Directional borehole radar with dipole antenna array using optical modulators

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 45-58

  Ebihara, Satoshi ^a  

^a OSAKA ELECTRO COMMUNICATION UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Borehole radar; Dipole array; Method of moment (MoM); Multiple cylindrical layers; MUSIC algorithm; Mutual coupling; Near field scatter; Optical modulator

Indexed keywords

ANTENNA ARRAYS; ANTENNA FEEDERS; DIPOLE ANTENNAS; GREEN'S FUNCTION; INTERFEROMETERS; LIGHT MODULATORS; METHOD OF MOMENTS; NUMERICAL METHODS; SCATTERING;

CROSS HOLE MEASUREMENT; DIRECTIONAL BOREHOLE RADAR; MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; MULTIPLE SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM; NEAR FIELD SCATTER; SINGLE HOLE MEASUREMENT;

RADAR ANTENNAS;

EID: 1242263817     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2003.818113     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. W. T. Holser, R. J. S. Brown, F. A. Roberts, O. A. Fredriksson, and R. R. Unterberger, "Radar logging of a salt dome," Geophysics, vol. 37, pp. 889-906, Oct. 1972.
2. H. Nickel, F. Sender, R. Thierbach, and H. Weichart, "Exploring the interior of salt domes from boreholes," Geophys. Prospect., vol. 31, pp. 131-148, 1983.
3. D. L. Wright, R. D. Watt, and E. Bramsoe, "A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. GE-22, no. 6, pp. 720-725, Nov. 1984.
4. J. A. Bradley and D. L. Wright, "Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. GE-25, no. 4, pp. 441-447, July 1987.
5. O. Olsson, L. Falk, O. Forslund, L. Lundmark, and E. Sandberg, "Borehole radar applied to the characterization of hydraulically conductive fracture zones in crystalline rock," Geophys. Prospect., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 109-142, 1992.
6. T. Miwa, M. Sato, and H. Niitsuma, "Subsurface fracture measurement with polarimetric borehole radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 37, pp. 828-837, Mar. 1999.
7. ____, "Enhancement of reflected waves in single-hole polarimetric borehole radar measurement," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 48, pp. 1430-1437, Sept. 2000.
8. R. J. Lytle and E. F. Laine, "Design a miniature directional antenna for geophysical probing from boreholes," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. GE-16, pp. 304-307, Oct. 1978.
9. E. Mundary, R. Thierbach, F. Sender, and H. Weichart, "Borehole radar probing in salt deposits," in Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Salt, vol. 1, Toronto, ON, Canada, 1983.
10. M. Sato and T. Tanimoto, "A Shielded loop array antenna for a directional borehole radar," in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. GPR, Geological Survey of Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland, June 1992, Special Paper 16, pp. 323-327.
11. S. Ebihara, M. Sato, and H. Niitsuma, "Super-resolution of coherent targets by a directional borehole radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 38, pp. 1725-1732, July 2000.
12. C. W. Moulton, D. L. Wright, S. R. Hutton, D. G. von Smith, and J. D. Abraham, "Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar," in Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar, Santa Barbara, CA, Apr. 2002, pp. 13-18.
13. K. W. A. van Dongen, A Directional Borehole Radar System for Subsurface Imaging. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Univ. Press, 2002.
14. R. O. Schmidt, "Multiple emitter location and signal parameters estimation," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-34, pp. 276-280, Mar. 1986.
15. I. J. Gupta and A. A. Ksienski, "Effects of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-31, pp. 785-791, Sept. 1983.
16. H. Steyskal and J. S. Herd, "Mutual coupling compensation in small array antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 38, pp. 1971-1975, Dec. 1990.
17. B. Friedlander and A. J. Weiss, "Direction finding in the presence of mutual coupling," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 39, Mar. 1991.
18. K. M. Pasala and E. M. Friel, "Mutual coupling effects and their reduction in wideband direction of arrival estimation," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 30, pp. 1116-1122, Oct. 1994.
19. R. S. Adve and T. K. Sarkar, "Compensation for the effects of mutual coupling direct data domain adaptive algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 48, pp. 86-94, Jan. 2000.
20. K. Kim, T. K. Sarkar, and M. S. Palma, "Adaptive processing using a single snapshot for a nonuniformly spaced array in the presence of mutual coupling and near-field scatters," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 582-590, May 2002.
21. R. F. Harrington, Field Computation by Moment Method. New York: Macmillian, 1968.
