The Frankfurt school and international relations: On the centrality of recognition

Review of International Studies

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 181-194

  Haacke, Jürgen ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 12944292941     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210505006376     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. For recent examples see Neta Crawford, Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) and Marc Lynch, 'Why Engage? China and the Logic of Communicative Engagement', European Journal of International Relations, 8: 2 (2002), pp. 187-230.
2. For recent examples see Neta Crawford, Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) and Marc Lynch, 'Why Engage? China and the Logic of Communicative Engagement', European Journal of International Relations, 8: 2 (2002), pp. 187-230.
3. See Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of the Post-Westphalian Era (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1998).
4. See Thomas Risse-Kappen, '"Let's Argue!" Communicative Action in World Polities', International Organization, 54: 1 (2000), pp. 1-39.
5. Representatives of the Third Generation' include among others Axel Honneth, Ulrich Beck, Helmut Dubiel, Lutz Wingert, Hauke Brunkhorst, Klaus Günther and Hans Joas. For an overview, see Joel Anderson, 'The "Third Generation" of the Frankfurt School', Intellectual History Newsletter, 22 (2000), available online 〈http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anderson/criticaltheory/3rdGeneration. htm〉 (14/07/04).
6. See for example Richard Wyn Jones (ed.), Critical Theory and World Politics (Boulder. CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 2001); Jürgen Haacke, ASEAN's Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects (London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003).
7. See for example Richard Wyn Jones (ed.), Critical Theory and World Politics (Boulder. CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 2001); Jürgen Haacke, ASEAN's Diplomatic and Security Culture: Origins, Development and Prospects (London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003).
8. See Jürgen Habermas, Theory of Communicative Action, 2 vols (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1984, 1987).
9. Jürgen Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics: Notes on a Program of Philosophical Justification', in Habermas, Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, trans. C. Lenhardt and S. Weber Nicholsen (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), p. 58.
10. See Jürgen Habermas, 'What is Universal Pragmatics?' in Habermas, Communication and the Evolution of Society, trans. T. McCarthy (Boston, MA: Beacon, 1979), pp. 1-68.
11. Jürgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, trans. by William Rehg (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996), p. 19. Emphasis in original.
12. Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics', pp. 76ff. Also see William Rehg, Insight and Solidarity: A Study in the Discourse Ethics of Jürgen Habermas (London: University of California Press, 1994).
13. Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics', pp. 76ff. Also see William Rehg, Insight and Solidarity: A Study in the Discourse Ethics of Jürgen Habermas (London: University of California Press, 1994).
14. Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics', p. 58. Emphasis in original. Also see Maeve Cook, Language and Reason: A Study of Habermas's Pragmatics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994).
15. Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics', p. 58. Emphasis in original. Also see Maeve Cook, Language and Reason: A Study of Habermas's Pragmatics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994).
16. Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics', p. 66.
17. For this self-assessment, see Jürgen Habermas, 'Replik auf Beiträge zu einem Symposion der Cardozo Law School', in Jürgen Habermas, Die Einbeziehung des Anderen (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1996), p. 386. For an appreciation of Habermas's political-philosophical profile also see Stephen White (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Habermas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
18. For this self-assessment, see Jürgen Habermas, 'Replik auf Beiträge zu einem Symposion der Cardozo Law School', in Jürgen Habermas, Die Einbeziehung des Anderen (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1996), p. 386. For an appreciation of Habermas's political-philosophical profile also see Stephen White (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Habermas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
19. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, pp. 110-11.
20. Ibid., p. 135.
21. William Rehg, 'Translator's Introduction', in Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, p. xxxii.
22. Jürgen Habermas, 'Kant's Idea of Perpetual Peace: At Two Hundred Years' Historical Remove', in Jürgen Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory, eds. Ciaran Cronin and Pablo de Greiff (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999), pp. 165-201.
23. Habermas, 'Kant's Idea of Perpetual Peace', p. 171.
24. See Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into a Category of Bourgeois Society, trans. Thomas Berger (Cambridge: Polity, 1992).
25. Habermas, Between Norms and Facts, p. 20.
26. Ibid., p. 6.
27. Reconstructive sciences are empirical theories with strong universalistic claims that seek to reconstruct sequences in a developmental logic or historical processes of learning to explain the presumably universal bases of rational experience and judgement, as well as of action and linguistic communication.
28. See Habermas, 'Replik auf Beiträge zu einem Symposion der Cardozo Law School', p. 334.
29. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, p. 5.
30. Jürgen Habermas, 'Was bedeutet der Denkmalsturz?', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 17 April 2003, p. 33.
31. Habermas, 'Kant's Idea of Perpetual Peace', pp. 183-4.
32. Axel Honneth, 'Nachwort' in Honneth, Kritik der Macht: Reflexionsstufen einer kritischen Gesellschaftstheorie (Frankfurt/M: Suhrkamp, 1989), p. 385.
33. Honneth, Critique of Power, p. 269. Emphasis in original.
34. See G.W.F Hegel, 'Lordship and Bondage', The Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A.V.Miller (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977).
35. See, for instance, the contributions in John O'Neill (ed.), Hegel's Dialectic of Desire and Recognition: Texts and Commentary (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
36. Alexandre Kojève, 'Desire and Work in the Master Slave', Introduction to the Reading of Hegel, reprinted in O'Neill (ed.), Hegel's Dialectic of Desire and Recognition: Texts and Commentary (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996), pp. 49-65.
37. For this argument, see for example Michael O'Hardimon, Hegel's Social Philosophy: The Project of Reconciliation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).
