메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 1186-1195

Stereochemistry of Reactions Involving Rotationally Restricted, Sterically Hindered Cations, Radicals, and Anions: 9-Fluorenyl Systems

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FREE RADICALS; NEGATIVE IONS; OLEFINS; POSITIVE IONS; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 1242329887     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo0351015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 6244288725 scopus 로고
    • (a) The designations sp (syn periplanar) and ap (anti periplanar) for the conformations discussed here are in accord with Rule E-6.6, IUPAC Tentative Rules, Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry (J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 2861).
    • (1970) J. Org. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 2861
  • 2
    • 1242336373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 1H NMR spectroscopy (refs 2 and 3). In the latter, the most striking differences emanate from the tertbutyl protons in 9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)fluorenes. In the ap rotamers these protons are shielded by the fluorene-ring π electrons and resonate upfield in the 0.7-ppm region, while in the sp rotomers they are correspondingly deshielded and resonate downfield in the 1.8-ppm region. Differences are also observed in the resonances of the o-H of ap vs sp rotamers, and of H-9 of these rotamers of 9-(o-tert-butylphenyl)fluorene itself.
  • 19
    • 26344471998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIF Access, Data Validation No. IUC9900144, November issue
    • (i) Hou, Y.; Robinson, P. D.; Meyers, C. Y. Acta Crystallogr. 1999, C55, CIF Access, Data Validation No. IUC9900144, November issue.
    • (1999) Acta Crystallogr. , vol.C55
    • Hou, Y.1    Robinson, P.D.2    Meyers, C.Y.3
  • 20
    • 26344471156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIF Access, Data Validation No. IUC9900147, November issue
    • (j) Robinson, P. D.; Hou, Y.; Meyers, C. Y. Acta Crystallogr. 1999, C55, CIF Access, Data Validation No. IUC9900147, November issue.
    • (1999) Acta Crystallogr. , vol.C55
    • Robinson, P.D.1    Hou, Y.2    Meyers, C.Y.3
  • 29
    • 0003961339 scopus 로고
    • Fundamentals of Carbanion Chemistry
    • Blomquist, A. L., Ed; Academic Press: New York, Chapter 3 and references therein
    • (a) Cram, D. J. Fundamentals of Carbanion Chemistry. In Organic Chemistry - A Series of Monographs; Blomquist, A. L., Ed; Academic Press: New York, 1965; Vol. 4, Chapter 3 and references therein.
    • (1965) Organic Chemistry - A Series of Monographs , vol.4
    • Cram, D.J.1
  • 30
    • 0343045005 scopus 로고
    • and references therein
    • (b) Ford, W. T.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 2612-2622 and references therein.
    • (1968) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 2612-2622
    • Ford, W.T.1    Cram, D.J.2
  • 32
    • 0004292616 scopus 로고
    • The Chemistry of Rotational Isomers
    • Hafner, K., Lehn, J.-M., Rees, C. W., Schleyer, P. v. R., Trost, B. M., Zahradnik, R., Eds; Springer-Verlag: New York, Chapter 4
    • (a) Oki, M. The Chemistry of Rotational Isomers. In Reactivity and Structure Concepts in Organic Chemistry; Hafner, K., Lehn, J.-M., Rees, C. W., Schleyer, P. v. R., Trost, B. M., Zahradnik, R., Eds; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1993; Vol. 30, Chapter 4.
    • (1993) Reactivity and Structure Concepts in Organic Chemistry , vol.30
    • Oki, M.1
  • 37
    • 1242291407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It should be noted that, based on NMR and X-ray analysis of the large number of C-9-substituted fluorenes, the thermodynamically favored conformation can be either the sp or ap rotamer, depending on the C-9 substituents (see refs 2 and 3).
  • 38
    • 1842333329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (a) Jiao, H.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Mo, Y.; McAllister, M. A.; Tidwell, T. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7075-7083. Amyes, T. L.; Richard, J. P.; Novak, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8032-8041. Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.; Liang, G.; Westerman, P. W.; Kunde, K.; Chandrasekar, J.; Schleyer, P. v. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4485-4492.
