Family structure and risk factors for schizophrenia: Case-sibling study

BMC Psychiatry

Volumn 4, Issue , 2004, Pages

  Haukka, Jari K ^a   Suvisaari, Jaana ^a   Lönnqvist, Jouko ^a  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BIRTH ORDER; CASE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY STUDY; FEMALE; FINLAND; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MALE; MATERNAL WELFARE; REGISTER; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIBLING; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FAMILY SIZE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; BIRTH ORDER; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SIBLINGS;

EID: 12944258919     PISSN: 1471244X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-4-41     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Castle D, Abel K, Takei N, Murray RM: Gender differences in schizophrenia: hormonal effect or subtypes. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1995, 21:1-12.
2. Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Chen WJ, Tolomiczencko GS, Tsuang MT: Sex differences in the familial transmission of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1990, 156:819-26.
3. Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Chen WJ, Tsuang MT: Gender and the familial risk for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 1992, 7:135-140.
4. Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Chen WJ, Tsuang MT: The role of gender in understanding the familial transmission of schizoaffective disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1993, 163:763-768.
5. Maier W, Lichterman D, Heun R, Hallmayer J: The impact of gender and age at onset on the familial aggregation of schizophrenia. Eur Arch Clin Neurosci 1993, 242:279-285.
6. Sham P, Jones P, Russell A, Gilvarry K, Bebbington P, Lewis S, Toone B, Murray R: Age at onset, sex, and familial psychiatric morbidity in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1994, 165:466-473.
7. Kendler KS, Walsh D: Gender and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1995, 167:184-192.
8. Kendler K, Tsuang MT, Hays P: Age at onset in schizophrenia. Archives General Psychiatry 1987:881-890.
9. Hare EH, Price JS: Birth rank in schizophrenia: with a consideration of the bias due to changes in birth-rate. British Journal of Psychiatry 1970, 116:409-420.
10. Sham PS, MacClean CJ, Kendler KS: Risk of schizophrenia and age difference with older siblings. British Journal of Psychiatry 1993, 163:627-633.
11. Hultman CM, Sparen P, Takei N, Murray RM, Cnattingius S: Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and reactive psychosis of early onset: case-control study. BJM 1999, 318:421-426.
12. Westergaard T, Mortensen P, Pedersen C, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M: Exposure to prenatal and childhood infections and the risk of schizophrenia. Archives General Psychiatry 1999, 56: 93-998.
13. Kemppainen L, Veijola J, Jokelainen J, Hartikainen AL, Järvelin MR, Jones P, Croudace T, Isohanni M: Birth order and risk for schizophrenia: a 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2001, 104:148-152.
14. Bender KG, Azeem N, Morrice J: Schizophrenia and birth order in Pakistan. Schizophrenia Research 2000, 44: 13-120.
15. McDonald C, O'Callaghan E, Keogh F, Sham P, Kinsella A, Morris M, Walsh D: Number of older siblings of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001, 47:275-280.
16. Malaspina D, Harlap S, Fennig S, Heiman D, Nahon D, Feldman D, Susser E: Advancing paternal age and the risk of schizophrenia. Archives General Psychiatry 2001, 58:361-367.
17. Dalman C, Allebeck P: Paternal age and schizophrenia: further support for an association. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 159:1591-1592.
18. Brown AS, Schaefer CA, Wyatt RJ, Begg MD, Goetz R, Bresnahan MA, Harkavy-Friedman J, Gorman JM, Malaspina D, Susser ES: Paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry 2002, 159(9):1528-33.
19. Keskimäki I, Aro S: Accuracy of data on diagnoses, procedures and accidents in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Int J Health Sci 1991, 2:15-21.
20. Pakaslahti A: On the diagnosis of schizophrenic psychoses in clinical practice. Psychiatria Fennica 1987, 18:63-72.
21. Salokangas R: First-contact rate for schizophrenia in community psychiatric care. Consideration of the oestrogen hypothesis. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosci 1993, 242:337-346.
22. Isohanni M, Mäkikyrö T, Moring J, Räsänen P, Hakko H, Partanen U, Koiranen M, Jones P: A comparison of clinical and research DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia in a Finnish national birth cohort. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 1997, 32:303-308.
23. Gauderman WJ, Kraft P: Biostatistical genetics and genetic epidemiology, Family-based case-control studies Chichester, England: Wiley & Sons; 2002:267-275.
24. Sipilä P, Hartikainen AL, von Wendt L, Oja H: Changes in risk factors for unfavorable pregnancy outcome among singletons over twenty years. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1994, 73:612-618.
25. Timonen S, Uotila U, Kuusisto P, Vara P, Lokki O: Effect of certain maternal, foetal and geographic factors on the weight and length of the newborn and on the duration of pregnancy. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae Fenniae 1966, 55:196-213.
26. Cannon M, Jones PB, Murray RM: Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: historical and meta-analytic review. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 159:1080-1092.
27. Westergaard T, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M: Exposure to prenatal and childhood infections and the risk of schizophrenia: suggestions from a study of sibship characteristics and influenza prevalence. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999, 56(11):993-8.
28. Brown AS, Schaefer CA, Wyatt RJ, Goetz R, Begg MD, Gorman JM, Susser ES: Maternal exposure to respiratory infections and adult schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a prospective birth cohort study. Schizophrenia Research 2000, 26:287-295.
29. Orvos H, Nyirati I, Hadju J, Pal A, Nyari T, Kovacs L: Is adolescent pregnancy associated with adverse perinatal outcome? Perinat Med 1999, 27:199-203.
30. Hemminki E, Gissler M: Births by younger and older mothers in a population with late and regulated childbearing: Finland 1991. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996, 75:19-27.
31. Aleman A, Kahn R, J-P S: Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia. Evidence from meta-analysis. Archives General Psychiatry 2003, 60:561-571.
32. Kendler KS, MacLean CJ: Estimating familial effects on the age at onset and liability to schizophrenia. Genetic Epidemiology 1990, 7:409-417.
33. Sham P, MacLean C, Kendler K: A typological model of schizophrenia based on the age at onset, sex and familial morbidity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1994, 89:135-141.
34. Suvisaari JM, Haukka J, Tanskanen A, Lönnqvist J: Age at onset and outcome in schizophrenia are related to the degree of familial loadings. Brit J Psych 1998, 173:494-500.
35. Nicolson R, Brookner F, Lenane M, Gochman P, Ingraham L, Egan M, Kendler K, Pickar D, Weinberger D, Rapoport J: Parental schizophrenia spectrum disorders in childhood-onset and adultonset schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 160: 90-495.
36. Kennedy J, Farrer L, Andreasen N, Mayeux R, St George-Hyslop P: The genetics of adult-onset neuropsychiatric disease: complexities and conundra. Science 2003, 302:822-826.
37. Cannon T, Kaprio J, Lönnqvist J, Huttunen M, Koskenvuo M: The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort. Archives General Psychiatry 1998, 55:67-74.