38. Axel Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 16-17.
39. Honneth, Struggle for Recognition, ch. 4.
40. Axel Honneth, 'Author's Introduction', in Honneth, The Fragmented World of the Social, p. xxiv.
41. Honneth, Struggle for Recognition, p. 69.
42. Ibid., pp. 125-30.
43. Honneth, 'Author's Introduction', p. xiv.
44. Honneth. Struggle for Recognition, p. 163.
45. Barrington Moore, Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1978). pp. 4-5.
46. Jeff Goodwin, No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
47. Honneth. Struggle for Recognition, pp. 168-9. For a critical assessment, see Jeffrey C. Alexander and Maria La Para, 'Honneth's New Critical Theory of Recognition', New Left Review, 220 (November/December 1996), pp. 126-36.
48. Honneth. Struggle for Recognition, pp. 168-9. For a critical assessment, see Jeffrey C. Alexander and Maria La Para, 'Honneth's New Critical Theory of Recognition', New Left Review, 220 (November/December 1996), pp. 126-36.
49. Honneth, Struggle for Recognition, p. 174.
50. For further discussion, see Axel Honneth, 'The Limits of Liberalism: On The Political-Ethical Discussion Concerning Communitarianism', in Honneth, The Fragmented World of the Social, esp. pp. 231-46.
51. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, p. 18.
52. Habermas, 'Discourse Ethics', p. 106.
53. Jürgen Habermas, 'Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State', in Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, p. 203.
54. Habermas, 'Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State', p. 208.
55. Jürgen Habermas, Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, trans. Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), p. 31.
56. Hegel's conception of absolute spirit derives from the Judeo-Christian conception of God, although for Hegel absolute Geist did not exist outside of the spatio-temporal world. With Hegel, both nature and humankind are manifestations of absolute spirit, the latter is that subject which knows itself to be the whole of reality. See O'Hardimon, Hegel's Social Philosophy, pp. 51-2.
57. Habermas, Wahrheit und Rechtfertigung, p. 210.
58. See Terry P. Pinkard, Hegel's Phenomenology: The Sociality of Reason (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 62.
59. Habermas, Wahrheit und Rechtfertigung, p. 211.
60. James Mayall, Nationalism and International Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Medley Bull, The Revolt Against the West', in Medley Bull and Adam Watson (eds.), The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 217-28; and Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
61. James Mayall, Nationalism and International Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Medley Bull, The Revolt Against the West', in Medley Bull and Adam Watson (eds.), The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 217-28; and Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
62. James Mayall, Nationalism and International Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Medley Bull, The Revolt Against the West', in Medley Bull and Adam Watson (eds.), The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 217-28; and Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
63. See E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (New York: Palgrave, 2001).
64. See Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). But also see John Burton (ed.), Conflict: Human Needs Theory (Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990).
65. See Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). But also see John Burton (ed.), Conflict: Human Needs Theory (Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1990).
66. See Johnston, 'Realism(s) and Chinese Security Policy in the Post-Cold War Period', in Ethan B. Kapstein and Michael Mustanduno (eds.), Unipolar Politics: Realism and State Strategies After the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), pp. 261-318.
67. See Randall L. Schweller, 'Realism and the Present Great Power System: Growth and Positional Conflict over Scarce Resources', in Ethan B. Kapstein and Michael Mustanduno (eds.), Unipolar Politics: Realism and State Strategies After the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999). Also see his 'Managing the Rise of Great Powers', in Alastair lain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (eds.), Engaging China: The Management of An Emerging Power (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 1-31. Previously Gilpin designated prestige as the main 'currency' of international relations. See Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
68. See Randall L. Schweller, 'Realism and the Present Great Power System: Growth and Positional Conflict over Scarce Resources', in Ethan B. Kapstein and Michael Mustanduno (eds.), Unipolar Politics: Realism and State Strategies After the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999). Also see his 'Managing the Rise of Great Powers', in Alastair lain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (eds.), Engaging China: The Management of An Emerging Power (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 1-31. Previously Gilpin designated prestige as the main 'currency' of international relations. See Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
69. See Randall L. Schweller, 'Realism and the Present Great Power System: Growth and Positional Conflict over Scarce Resources', in Ethan B. Kapstein and Michael Mustanduno (eds.), Unipolar Politics: Realism and State Strategies After the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999). Also see his 'Managing the Rise of Great Powers', in Alastair lain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (eds.), Engaging China: The Management of An Emerging Power (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 1-31. Previously Gilpin designated prestige as the main 'currency' of international relations. See Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
70. Christopher Hill, The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy (London and Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003), pp. 129-32.
71. Richard Higgott, The International Relations of the Asian Economic Crisis: A Study in the Politics of Resentment', in R. Robinson, M. Beeson, K. Jayasuriya and H.-R. Kim (eds.), Politics and Markets in the Wake of the Asian Crisis (London and New York: Routledge. 2000), pp. 261-82.
72. Johnston, 'Realism (s). p. 288.
73. Ibid., p. 288.
74. Ibid., p. 289.
75. Erik Ringmar, The Relevance of International Law: A Hegelian Interpretation of a Peculiar Seventeenth-Century Preoccupation', Review of International Studies, 21: 1 (1995), pp. 87-113,
76. and The Recognition Game: Soviet Russia against the West', Cooperation and Conflict, 2 (2002), 115-36.
77. Also see Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992)
78. and, more recently, Alexander Wendt, 'Why a World State is Inevitable', European Journal of International Relations, 9: 4 (2003), pp. 491-542.
79. Wendt, 'World State', pp. 511-12.