Reference values for peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes applicable to the healthy adult population in Switzerland

European Journal of Haematology

Volumn 72, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 203-212

  Bisset, Leslie R ^a,b   Lung, Thomas L ^a,c   Kaelin, Matthias ^a,c   Ludwig, Elisabeth ^a   Dubs, Rolf W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c Enzym Labor Dr H Weber   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Flow cytometry; Lymphocytes; Peripheral blood; Reference values; Switzerland

Indexed keywords

CD3 ANTIGEN; CD38 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; HLA DR ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; PADGEM PROTEIN;

ACCURACY; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; BLOOD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MALE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NORMAL HUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REFERENCE VALUE; SWITZERLAND; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ANTIGENS, CD; BLOOD DONORS; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMANS; IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; REFERENCE VALUES; SEX FACTORS; SWITZERLAND; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 1342322721     PISSN: 09024441     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-4441.2003.00199.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. MCCOY JP Jr, KEREN DF. Current practices in clinical flow cytometry. A practice survey by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111:161-168.
2. MCCOY JP Jr, OVERTON WR. Quality control in flow cytometry for diagnostic pathology: II. A conspectus of reference ranges for lymphocyte immunophenotyping. Cytometry 1994;18:129-139.
3. TOLLERUD DJ, CLARK JW, BROWN LM, NEULAND CY, PANKIW-TROST LK, BLATTNER WA, HOOVER RN. The influence of age, race, and gender on peripheral blood mononuclear-cell subsets in healthy nonsmokers. J Clin Immunol 1989;9:214-222.
4. SANTAGOSTINO A, GARBACCIO G, PISTORIO A, BOLIS V, CAMISASCA G, PAGLIARO P, GIROTTO M. An Italian national multicenter study for the definition of reference ranges for normal values of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy adults. Haematologica 1999;84:499-504.
5. ANGLARET X, DIAGBOUGA S, MORTIER E, et al. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in HIV infection: are European standards applicable to African patients? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1997;14:361-367.
6. UPPAL SS, VERMA S, DHOT PS. Normal values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in healthy Indian adults and the effects of sex, age, ethnicity, and smoking. Cytometry 2003;52B:32-36.
7. VITHAYASAI V, SIRISANTHANA T, SAKONWASUN C, SUVANPIYASIRI C. Flow cytometric analysis of T-lymphocytes subsets in adult Thais. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1997;15:141-146.
8. URASSA WK, MBENA EM, SWAI AB, GAINES H, MHALU FS, BIBERFELD G. Lymphocyte subset enumeration in HIV seronegative and HIV-1 seropositive adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: determination of reference values in males and females and comparison of two flow cytometric methods. J Immunol Methods 2003;277:65-74.
9. HASSIG A. 50 years of blood transfusion services of the Swiss Red Cross. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1991;121:156-159.
10. ROMEU MA, MESTRE M, GONZALEZ L, VALLS A, VERDAGUER J, COROMINAS M, BAS J, MASSIF E, BUENDIA E. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in normal adults. Comparison of fresh whole blood lysis technique, Ficoll-Paque separation and cryopreservation. J Immunol Methods 1992;154:7-10.
11. BRYANT JA, WYLIE BR, YUAN FF, RIBEIRO A, THOMSON AR, COOLEY MA, FLETCHER A. Effect of blood donation on the establishment of normal ranges of lymphocyte subsets. Transfusion 1996;36:559-566.
12. ANONYMOUS. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J Postgrad Med 2002;48:206-208.
13. ANONYMOUS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997 revised guidelines for performing CD4+ T-cell determinations in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46: 1-29.
14. MANDY FF, BERGERON M, RECKTENWALD D, IZAGUIRRE CA. A simultaneous three-color T cell subsets analysis with single laser flow cytometers using T cell gating protocol. Comparison with conventional two-color immunophenotyping method. J Immunol Methods 1992;156:151-162.
