Separation anxiety and overanxious disorders: Relations to age and level of psychosocial maturity

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1000-1007

  Michiel Westenberg, P ^a,b   Siebelink, Berend M ^a   Warmenhoven, Nathalie J C ^b   Treffers, Philip D A ^a  

^a Acad Ctr Child and Adol Psychiat   (Netherlands)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Development; Overanxious disorder; Psychosocial; Separation anxiety disorder

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; CHILD; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMPULSIVENESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATURITY; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEPARATION ANXIETY; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 13044313487     PISSN: 08908567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199908000-00016     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. American Psychiatrie Association (1987), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition-revised (DSM-III-R). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
2. , American Psychiatric Association (1994), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-1V). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
3. Anderson JC, Williams S, McGee R, Silva PA (1987), DSM-IU disorders in préadolescent children. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:69-76
4. Borst SR, Noam G (1993), Developmental psychopathology in suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescent girls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32: 501-508
5. Cantwell DP, Baker L (1989), Stability and natural history of DSM-IU childhood diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:691-700
6. Cantwell DP, Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, SeeleyJR (1997), Correspondence between adolescent report and parent report of psychiatric diagnostic data. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:610-619
7. Carlson VK, Westenberg PM (1998), Cross-cultural research with the WUSCT. In: Technical Foundations for Measuring Ego Development, ' Loevinger J, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp 57-75
8. Cohn LD (1991), Sex differences in the course of personality development: : a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 109:252-266
9. Cohn LD (1998), Age trends in personality development: a quantitative review. In: Personality Development: Theoretical, Empirical, and ClinicalInvestiga'tions of Loevinger's Conception of Ego Development, Westenberg PM, Blasi A, Cohn LD, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp 133-143
10. Costello EJ, Costello AJ, Edelbrock G et al. (1988), Psychiatric disorders in pédiatrie primary care: prevalence and risk factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:1107-1116
11. Crowell JA, Waters E (1990), Separation anxiety. In: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, Lewis M, Miller SM, eds. New York: Plenum, pp 209-218
12. Dill DL, Noam GG (1990), Ego development and treatment requests. Psychiatry 53:85-91
13. Gfellner BM (1986), Changes in ego and moral development in adolescents: a longitudinal study. / Youth Adolesc 15:147-163
14. Halpern E, Ellis S, Simon F (1990), Developmental changes in separation anxiety in childhood. Anxiety Res 2:133-146
15. Hauser ST (1976), Loevinger's model and measure of ego development. Psychol Bull 83:928-955
16. Hy LX, Loevinger J (1996), Measuring Ego Development, 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
17. Kashani JH, Orvaschel H (1988), Anxiety disorders in mid-adolescence: a community sample. Am j Psychiatry 145:960-964
18. Kashani JH, Orvaschel H (1990), A community study of anxiety in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 147:313-318
19. Kazdin AE (1989), Developmental psychopathology: current research, issues, and directions. Am Psychol44:180-187
20. Kirshner LA (1988), Implications of Loevingers theory of ego development for time-limited psychotherapy. Psychotherapy 25:220-226
21. Kleinbaum DG (1994), Logistic Regression. New York: Springer-Verlag
22. Krebs DL, van Hesteren F (1994), The development of altruism: toward an imegrative model. Dev Rev 14:103-158
23. Last CG, Hersen M, Kazdin AE, Finkelstein R, Strauss CC (1987), Comparison of DSM-separation anxiety and overanxious disorders: demographic characteristics and patterns of comorbidity. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:527-531
24. Loevinger J (1976), Ego Development; Conceptions and Theories. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
25. Loevinger J (1985), Revision of the Sentence Completion Test for Ego DeveIopment. J Prss Soc Psychbol 48:420-427
26. Loevinger J (1993), Measurement of personality, true or false. Psychol Inquiry 4:1-16
27. Loevinger J, ed (1998), Technical Foundations for Measuring Ego Development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
28. Marks I (1987), The development of normal fear: a review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 28:667-697
29. McGee R, Feehan M, Williams S, Anderson J (1992), DSM-disorders from age 11 to age 15 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:50-59
30. McGee R, Feehan M, Williams S, Partridge F, Silva PA, KellyJ (1990), DSM-disorders in a large sample of adolescents. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Pych!any29:611-619
31. Miller SM, Boyer BA, Rodoletz M (1990), Anxiety in children: nature and development. In: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, Lewis M, Miller SM, eds. New York: Plenum, pp 191-207
32. Rierdan J (1998), Ego development, pubertal development, and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. In: Personality Development: Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Investigations of Loevingers Conception of Ego Development, Westenberg PM, Blasi A, Cohn LD, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp 253-269
33. Silverman WK (1991), Diagnostic reliability of anxiety disorders in children using structured interviews. J Anxiety Disord 5:105-124
34. Silverman WK, Eisen AR (1992), Age différences in the reliability of parent and child reports of child anxious symptomatology using a structured interview. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:117-124
35. Silverman WK, LaGreca AM, Wasserstein S (1995), What do children worry about? Worries and their relation to anxiety. Child Dev 66:671-686
36. Silverman WK, Nelles WB (1988), The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children. JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:772-778
37. Silverman WK, Rabian B (1995), Test-retest reliability of the DSM-HI-R childhood anxiety disorders symptoms using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children. J Anxiety Disord 9:139-150
38. Snarey J (1998), Ego development and the ethical voices of justice and care: an eriksonian interpretation. In: Personality Development: Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Investigations of Loevingers Conception of Ego Development, Westenbcrg PM, Blasi A, Cohn LD, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp 163-180
39. Tracey SA, Chorpita BF, Douban J, Barlow DH (1997), Empirical evaluation of DSM-IVgeneralized anxiety disorder criteria in children and adolescents./ Clin Child Psychol 26:404-414
40. Treffers PD, Goedhart AW, Waltz JW, Koudijs E (1990), The systematic collection of patient data in a centre for child and adolescent psychiatry. BrJPsychiatry 157:744-748
41. Verhulst FC, van der Ende J (1992), Agreement between parents' reports and adolescents' self-reports of problem behavior. / Child Psychol Psychiatry 33:1011-1023
42. Wenar C (1990), Childhood fears and phobias. In: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, Lewis M, Miller SM, eds. New York: Plenum, pp 281-290
43. Westenberg PM, Blasi A, Cohn LD, eds (1998a), Personality Development: Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Investigations of Loevinger's Conception of Ego Development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
44. Westenberg PM, Block J (1993), Ego development and individual differences in personality. /Pen Soc Psychol65:792-800
45. Westenberg PM, Gjerde PF (1999), Ego development during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: a nine-year longitudinal study. JRes Pen 33:233-252
46. Westenberg PM, Jonckheer J, Treffers PDA, Droves MJ (1998b), Ego development in children and adolescents: another side of the Impulsive, Self-Protective, and Conformist ego levels. In: Personality Development: Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Investigations of Loevinger's Conception of Ego Development, Westenberg PM, Blasi A, Cohn LD, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp 89-112
47. Westenberg PM, Siebelink BM, Treffers PDA (in press), Psychosocial developmental theory in relation to anxiety and its disorders. In: Anxiety Disorders in Children, Silverman WK, Treffers PDA, eds. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
48. Westenberg PM, Treffers PDA, Drewes MJ (1998c), A new version of the WUSCT: the Sentence Completion Test for Children and Youths (SCTY). In: Technical Foundations for Measuring Ego Development, Loevinger J, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp 81-89