Climate variability over the tropical Indian ocean sector in the NSIPP seasonal forecast system

Journal of Climate

Volumn 17, Issue 24, 2004, Pages 4783-4804

  Wajsowicz, Roxana C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; DATA REDUCTION; LIFE CYCLE; OSCILLATIONS; SEA LEVEL; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND EFFECTS;

EQUATORIAL BASINS; INDIAN DIPOLE MODES (IDM); NASA SEASONAL-TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION PROJECT (NSIPP); SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES (SST);

CLIMATOLOGY;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE VARIATION; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN (TROPICAL); OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 12344277914     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-3239.1     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Armstrong, E. M., and J. Vazquez-Cuervo, 2001: A new global satellite-based sea surface temperature climatology. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4199-4202.
2. Atlas, R., R. N. Hoffman, S. C. Bloom, J. C. Jusem, and J. Ardizzone, 1996: A multiyear global surface wind velocity dataset using SSM/I wind observations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 869-882.
3. Bacmeister, J. T. and M. J. Suarez, 2002: Wind stress simulations and equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3051-3073.
4. Bacmeister, J. T., P. J. Pegion, S. D. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez, 2000: Atlas of seasonal means simulated by the NSIPPI atmospheric GCM. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 17, 194 pp.
5. Baquero-Bernal, A., M. Latif, and S. Legutke, 2002: On dipole-like variability of sea surface temperature in the tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 15, 1358-1368.
6. Behera, S. K., R. Krishnan, and T. Yamagata, 1999: Unusual ocean-atmosphere conditions in the tropical Indian Ocean during 1994. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3001-3004.
7. Behera, S. K., A. S. Rao, S. N. Hameed, and T. Yamagata, 2003: Comments on "A cautionary note on the interpretation of EOFs." J. Climate 16, 1087-1093.
8. Boyer, T. P., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, M. Conkright, T. O'Brien, and C. Stephens, 1998a: Salinity of the Atlantic Ocean. Vol. 4, World Ocean Atlas 1998, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 30, 166 pp.
9. Boyer, T. P., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, M. Conkright, T. O'Brien, and C. Stephens, 1998b: Salinity of the Pacific Ocean. Vol. 5, World Ocean Atlas 1998, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 31, 166 pp.
10. Boyer, T. P., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, M. Conkright, T. O'Brien, C. Stephens, and B. Trotsenko, 1998c: Salinity of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 6, World Ocean Atlas 1998, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 32, 166 pp.
11. Boyer, T. P., C. Stephens, J. I. Antonov, M. E. Conkright, R. A. Locarnini, T. D. O'Brien, and H. E. Garcia, 2002: Salinity. Vol. 2, World Ocean Atlas 2001, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 50, 165 pp.
12. Chou, M.-D., and M. J. Suarez, 1994: An efficient thermal infra-red radiation parameterization for use in general circulation models. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 3, 92 pp.
13. Chou, M.-D., and M. J. Suarez, 1996: A solar radiation parameterization (CLIRADSW) for atmospheric studies. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 15, 48 pp.
14. da Silva, A., C. Young, and S. Levitus, 1994: Algorithms and Procedures. Vol. 1, Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, 83 pp.
15. Flohn, H., 1987: East African rains of 1961/62 and the abrupt change of the White Nile discharge. Palaeoecol. Afr., 18, 3-18.
16. Gill, A. E., 1985: Elements of coupled ocean-atmosphere models for the tropics. Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models, J. C. J. Nihoul, Ed., Elsevier Oceanography Series, Vol. 40, Elsevier, 303-327.
17. Goswami, B. N., and D. Sengupta, 2003: A note on the deficiency of NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis surface winds over the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3124, doi:10.1029/2002JC001497.
18. Gualdi, S., E. Guilyardi, A. Navarra, S. Masina, and P. Delecluse, 2003: The interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean as simulated by a CGCM. Climate Dyn., 20, 567-582.
19. Hirst, A. C., 1986: Unstable and damped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 606-630.
20. Iizuka, S., T. Matsuura, and T. Yamagata, 2000: The Indian Ocean SST dipole simulated in a coupled general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3369-3372.
21. Josey, S. A., 2001: A comparison of ECMWF, NCEP-NCAR, and SOC surface heat fluxes with moored buoy measurements in the subduction region of the northeast Atlantic. J. Climate, 14, 1780-1789.
22. Josey, S. A., E. C. Kent, and P. K. Taylor, 2002: On the wind-stress forcing of the ocean in the SOC climatology: Comparisons with the NCEP-NCAR, ECMWF, UWM/COADS and Hellerman and Rosenstein datasets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1993-2019.
23. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
