Cognitive impairments in the locked-in syndrome: A case report

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 86, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 338-343

  New, Peter W ^a,b   Thomas, Sonia J ^a  

^a Kingston Centre   (Australia)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Case report; Cerebrovascular accident; Cognition disorders; Locked in syndrome; Pons; Recovery of function; Rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BASILAR ARTERY; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BRAIN REGION; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONVALESCENCE; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSARTHRIA; EDUCATION; FOOD INTAKE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HOME; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LEARNING DISORDER; LOCKED IN SYNDROME; MALE; MENTAL CONCENTRATION; MENTAL FUNCTION; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MOBILIZATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; PATHOLOGICAL CRYING; PATHOLOGICAL LAUGHTER; PERCEPTION DISORDER; PONS; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF CARE; SKILL; STROKE; SWALLOWING; SYMPTOM; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEGMENTUM; VASCULAR PATENCY; WALKING AID;

EID: 13444256267     PISSN: 00039993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.005     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. F. Plum, J. Poser Diagnosis of stupor and coma 1966 Davis Philadelphia: FA
2. J.S. Karp, H.I. Hurtig "Locked-in" state with bilateral midbrain infarcts Arch Neurol 30 1974 176 178
3. J.R. Patterson, M. Grabois Locked-in syndrome a review of 139 cases Stroke 17 1986 758 764
4. A.J. Haig, R.T. Katz, V. Sahgal Locked-in syndrome a review Curr Concepts Rehabil Med 3 1986 12 16
5. G. Bauer, E. Gerstenbrood, I.E. Rump Varieties of the locked-in syndrome J Neurol 221 1979 77 91
6. M. Cherington, J. Stears, J. Hodges Locked-in syndrome caused by a tumor Neurology 26 1976 180 182
7. B. Messert, W.W. Orrison, M.J. Hawkins, C.E. Quaglieri Central pontine myelinolysis considerations on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment Neurology 29 1979 147 160
8. M.J. Murphy, D.W. Brenton, C.A. Aschenbrener, J.C. Van Glider Locked-in syndrome caused by a solitary pontine abscess J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42 1979 1062 1065
9. A.J. Haig, R.T. Katz, V. Sahgal Mortality and complications of the locked-in syndrome Arch Phys Med Rehabil 68 1987 24 27
10. E. Casanova, R.E. Lazzari, S. Lotta, A. Mazzucchi Locked-in syndrome improvement in the prognosis after an early intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84 2003 862 867
11. A.S. Buchman, M.D. Wichter Recovery following the locked-in syndrome [letter] Stroke 17 1986 558
12. R.K. Khurana, A.A. Genut, G.D. Yannakakis Locked-in syndrome with recovery Ann Neurol 8 1979 439 441
13. E.A. McCusker, R.A. Rudick, G.W. Honch, R.C. Griggs Recovery from the locked-in syndrome Arch Neurol 39 1982 145 147
14. D. Herderschee Prediction of outcome in ischaemic locked-in syndrome importance of the time of angiographic findings Eur J Med 1 1992 367 379
15. P. Dolifus, P.L. Milos, A. Chapuis, P. Real, M. Orenstein, J.W. Soutter The locked-in syndrome a review and presentation of two chronic cases Paraplegia 28 1990 5 16
16. J. León-Carrión, P. Van Eeckhout, MdelR. Domínguez-Morales The locked-in syndrome a syndrome looking for a therapy Brain Inj 16 2002 555 569
17. S.F. Cappa, L.A. Vignolo Locked-in syndrome for 12 years with preserved intelligence [letter] Ann Neurol 11 1982 545
18. S.F. Cappa, C. Pirovano, L.A. Vignolo Chronic 'locked-in' syndrome psychological study of a case Eur Neurol 24 1985 107 111
19. P. Allain, P.A. Joseph, J.L. Isambert, L.G. Didier, J. Emile Cognitive functions in chronic locked-in syndrome a report of two cases Cortex 34 1998 629 634
20. J. León-Carrión, P. Van Eeckhout, MdelR. Domínguez-Morales, F.J. Pérez-Santamaría The locked-in syndrome a syndrome looking for a therapy Brain Inj 16 2002 571 582
21. M. Van Zandvoort, E. de Haan, J. Van Gun, L. Jaap Kappelle Cognitive functioning in patients with a small infarct in the brainstem J Int Neuropsychol Soc 9 2003 490 494
22. I. Richard, Y. Péreon, P. Guiheneu, B. Nogues, B. Perrouin-Verbe, J.F. Mathe Persistence of distal motor control in the locked in syndrome. Review of 11 patients Paraplegia 33 1995 640 646