15. WHITBY L, GRANGER V, STORIE I, GOODFELLOW K, SAWLE A, REILLY JT, BARNETT D. Quality control of CD4+ T-lymphocyte enumeration: results from the last 9 years of the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immune Monitoring (1993-2001). Cytometry 2002;50:102-110.
16. SCHOONJANS F, ZALATA A, DEPUYDT CE, COMHAIRE FH. MedCalc: a new computer program for medical statistics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1995;48:257-262.
17. PETITCLERC C, WILDING P. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Scientific Committee, Clinical Section. The theory of reference values. Part 2. Selection of individuals for the production of reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1984;22:203-208.
18. GRATAMA JW, KRAAN J, KEENEY M, GRANGER V, BARNETT D. Reduction of variation in T-cell subset enumeration among 55 laboratories using single-platform, three or four-color flow cytometry based on CD45 and SSC-based gating of lymphocytes. Cytometry 2002;50:92-101.
19. MANDY F, BERGERON M, HOULE G, BRADLEY J, FAHEY J. Impact of the international program for quality assessment and standardization for immunological measures Relevant to HIV/AIDS: QASI. Cytometry 2002;50:111-116.
20. GERMAIN RN, STEFANOVA I. The dynamics of T cell receptor signaling: complex orchestration and the key roles of tempo and cooperation. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17: 467-522.
21. ELLMEIER W, SAWADA S, LITTMAN DR. The regulation of CD4 and CD8 coreceptor gene expression during T cell development. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:523-554.
22. GABRIEL H, SCHMITT B, KINDERMANN W. Age-related increase of CD45RO+ lymphocytes in physically active adults. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:2704-2706.
23. MCNERLAN SE, ALEXANDER HD, REA IM. Age-related reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets in whole blood of healthy individuals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1999;59:89-92.
24. MAINI MK, GILSON RJ, CHAVDA N, GILL S, FAKOYA A, Ross EJ, PHILLIPS AN, WELLER IV. Reference ranges and sources of variability of CD4 counts in HIV-seronegative women and men. Genitourin Med 1996;72:27-31.
25. REICHERT T, DEBRUYERE M, DENEYS V, et al. Lymphocyte subset reference ranges in adult Caucasians. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1991;60:190-208.
26. SANSONI P, COSSARIZZA A, BRIANTI V, et al. Lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell activity in healthy old people and centenarians. Blood 1993;82:2767-2773.
27. UTSUYAMA M, HIROKAWA K, KURASHIMA C, FUKAYAMA M, INAMATSU T, SUZUKI K, HASHIMOTO W, SATO K. Differential age-change in the numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD4+CD29+ T cell subsets in human peripheral blood. Mech Ageing Dev 1992;63:57-68.
28. XU X, BECKMAN I, AHERN M, BRADLEY J. A comprehensive analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy aged humans by flow cytometry. Immunol Cell Biol 1993;71(Pt 6):549-557.
29. STULNIG T, MACZEK C, BOCK G, MAJDIC O, WICK G. Reference intervals for human peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations from 'healthy' young and aged subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995;108:205-210.
30. UCKUN FM, BURKHARDT AL, JARVIS L, JUN X, STEALEY B, DIBIRDIK I, MYERS DE, TUEL-AHLGREN L, BOLEN JB. Signal transduction through the CD19 receptor during discrete developmental stages of human B-cell ontogeny. J Biol Chem 1993;268:21172-21184.
31. DEANS JP, KALT L, LEDBETTER JA, SCHIEVEN GL, BOLEN JB, JOHNSON P. Association of 75/80-kDa phosphoproteins and the tyrosine kinases Lyn, Fyn, and Lck with the B cell molecule CD20. Evidence against involvement of the cytoplasmic regions of CD20. J Biol Chem 1995;270:22632-22638.
32. LOKEN MR, SHAH VO, DATTILIO KL, CIVIN CI. Flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow. II. Normal B lymphocyte development. Blood 1987;70:1316-1324.
33. DENEYS V, MAZZON AM, MARQUES JL, BENOIT H, DE BRUYERE M. Reference values for peripheral blood B-lymphocyte subpopulations: a basis for multiparametric immunophenotyping of abnormal lymphocytes. J Immunol Methods 2001;253:23-36.
34. VUILLIER F, SCOTT-ALGARA D, DIGHIERO G. Extensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets in normal subjects by three-color immunofluorescence. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 1991;33:31-38.