24. Kerr, R. A., 2002: Signs of success in forecasting ENSO. Science, 297 (5581), p. 497.
25. Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez, 1996: Energy and water balance calculations in the Mosaic LSM. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 9, 69 pp.
26. Latif, M., T. P. Barnett, M. A. Cane, M. Flugel, N. E. Graham, H. von Storch, J.-S. Xu, and S. E. Zebiak, 1994: A review of ENSO prediction studies. Climate Dyn., 9, 167-179.
27. Lau, N.-C., and M. J. Nath, 2004: Coupled GCM simulation of atmosphere-ocean variability associated with zonally asymmetric SST changes in the tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 17, 245-265.
28. Li, T., B. Wang, C.-P Chang, and Y. Zhang, 2003: A theory for the Indian Ocean dipole/zonal mode. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2119-2135.
29. Louis, J. F., M. Tiedke, and J. F. Geleyn, 1982: A short history of the operational PBL parameterization at ECMWF. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization, Reading, United Kingdom, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 59-80.
30. Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
31. Pacanowski, R. C., and S. G. H. Philander, 1981: Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of tropical oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443-1451.
32. Palmer, T., and D. L. T. Anderson, 1994: Prospects for seasonal forecasting- A review paper. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120 755-793.
33. Pegion, P., S. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez, 2000: An assessment of the predictability of northern winter seasonal means with the NSIPP1 AGCM. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 18, 100 pp.
34. Philander, S. G. H., 1990: El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, 293 pp.
35. Rao, S. A., S. K. Behera, Y. Masumoto, and T. Yamagata, 2002: Interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean with a special emphasis on the Indian Ocean Dipole. Deep-Sea Res., 49, 1549-1572.
36. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7 929-948.
37. Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M. Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
38. Rosati, A., K. Miyakoda, and R. Gudgel, 1997: The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 754-772.
39. Sadourny, R., 1975: The dynamics of finite-difference models of the shallow-water equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 680-689.
40. Saji, N. H., and T. Yamagata, 2003: Structure of SST and surface wind variability during Indian Ocean Dipole Mode years: COADS observations. J. Climate, 16, 2735-2751.
41. Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran, and T. Yamagata, 1999: A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature, 401, 360-363.
42. Schopf, P. S., and A. Loughe, 1995: A reduced-gravity isopycnal ocean model: Hindcasts of El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2839-2863.
43. Sellers, P. J., and Coauthors 1996: A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMS. Part I: Model formulation. J. Climate, 9, 676-705.
44. Smith, S. R., D. M. Legler, and K. V. Verzone, 2001: Quantifying uncertainties in NCEP reanalyses using high quality research vessel observations. J. Climate, 14, 4062-4072.
45. Stephens, C., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, M. E. Conkright, R. A. Locarnini, T. D. O'Brien, and H. E. Garcia, 2002: Temperature. Vol. 1, World Ocean Atlas 2001, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 49,167 pp.
46. Suarez, M. J., and L. L. Takacs, 1995: Documentation of the ARIES/GEOS dynamical core: Version 2. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 5, 53 pp.
47. Takacs, L. L., and M. J. Suarez, 1996: Dynamical aspects of climate simulations using the GEOS general circulation model. NASA Tech. Memo. 104606, Vol. 10, 71 pp.
48. Venzke, S., M. Latif, and A. Willock, 2000: The coupled GCM ECHO-2: Part II: Indian Ocean response to ENSO. J. Climate, 13, 1371-1383.
49. Vinayachandran, P. N., S. Iizuka, and T. Yamagata, 2002: Indian Ocean dipole mode events in an ocean general circulation model. Deep-Sea Res., 49B, 1573-1596.
50. Wajsowicz, R. C., and E. K. Schneider, 2001: The Indonesian through-flow's effect on global climate determined from the COLA Coupled Climate System. J. Climate, 14, 3029-3042.
51. Wajsowicz, R. C., and P. S. Schopf, 2001: Oceanic influences on the seasonal cycle in evaporation over the Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 14, 3029-3042.
52. Webster, P. J., A. M. Moore, J. P. Loschnigg, and R. R. Leben, 1999: Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-98. Nature, 401, 356-360.
53. Yang, S., K. M. Lau, and P. S. Schopf, 1999: Sensitivity of the tropical Pacific Ocean to precipitation induced freshwater flux. Climate Dyn. 15, 737-750.
54. Yu, L., and M. M. Rienecker, 2000: The Indian Ocean warming of 1997-1998. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16 923-16 939.
55. Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1987: A model El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2262-2278.
56. Zhou, J., Y. C. Sud, and K.-M. Lau, 1996: Impact of orographically induced gravity-wave drag in the GLA GCM. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 122, 903-927.