23. Guide for the Uniform Data Set for Medical Rehabilitation (including the FIM instrument), version 5.1 1997 State Univ New York Buffalo
24. A.W. Heinemann, J.M. Linacre, B.D. Wright, B.B. Hamilton, C.V. Granger Relationships between impairment and physical disability as measured by the Functional Independence Measure Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74 1993 566 573
25. B. Millner Visually-guided maze learning in man effects of bilateral hippocampal, bilateral frontal and unilateral cerebral lesions Neuropsychologia 3 1965 317 338
26. K.W. Walsh Neuropsychology a clinical approach 1978 Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh
27. S.C. Bowden, J. Dumendzic, C. Clifford, J. Hooper, A. Tucker, G. Kinsella Healthy adults' performance on the Austin Maze Clin Neuropsychol 6 1992 43 52
28. A. Rey L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encephalopathie traumatique Arch Psychol 28 1941 286 340
29. P.A. Osterrieth Le test de copie d'une figure complex contribution a l'etude de la perception et de la memoire Arch Psychol 30 1944 286 356
30. J. Corwin, F.W. Byslma Translations of excerpts from Andre Rey's Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy and P.A. Osterrieth's The Complex Figure Copy Test Clin Neuropsychol 7 1993 4 21
31. D. Wechsler Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Version Three 1998 Psychological Corp San Antonio
32. J.M. Sattler Assessment of children 3rd ed. 1988 Sattler San Diego
33. O. Spreen, E. Strauss A compendium of neuropsychological tests administrator, norms, and commentary 2nd ed. 1998 University Pr New York
34. D. Wechsler Wechsler Memory Scale-Version Three 1998 Psychological Corp San Antonio
35. A. Smith Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) manual revised 1982 Western Psychological Services Los Angeles
36. Army individual battery manual of directions and scoring 1944 War Department, Adjutant General's Office Washington (DC)
37. J.E. Partington, R.G. Leiter Partington's pathway test Psychol Serv Centre Bull 1 1949 9 20
38. M.D. Lezak Neuropsychological assessment 3rd ed. 1995 University Pr New York
39. H.E. Hooper The Hooper Visual Organization Test. Manual 1958 Western Psychological Services Beverly Hills
40. E.A. Berg A simple objective treatment for measuring flexibility in thinking J Gen Psychol 39 1948 15 22
41. R.K. Heaton, G.J. Chelune, J.L. Talley, G.G. Kay, G. Curtis Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Manual revised & expanded 1993 Psychological Assessment Resources Odessa
42. N. Mauss-Clum, M. Cole, T. McCort, D. Eifler Locked-in syndrome a team approach J Neurosci Nurs 23 1991 273 286
43. The Psychological Corporation WAIS-III/WMS-III technical manual 1997 Harcourt Brace San Antonio
44. J.D. Schmahmann, D.N. Pandya Prefrontal cortex projections to the basilar pons in rhesus monkey implications for the cerebellar contribution to higher cognition Neurosci Lett 199 1995 175 178
45. J.D. Schmahmann From movement to thought anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing Hum Brain Mapp 4 1996 174 198
46. T. Steckler, W. Inglis, P. Winn, A. Sahgal The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus a role in cognitive processes? Brain Res Rev 19 1994 298 318
47. B.J. Everitt, T.W. Robbins Central cholinergic systems and cognition Annu Rev Psychol 48 1997 649 684
48. T. Botez-Marquard, M.I. Botez Cognitive behavior in heredodegenerative ataxias Eur Neurol 35 1993 351 357
49. J. Grafman, I. Litvan, S. Massaquoi, B.A. Stewart, A. Sirigu, M. Hallett Cognitive planning deficit in patients with cerebellar atrophy Neurology 42 1992 1493 1496
50. R. Bracke-Tolkmitt, A. Linden, A.G. Canavan The cerebellum contributes to mental skills Behav Neurosci 103 1989 442 446
51. J.A. Fiez, S.E. Petersen, M.K. Cheney, M.E. Raichle Impaired non-motor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damage Brain 115 1992 155 178
52. M.D. Chafetz, A.L. Friedman, C.G. Kevorkian, J.K. Levy The cerebellum and cognitive function implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77 1996 1303 1308
53. J.D. Schmahmann, J.C. Sherman The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome Brain 121 1998 561 579
54. B. Wild, F.A. Rodden, W. Grodd, W. Ruch Neural correlates of laughter and humour Brain Inj 126 2003 2121 2138