35. GINALDI L, DE MARTINIS M, D'OSTILIO A, MARINI L, LORETO F, MODESTI M, QUAGLINO D. Changes in the expression of surface receptors on lymphocyte subsets in the elderly: quantitative flow cytometric analysis. Am J Hematol 2001;67:63-72.
36. LANIER LL, TESTI R, BINDL J, PHILLIPS JH. Identity of Leu-19 (CD56) leukocyte differentiation antigen and neural cell adhesion molecule. J Exp Med 1989;169:2233-2238.
37. COOPER MA, FEHNIGER TA, CALIGIURI MA. The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets. Trends Immunol 2001;22:633-640.
38. WATTS C. Capture and processing of exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:821-850.
39. HERCEND T, RITZ J, SCHLOSSMAN SF, REINHERZ EL. Comparative expression of T9, T10, and Ia antigens on activated human T cell subsets. Hum Immunol 1981;3:247-259.
40. FERRERO E, MALAVASI F. The metamorphosis of a molecule: from soluble enzyme to the leukocyte receptor CD38. J Leukoc Biol 1999;65:151-161.
41. REINHERZ EL, KUNG PC, GOLDSTEIN G, LEVEY RH, SCHLOSSMAN SF. Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T-cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;77:1588-1592.
42. LOWENTHAL JW, CORTHESY P, TOUGNE C, LEES R, MACDONALD HR, NABHOLZ M. High and low affinity IL 2 receptors: analysis by IL 2 dissociation rate and reactivity with monoclonal anti-receptor antibody PC61. J Immunol 1985;135:3988-3994.
43. MCCLOSKEY TW, CAVALIERE T, BAKSHI S, HARPER R, FAGIN J, KOHN N, PAHWA S. Immunophenotyping of T lymphocytes by three-color flow cytometry in healthy newborns, children, and adults. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997;84:46-55.
44. HORIKOSHI H, KINOMOTO M, SASAO F, MUKAI T, LUFTIG RB, IKUTA K. Differential susceptibility of resting CD4(+) T lymphocytes to a T-tropic and a macrophage (M)-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with their surface expression of CD38 molecules. Virus Res 2001;73:1-16.
45. BISSET LR, CONE RW, HUBER W, BATTEGAY M, VERNAZZA PL, WEBER R, GROB PJ, OPRAVIL M. Highly active antiretroviral therapy during early HIV infection reverses T-cell activation and maturation abnormalities. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. AIDS 1998;12:2115-2123.
46. PARKER JW, ADELSBERG B, AZEN SP, et al. Leukocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in a multisite study, standardization, quality control, and normal values in the transfusion safety study. The transfusion safety study group. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1990;55:187-220.
47. KRAMER G, STEINER GE, SOKOL P, MALLONE R, AMANN G, MARBERGER M. Loss of CD38 correlates with simultaneous up-regulation of human leukocyte antigen-DR in benign prostatic glands, but not in fetal or androgen-ablated glands, and is strongly related to gland atrophy. BJU Int 2003;91:409-416.
48. TROWBRIDGE IS, THOMAS ML. CD45: an emerging role as a protein tyrosine phosphatase required for lymphocyte activation and development. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:85-116.
49. SERRA HM, KROWKA JF, LEDBETTER JA, PILARSKI LM. Loss of CD45R (Lp220) represents a post-thymic T cell differentiation event. J Immunol 1988;140:1435-1441.
50. de JONG R, BROUWER M, MIEDEMA F, van LIER RA. HUMAN CD8+ T lymphocytes can be divided into CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells with different requirements for activation and differentiation. J Immunol 1991;146:2088-2094.
51. PICKER LJ, TREER JR, FERGUSON-DARNELL B, COLLINS PA, BUCK D, TERSTAPPEN LW. Control of lymphocyte recirculation in man. I. Differential regulation of the peripheral lymph node homing receptor L-selection on T cells during the virgin to memory cell transition. J Immunol 1993;150: 1105-1121.
52. KANSAS GS, WOOD GS, FISHWILD DM, ENGLEMAN EG. Functional characterization of human T lymphocyte subsets distinguished by monoclonal anti-leu-8. J Immunol 1985;134:2995-3002.
53. ROEDERER M, DUBS JG, ANDERSON MT, RAJU PA, HERZENBERG LA. CD8 naive T cell counts decrease progressively in HIV-infected adults. J Clin Invest 1995;95: 2061-2066.
54. GIORGI JV, HAUSNER MA, HULTIN LE. Detailed immunophenotype of CD8+ memory cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV-1 with respect to expression of CD45RA/RO, CD62L and CD28 antigens. Immunol Lett 1999;66:105-110.
55. HULSTAERT F, HANNET I, DENEYS V, MUNHYESHULI V, REICHERT T, DE BRUYERE M, STRAUSS K. Age-related changes in human blood lymphocyte subpopulations. II. Varying kinetics of percentage and absolute count meas-urements. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994;70:152-158.