Removal of CCA from treated wood by oxalic acid extraction, steam explosion, and bacterial fermentation

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 20, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 251-257

  Clausen, C A ^a   Smith, R L ^b  

^a FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Acid extraction; Bacillus licheniformis CC01; Bacteria; Chromated copper arsenate (CCA); Preservative; Steam explosion

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; CHROMIUM DERIVATIVE; COPPER; OXALIC ACID;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS; FERMENTATION; NONHUMAN; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WATER VAPOR; WOOD;

BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 0031807076     PISSN: 13675435     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900516     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. AWPA. 1995. Standard method for the analysis of treated wood and treating solutions by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A11-93. The AWPA Book of Standards. American Wood-Preservers' Association, Woodstock, MD.
2. Avellar BK and WG Glasser. 1993. Steam-assisted biomass fractionation. I. Process considerations and economic evaluations. Biomass & Bioenergy (in press).
3. Clausen CA. 1990. Bacterial associations with decaying wood: a review. Int Biodet Biodegrad 37: 101-107.
4. Clausen CA. 1997. Enhanced removal of CCA from treated wood by Bacillus licheniformis in continuous culture. Int Res Group on Wood Preserv IRG/WP97-50083.
5. Cole FA and CA Clausen. 1997. Bacterial biodegradation of CCA-treated waste wood. In: Proceedings, Forest Products Society Conference on Use of Recycled Wood and Paper in Building Applications, September 9, 1996. Madison, WI.
6. Cooper PA. 1993. Leaching of CCA: is it a problem? Disposal of treated wood removed from service: the issues. In: Proceedings. Environmental Considerations in Manufacture, Use, and Disposal of Preservative-Treated Wood, Carolinas-Chesapeake Section. Forest Products Society, May 13, Richmond, VA.
7. Daniel G and T Nilsson. 1985. Ultrastructural and TEM-EDAX studies on the degradation of CCA-treated Radiata pine by tunneling bacteria. Int Res Group on Wood Preserv IRG/WP/1260.
8. Daniel GF, T Nilsson and AP Singh. 1987. Degradation of lignocellulosics by unique tunnel-forming bacteria. Can J Microbiol 33: 943-948.
9. Greaves H. 1971. The bacterial factor in wood decay. Wood Sci Technol 5: 6-16.
10. Greaves H. 1973. Bacterial uptake of elements from a copper-chromearsenic containing medium. Mat und Organismen 8: 85-98.
11. Green F, MJ Larsen, JE Winandy and TL Highley. 1991. Role of oxalic acid in incipient brown-rot decay. Mat und Organismen 26: 191-212.
12. Hartford W. 1986. The practical chemistry of CCA in service. In: Proceedings. Annual Meeting of American Wood-Preservers' Association, vol 82, 28-48, Philadelphia, PA.
13. Kim J and G Kim. 1993. Leaching of CCA components from treated wood under acidic conditions. Int Res Group on Wood Preserv IRG/WP/93-5004.
14. McKenzie W. 1991. Description of steam-exploded wood and other agriculture residues with respect to safety and handling. Information Sheet. CIT Technology Development Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
15. Micklewright JT. 1994. Wood preserving statistics. A report to the wood preserving industry in the United States. American Wood Preservers' Association.
16. Pasek E. 1994. Treatment of CCA waste streams for recycling use. In: Proceedings. CITW Life Cycle Assessment Workshop, June 20-21, 1994. Canada Institute of Treated Wood, Ottawa, Ontario.
17. Shields JK. 1969. Inhibition of fungi in a softwood chip pile. Bi-mon Res Notes 25: 3-4.
18. Singh AP, RN Wakeling and JA Drysdale. 1994. Microbial attack of CCA-treated Pinus radiata timber from a retaining wall. Holzforschung 48: 458-462.
19. Smith RL and R-J Shiau. 1997. Steam processing of treated waste wood for CCA removal: identification of opportunities for re-use of the recovered fiber. Virginia Tech. Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Center for Forest Products Marketing, Blacksburg, VA. Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program of the Tennessee Valley Authority, January 1997.
20. Stephan I, H Leithoff and R-D Peek. 1996. Microbial conversion of wood treated with salt preservatives. Mat und Org 30: 179-200.
21. Stephan I, H Mimz and RD Peek. 1993. Detoxification of salt-impregnated wood by organic acids in a pulping process. Int Res Group on Wood Preserv IRG/WP/93-50012.
22. Warner J and K Solomon. 1990. Acidity as a factor in leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated dimension lumber. Environ Tox Chem 9: 1331-1337.
23. Zabel RA and JJ Morrell. 1992. Wood Microbiology: Decay and Its Prevention. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.