use of placebo controls in clinical trials: report 2-A-1996. Chicago, 1996, American Medical Association.
    • (1996)
  • 86
    • 12244277119 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of psychotropic drugs for psychiatric disorders: principles and proposed guidelines
    • Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle
    • Grof P, Akhter MI, Campbell M, et al. Clinical evaluation of psychotropic drugs for psychiatric disorders: principles and proposed guidelines. WHO Expert Series on Biological Psychiatry 1993, 2:28-29. Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle.
    • (1993) WHO Expert Series on Biological Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 28-29
    • Grof, P.1    Akhter, M.I.2    Campbell, M.3
  • 87
    • 0003433351 scopus 로고
    • Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences, Geneva
    • International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects 1993, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences, Geneva.
    • (1993) International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects
  • 88
    • 0016860203 scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect, a neglected asset in the care of patients
    • Benson H, Epstein MD The placebo effect, a neglected asset in the care of patients. JAMA 1975, 232:1225-1227.
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.232 , pp. 1225-1227
    • Benson, H.1    Epstein, M.D.2
  • 89
    • 0002483093 scopus 로고
    • The powerful placebo revisited: magnitude of non specific effects
    • Roberts AH The powerful placebo revisited: magnitude of non specific effects. Mind/Body Med 1995, 1:35.
    • (1995) Mind/Body Med , vol.1 , pp. 35
    • Roberts, A.H.1
  • 90
    • 0028945636 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the behavior pattern on the nocebo response of healthy volunteers
    • Drici MD, Raybaud F, DeLunardo C, et al. Influence of the behavior pattern on the nocebo response of healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995, 39:204.
    • (1995) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 204
    • Drici, M.D.1    Raybaud, F.2    DeLunardo, C.3
  • 91
    • 0242525148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics of placebo use in pediatric clinical trials. The case of antihypertensive drug studies
    • Flynn JT Ethics of placebo use in pediatric clinical trials. The case of antihypertensive drug studies. Hypertension 2003, 42:865-869.
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , pp. 865-869
    • Flynn, J.T.1
  • 92
    • 1342309945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues concerning research in complementary and alternative medicine
    • Miller FG, Emanuel EJ, Rosenstein DL, Straus SE Ethical issues concerning research in complementary and alternative medicine. JAMA 2004, 291:599-604.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 599-604
    • Miller, F.G.1    Emanuel, E.J.2    Rosenstein, D.L.3    Straus, S.E.4
  • 93
    • 5144227830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect
    • Arnstein P The placebo effect. Sem Integr Med 2003, 1:125-135.
    • (2003) Sem Integr Med , vol.1 , pp. 125-135
    • Arnstein, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.