Primary aldosteronism: Update on diagnosis and treatment

Endocrinologist

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 213-221

  Young Jr , William F ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMILORIDE; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; SPIRONOLACTONE; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; ADRENAL CORTEX ADENOMA; ADRENAL SCINTISCANNING; ADRENALECTOMY; ALDOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; GYNECOMASTIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOKALEMIA; IMPOTENCE; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; POTASSIUM INTAKE; PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM; REVIEW; SODIUM RESTRICTION;

EID: 12644271855     PISSN: 10512144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019616-199707040-00003     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Conn JW: Presidential address: Part I. Painting background, Part II. Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical syndrome. J Lab Clin Med 1955;45:3-17.
2. Mader IJ, Iseri LT: Spontaneous hypopotassemia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosis and tetany due to hypersecretion of corticosteronelike mineralocorticoid. Am J Med 1955;19:976-88.
3. Berglund G, Andersson O, Wilhelmsen L: Prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension: studies in a random population sample. Br Med J 1976;2:554-6.
4. Streeten DHP, Tomycz N, Anderson GH Jr: Reliability of screening methods for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Am J Med 1979;67:403-13.
5. Gordon RD Stowasser M, Tunny TJ, et al.: High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension. Clin Exp Pharm Phys 1994;21:315-8.
6. Young WF Jr, Klee GG: Primary aldosteronism: diagnostic evaluation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988; 17: 367-95.
7. Young WF Jr, Hogan MJ: Renin-independent hypermineralocorticoidism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1994; 5: 97-106.
8. Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Biglieri EG, et al.: Primary adrenal hyperplasia: a new subset of primary hyperaldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 58: 783-5.
9. Irony I, Kater CE, Biglieri EG, et al.: Correctable subsets of primary aldosteronism: primary adrenal hyperplasia and renin responsive adenoma. Am J Hypertens 1990; 3: 576-82.
10. Melby JC, Azar ST: Adrenal steroids and hypertension: new aspects. Endocrinologist 1993; 3: 344-51.
11. Gordon RD, Hamlet SM, Tunny TJ, et al.: Aldosterone-producing adenomas responsive to angiotensin pose problems in diagnosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1987;14:175-9.
12. Tunny TJ, Gordon RD, Klemm SA, et al.: Histological and biochemical distinctiveness of atypical aldosterone-producing-adenomas responsive to upright posture and angiotensin. Clin Endocrinol 1991; 34: 363-9.
13. Lifton RP, Dluhy RG, Powers M, et al.: A chimaeric 11β-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension. Nature 1992; 355: 262-65.
14. Stowasser M, Gordon RD, Tunny TJ, et al.: Familial hyperaldosteronism type II: five families with a new variety of primary aldosteronism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1992; 19: 319-22.
15. Bravo EL, Fouad-Tarazi FM, Tarazi RC, et al.: Clinical implications of primary aldosteronism with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 1988; 11 (Suppl I): 1207-11.
16. Ganguly A, Robertson GL: Elevated threshold for vasopressin release in primary aldosteronism [abstract]. Clin Res 1980; 28: 330A.
17. Nakada T, Koike H, Katayama T: Evidence for a defect in urinary concentrating ability in primary aldosteronism and its reversal by adrenal surgery. Urol Int 1987; 42: 295-301.
18. Fishman LM, Kuchel O, Liddle GW, et al.: Incidence of primary aldosteronism uncomplicated "essential" hypertension: a prospective study with elevated aldosterone secretion and suppressed plasma renin activity used as diagnostic criteria. JAMA 1968; 205: 497-502.
19. Weinberger MH, Grim CE, Hollifield JW, et al.: Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis, localization, and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90: 386-95.
20. Bravo EL, Tarazi RC, Dustan HP, et al.: The changing clinical spectrum of primary aldosteronism. Am J Med 1983; 74: 641-51.
21. Rich GM, Ulick S, Cook S, et al.: Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism in a large kindred: clinical spectrum and diagnosis using a characteristic biochemical phenotype. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 813-20.
22. Jose A, Kaplan NM: Plasma renin activity in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: failure to distinguish primary aldosteronism from essential hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1969; 123: 141-6.
23. Hiramatsu K, Yamada T, Yukimura Y, et al.: A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity: results in hypertension patients. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141: 1589-93.
24. Sigurdsson JA, Bengtsson C, Tibblin E, et al.: Prevalence of secondary hypertension in a population sample of Swedish women. Eur Heart J 1983; 4: 424-33.
25. McKenna TJ, Sequeira SJ, Heffernan A, Chambers J, Cunningham S: Diagnosis under random conditions of all disorders of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone axis, including primary hyperaldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 952-7.
26. Weinberger MH, Fineberg NS: The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and separation of two major subtypes. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 2125-9.
27. Sheaves R, Goldin J, Reznek RH, et al.: Relative value of computed tomography scanning and venous sampling in establishing the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 134: 308-13.
28. Melby JC, Spark RF, Dale SL, et al.: Diagnosis and localization of aldosterone-producing adenomas by adrenal-vein catheterization. N Engl J Med 1967; 277: 1050-56.
29. Conn JW, Beierwaltes WH, Lieberman LM, et al.: Primary aldosteronism: preoperative tumor visualization by scintillation scanning. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971; 33: 713-6.
30. Miles JM, Wahner HW, Carpenter PC, et al.: Adrenal scintiscanning with NP-59, a new radioiodinated cholesterol agent. Mayo Clin Proc 1979; 54: 321-7.
31. Hogan MJ, McRae J, Schambelan M, et al.: Location of aldosterone-producing adenomas with I-19-iodocholesterol. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 410-4.
32. Nomura K, Kusakabe K, Maki M, et al.: Iodomethylnorcholesterol uptake in an aldosteronoma shown by dexamethasone-suppression scintigraphy: relationship to adenoma size and functional activity. J Clin Endcrinol Metab 1990; 71: 825-30.
33. Ganguly A, Dowdy AJ, Luetscher JA, et al.: Anomalous postural response of plasma aldosterone concentration in patient with aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973; 36: 401-4.
34. Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr, Miller DL, et al.: Distinction between hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral hyperplasia and unilateral aldosteronoma: eliability of CT. Radiology 1992; 184: 677-82.
35. Radin DR, Manoogian C, Nadler JL: 1992. Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism: importance of correlating CT findings with endocrinologic studies. Am J Rad 1992; 158: 553-7.
36. Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr: Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins. Radiology 1996; 198: 309-12.
37. Blumenfeld JD, Sealey JE, Schlussel Y, et al.: Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 877-85.
38. Young WF Jr, Stanson AW, Grant CS, Thompson GB, van Heerden JA: Primary aldosteronism: adrenal venous sampling. Surgery 1996; 120: 913-20.
39. Walker BR, Edwards CRW: Dexamethasone-suppressible hypertension. Endocrinologist 1993; 3: 87-97.
40. Dluhy RG, Williams GH: Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. Cardiovasc Res 1996; 31: 870-2.
41. Thompson GB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, et al.: Laparoscopic versus open posterior adrenalectomy: a case-control study of 100 patients [abstract]. In Programs and Abstracts of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons, Baltimore, 1997.
42. Weisnagel SJ, Gagner M, Breton G, et al.: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Endocrinologist 1996; 6: 169-78.
43. Celen O, O'Brien MJ, Melby JC, et al.: Factors influencing outcome of surgery for primary aldosteronism. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 646-50.
44. Grady RW, Kaylor WM, Lee J-C, et al.: Renal pathology in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism secondary to an adrenal cortical adenoma. Urology 1996; 48: 369-72.