    • (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.119 , pp. 7075-7083
    • Jiao, H.1    Schleyer, P.V.R.2    Mo, Y.3    McAllister, M.A.4    Tidwell, T.T.5
  • 39
    • 0001562025 scopus 로고
    • (a) Jiao, H.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Mo, Y.; McAllister, M. A.; Tidwell, T. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7075-7083. Amyes, T. L.; Richard, J. P.; Novak, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8032-8041. Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.; Liang, G.; Westerman, P. W.; Kunde, K.; Chandrasekar, J.; Schleyer, P. v. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4485-4492.
    • (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 8032-8041
    • Amyes, T.L.1    Richard, J.P.2    Novak, M.3
  • 41
    • 0037090825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) Lambert, J. B.; Lin, L.; Rassolov, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1429-1431. Otto, M.; Scheschkewitz, D.; Kato, T.; Midland, M.; Lambert, J. B.; Bertrand, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2275-2276. Müller, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2276-2278. Allen, A. D.; Sumonja, M.; Tidwell, T. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2371-2375.
    • (2002) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.41 , pp. 1429-1431
    • Lambert, J.B.1    Lin, L.2    Rassolov, V.3
  • 42
    • 0037007926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) Lambert, J. B.; Lin, L.; Rassolov, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1429-1431. Otto, M.; Scheschkewitz, D.; Kato, T.; Midland, M.; Lambert, J. B.; Bertrand, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2275-2276. Müller, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2276-2278. Allen, A. D.; Sumonja, M.; Tidwell, T. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2371-2375.
    • (2002) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.41 , pp. 2275-2276
    • Otto, M.1    Scheschkewitz, D.2    Kato, T.3    Midland, M.4    Lambert, J.B.5    Bertrand, G.6
  • 43
    • 0037007904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) Lambert, J. B.; Lin, L.; Rassolov, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1429-1431. Otto, M.; Scheschkewitz, D.; Kato, T.; Midland, M.; Lambert, J. B.; Bertrand, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2275-2276. Müller, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2276-2278. Allen, A. D.; Sumonja, M.; Tidwell, T. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2371-2375.
    • (2002) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.41 , pp. 2276-2278
    • Müller, T.1
  • 44
    • 0030937431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) Lambert, J. B.; Lin, L.; Rassolov, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1429-1431. Otto, M.; Scheschkewitz, D.; Kato, T.; Midland, M.; Lambert, J. B.; Bertrand, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2275-2276. Müller, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2276-2278. Allen, A. D.; Sumonja, M.; Tidwell, T. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2371-2375.
    • (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.119 , pp. 2371-2375
    • Allen, A.D.1    Sumonja, M.2    Tidwell, T.T.3
  • 47
    • 0035966625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and references therein
    • Aside from our report and that of Oki et al., there are only a few reports of HI as a reducing agent for organic compounds: (a) Gordon, P. E.; Fry, A. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 831-833 and references therein.
    • (2001) Tetrahedron Lett. , vol.42 , pp. 831-833
    • Gordon, P.E.1    Fry, A.J.2
  • 50
    • 1242313859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 likewise produced this coloration. Moreover, formation of the free-radical intermediate in the latter transformation was verified by the isolation of its air-oxidation product, ap-9-(o-isopropylphenyl)-9-fluorenyl peroxide, which was unequivocally characterized by X-ray analysis. Under the same conditions, the corresponding peroxide from radical 14 was not observed, most likely for steric reasons.
  • 53
    • 33845277980 scopus 로고
    • (c) Structural and solvent effects evaluated from acidities in DMSO and in the gas phase are described by: Taft, R. W.; Bordwell, F. G. Acc. Chem. Res. 1988, 21, 463-469.
    • (1988) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 463-469
    • Taft, R.W.1    Bordwell, F.G.2
  • 55
    • 1242313856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3OD, but 100% as the sp rotamer in the crystalline state, and 9-(m-tert-butylphenyl)-fluorene rotates rapidly in solution showing no conformational preference, but crystallizes as its ap rotamer exclusively.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.