Experimental demonstration of quantum correlations over more than 10 km

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 57, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 3229-3232

  Tittel, W ^a   Brendel, J ^a   Gisin, B ^a   Herzog, T ^a   Zbinden, H ^a   Gisin, N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 12144265585     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.3229     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. J. S. Bell, Physics (Long Island City, NY) 1, 195 (1964).PYCSAP
2. J. Freedman and J. F. Clauser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 938 (1972); PRLTAO
3. Phys. Rev. Lett.A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, 47, 460 (1981);
4. Phys. Rev. Lett.A. AspectP. GrangierG. Roger49, 91 (1982);
5. Phys. Rev. Lett.Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, 61, 50 (1988);
6. Phys. Rev. Lett.H. Shih and C. O. Alley, 61, 2921 (1988);
7. Phys. Rev. Lett.P. G. Kwiat et al, 75, 4337 (1995).
8. A. Aspect, J. Dalibard, and G. Roger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1804 (1982).PRLTAO
9. J. G. Rarity and P. R. Tapster, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2495 (1990).PRLTAO
10. J. Brendel, E. Mohler, and W. Martienssen, Europhys. Lett. 20, 575 (1992).EULEEJ
11. P. G. Kwiat, A. M. Steinberg, and R. Y. Chiao, Phys. Rev. A 47, R2472 (1993).PLRAAN
12. P. R. Tapster, J. G. Rarity, and P. C. M. Owens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1923 (1994). In this experiment one photon at 1300 nm went through 4 km of fibers to the first analyzer; however, the other photon at 820 nm went directly from the source to the second analyzer. Since the 4 km of fiber were on a spool, the physical distance between the two analyzers was only a few meters.PRLTAO
13. A. Einstein, in Born-Einstein Letters (Walker, New York, 1971), p. 158.
14. G. Weihs, H. Weihnfurter, and A. Zeilinger, in Experimental Metaphysics, edited by R. S. Cohen et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997), pp. 239–246.
15. C. H. Bennett et al, J. Cryptol. 5, 3 (1992); JOCREQ
16. A. K. Ekert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991); PRLTAO
17. Phys. Rev. Lett.A. K. Ekert, J. G. Rarity, P. R. Tapster, and M. Palma, 69, 1293 (1992).
18. Ch. H. Bennett and S. J. Wiesner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2881 (1992).PRLTAO
19. C. H. Bennett et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993).PRLTAO
20. D. Bohm and Y. Aharonov, Phys. Rev. 108, 1070 (1957).PHRVAO
21. A. Zeilinger, Phys. Lett. A 118, 1 (1986).PYLAAG
22. W. H. Zurek, Phys. Today 44 (10), 36 (1991).PHTOAD
23. W. H. Furry, Phys. Rev. 49, 393 (1936).PHRVAO
24. A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism (Clarendon, Oxford, 1961);
25. G. J. Béné, Pure Appl. Chem. 32, 67 (1972).PACHAS
26. M. Martinelli, J. Mod. Opt. 39, 451 (1992); JMOPEW
27. A. Muller, T. Herzog, B. Huttner, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 793 (1997).APPLAB
28. Ph. Pearle, Phys. Rev. D 13, 857 (1976); PRVDAQ
29. Phys. Rev. DG. C. Ghirardi, A. Rimini, and T. Weber, 34, 470 (1986);
30. N. Gisin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1657 (1984); PRLTAO
31. N. GisinHelv. Phys. Acta 62, 363 (1989).
32. For comments on 15 see J. L. Anderson, Phys. Today 46 (4), 13 (1993); PHTOAD
33. Phys. TodayG. Ghirardi, R. Grassi, and P. Pearle, 46 (4), 13 (1993);
34. Phys. TodayN. Gisin, 46 (4), 15 (1993);
35. Phys. TodayN. Gisin46(4), 81 (1993);
36. Phys. TodayD. Z. Albert and G. Feinberg, 46(4), 81 (1993);
37. Phys. TodayP. R. Holland, 46(4), 81 (1993);
38. Phys. TodayV. Ambegasker, 46(4), 82 (1993);
39. Phys. TodayK. J. Epstein, 46(4), 84 (1993);
40. Phys. TodayW. H. Zurek, 46(4), 84 (1993).
41. I. C. Percival, Phys. World 10(3), 43 (1997).PHWOEW
42. J. D. Franson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2205 (1989).PRLTAO
43. J. Brendel, E. Mohler, and W. Martienssen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1142 (1991).PRLTAO
44. W. Tittel, J. Brendel, T. Herzog, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, Europhys. Lett. 40, 595 (1997).EULEEJ
45. The accidental coincidence count rate was measured over a much longer time than the reported value for 20 s. Hence the accuracy of this value is better than 1%.
46. To determine the visibility corresponding to the measured data, we apply a least-squares fit (Formula presented) test), assuming the sinusoidal function (1) with (Formula presented) as the free parameter. The reliability of the best fit can be found by looking at the tolerated variation of the fitted parameters in order to keep the (Formula presented) value smaller than a certain limit. This threshold, depending on the number of measured data and the desired confidence level (as common in statistics, we choose 0.95), can be found in tables. Thus the probability that our data are corresponding to a sinusoidal function with a visibility of (Formula presented) is 0.95.
47. N. Gisin and B. Huttner, Phys. Lett. A 228, 13 (1997); PYLAAG
48. Ch. Fuchs et al, Phys. Rev. A 56, 1163 (1997); PLRAAN
49. N. Gisin and I. Cirac, Phys. Lett. A 229, 1 (1997).PYLAAG
50. In order to infer this violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt type of the Bell inequality, we make the usual assumption about the “detection loophole,” i.e., we identify probabilities with counting frequencies. Moreover, we use a natural symmetry argument to assume (Formula presented) and similarly for (Formula presented) and (Formula presented).
51. P. Pearle, Phys. Rev. D 2, 1418 (1970); PRVDAQ
52. J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969); PRLTAO
53. E. Santos, Phys. Rev. A 46, 3646 (1992). The following proposals aim at closing this loophole: PLRAAN
54. Phys. Rev. AP. Kwiat et al, 49, 3209 (1994);
55. Phys. Rev. AE. S. Fry, T. Walther, and S. Li, 52, 4381 (1995);
56. Phys. Rev. AHuelga et al, 51, 5008 (1995).
57. D. Boumeester et al, Nature (London) 390, 575 (1997). NATUAS