22. J. H. Richmond and N. H. Gery, "Mutual impedance of nonplanar-skew sinusoidal dipoles," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-23, pp. 412-414, May 1975.
23. K. Sawaya, "Numerical techniques for analysis of electromagnetic problems," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E83-B, Mar. 2000.
24. H. Nakano, S. R. Kerner, and N. G. Alexopoulos, "The moment method solution for printed wire antennas of arbitrary configuration," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 36, pp. 1667-1674, Dec. 1988.
25. R. Li and H. Nakano, "Numerical analysis of arbitrary shaped probe-excited single-arm printed wire antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 1307-1317, Sept. 1998.
26. T. J. Cui and W. C. Chew, "Modeling of arbitrary wire antennas above ground," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 38, pp. 357-365, Jan. 2000.
27. M. Sato and R. Thierbach, "Analysis of a borehole radar in cross-hole mode," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 29, pp. 899-904, Nov. 1991.
28. S. Ebihara, M. Sato, and H. Niitsuma, "Analysis of a guided wave along a conducting structure in a borehole," Geophys. Prospect., vol. 46, pp. 489-505, 1998.
29. T. B. Hansen, "The far field of a borehole radar and its reflection at a planar interface," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 37, pp. 1940-1950, July 1999.
30. F. L. Teixeira and W. C. Chew, "Finite-difference computation of transient electromagnetic waves for cylindrical geometries in complex media," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 38, pp. 1530-1543, July 2000.
31. S. Liu and M. Sato, "Electromagnetic logging technique based on borehole radar," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 40, pp. 2083-2092, Sept. 2002.
32. W. C. Chew and S. C. Gianzero, "Theoretical investigation of the electromagnetic wave propagation tool," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. GE-19, pp. 1-8, Jan. 1981.
33. W. M. Telford, L. P. Geldart, R. E. Sheriff, and D. A. Keys, Applied Geophysics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976.
34. S. J. Pirson, Geologic Well Log Analysis. Houston, TX: Gulf, 1970.
35. R. B. Childs and V. A. O'byrne, "Multichannel am video transmission using a high-power: YAG laser and linear external modulator," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 8, pp. 1369-1376, Sept. 1990.
36. N. Kuwabara, K. Tajima, R. Kobayashi, and F. Amemiya, "Development and analysis of electrical field using Linbo3 optical modulator," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 34, pp. 391-396, Nov. 1992.
37. M. Kanda, "Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, pp. 1349-1364, Oct. 1993.
38. ____, "Standard antennas for electromagnetic interference measurements and methods to calibrate them," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 36, pp. 261-273, Nov. 1994.
39. A. Sugiura, N. Kuwabara, and T. Iwasaki, "Current topics of microwaves EMI and measurements," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E-80-B, no. 5, May 1997.
40. O. Ogawa, T. Sowa, and S. Ichizono, "A guided-wave optical electric sensor with improved temperature stability," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, pp. 823-830, May 1999.
41. K. Tajima, R. Kobayashi, N. Kuwabara, and M. Tokuda, "Improving design method for sensitivity and frequency response of E-field sensor using a mach-zehnder interferometer," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E83-C, no. 3, Mar. 2000.
42. W. C. Chew, Waves and Field in Inhomogeneous Media. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1995.
43. C. Tai, Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1994.
44. Y. Ogawa, N. Hamaguchi, K. Ohshima, and K. Itoh, "High-resolution analysis of indoor multipath propagation structure," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E78-B, pp. 1450-1457, Dec. 1995.
45. S. Valaee and P. Kabal, "Wideband array processing using a two-sided correlation transformation," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 43, pp. 160-172, Jan. 1995.
46. S. M. Kay, Modern Spectral Estimation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
47. C. W. Therrien, Discrete Random Signals and Statistical Signal Processing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1992.
48. S. Ebihara and W. C. Chew, "Calculation of sommerfeld integrals for modeling vertical dipole array antenna for borehole radar," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E86-C, pp. 2085-2096, Oct. 2003.
49. S. Ebihara, "Blind separation for estimation of near-surface interface by GPR with time-frequency distribution," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E86-B, pp. 3071-3081, Oct. 2003.