Revisiting the 'pivot': The influence of Halford Mackinder on analysis of Uzbekistan's international relations

Geographical Journal

Volumn 170, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 347-358

  Megoran, Nick ^a  

^a SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Critical geopolitics; Mackinder; Uzbekistan

Indexed keywords

FOREIGN POLICY; GEOPOLITICS; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; UZBEKISTAN; WEST ASIA; WORLD;

EID: 12144265057     PISSN: 00167398     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00136.x     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Ahrari E 2003 The strategic future of Central Asia: a view from Washington Journal of International Affairs 56 157-66
2. Albion A 2003 Uzbekistan's new balancing act RFE/RL Newsline 176 (Part I) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Prague
3. Allworth E 1990 The modern Uzbeks Hoover, Stanford
4. Barkovsky A and Islamova R 2003 Where is GUUAM heading? Central Asia and the Caucasus 2 151-7
5. Bassin M 1999 Imperial visions: nationalist imagination and geographical expansion in the Russian Far East, 1840-1865 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
6. Bennigsen A and Broxup M 1983 The Islamic threat to the Soviet State Croom Helm, London
7. Blouet B 1987 Halford Mackinder: a biography Texas A&M University Press, College Station TX
8. Blouet B 2001 Geopolitics and globalization in the twentieth century Reaktion, London
9. Bohr A 1998a The Central Asian states as nationalising regimes in Smith G, Law V, Wilson A, Bohr A and Allworth E eds Nation-building in the post-Soviet borderlands: the politics of national identities Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 139-64
10. Bohr A 1998b Uzbekistan: politics and foreign policy Royal Institute of International Affairs, London
11. Brezezinski Z 1997 The grand chessboard: American primacy and its geostrategic imperatives Basic Books, New York
12. Burghart D 2002 In the tracks of Tamerlane: Central Asia's path to the twenty-first century European Security 11 1-19
13. Central Asia and the Caucasus 2003a Special feature: Russia and the West Central Asia and the Caucasus 1 (19)
14. Central Asia and the Caucasus 2003b Special feature: Muslim centres of power: their impact on the situation Central Asia and the Caucasus 2(20)
15. Clark S 1994 The Central Asian states: defining security priorities and developing military forces in Mandelbaum M ed Central Asia and the world: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan Council on Foreign Relations, New York 177-205
16. Churchyard S 2002 Tyranny in the name of freedom Red Pepper February 2003 16-17
17. Coones P 1987 Mackinder's 'scope and methods of geography' after a hundred years School of Geography, University of Oxford
18. Cornell S 2000 Uzbekistan: a regional player in Eurasian geopolitics? European Security 9 115-40
19. Dalby S 1990 Creating the second Cold War: the discourse of politics Pinter, London
20. Dalby S 1993 The 'Kiwi disease': geopolitical discourse in Aotearoa/New Zealand and the South Pacific Political Geography 12 437-56
21. Dalby S 2002 Environmental security University of Minnesota Press, London
22. Edwards M 2003 The new great game and the new great gamers: disciples of Kipling and Mackinder Central Asian Survey 22 83-102
23. Fettweis C 2000 Sir Halford Mackinder, geopolitics, and policymaking in the 21st century Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly 58-71 (http://www.carlisle-http://www.army.mil/usawc/ Parameters/00summer/fettweis.htm) Accessed July 2003
24. Foreign Policy Research Institute 2003 About Chris Seiple (http://www.fpri.org/) Accessed October 2003
25. Glenn J 1999 The Soviet legacy in Central Asia Macmillan, London
26. Gregory D 2004 The colonial present Blackwell, Oxford
27. Hall A 1955 Mackinder and the course of events Annals of the Association of American Geographers 45 109-26
28. Hauner M 1990 What is Asia to us? Russia's Asian heartland yesterday and today Unwin Hyman, London
29. Hepple L 1986 The revival of geopolitics Political Geography Quarterly 5 S21-36
30. Hooson D 1962 A new Soviet heartland? The Geographical Journal 128 19-29
31. Horsman S 1999 Uzbekistan's involvement in the Tajik Civil War 1992-1997: domestic considerations Central Asian Survey 18 37-48
32. Horsman S 2003 Independent Uzbekistan: ten years of gradualism or stagnation in Cummings S ed Oil, transition and security in Central Asia RoutledgeCurzon, London
33. Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan 1999 Uzbekistan: the atmosphere of terror and violence Turkistan Newsletter 3 (288) SOTA, Amsterdam
34. Human Rights Watch 2000 And it was hell all over again ... Torture in Uzbekistan Human Rights Watch, New York
35. Imart G 1987 The limits of inner Asia: some soul searching on new borders for an old frontier-land Indiana University, Bloomington
36. Ingram A 2001 Alexander Dugin: geopolitics and neo-fascism in post-Soviet Russia Political Geography 20 1029-51
37. Institute for Global Engagement 2003 Chris Seiple (http://www.globalengage.org) Accessed October 2003
38. International Crisis Group 2003 Persecution of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Uzbekistan. A report detailing the cruel persecution and rights abuses against the members of Hizb ut-Tahrir and the people of Uzbekistan, by the country's repressive government under its president Islam Karimov since June 2002 ICG, Brussels
39. Jalilov A 2002 Milliy istiqlol mafkurasining iqtisodiy va huquqiy negizi to'g'risida ijtimoiy Fiqr - Inson Huquqlari 1 40-50
40. Jalolov A and Qo'chqor X eds 2000 Mustaqillik: Izoxli Ilmiy-Ommabop Lug'at Sharq, Tashkent
41. Jones S 2000 Introduction in Bertsch G, Craft C, Jones S and Beck M eds Crossroads and conflict: security and foreign policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia Routledge, London 1-21
42. Kangas R 2002 Uzbekistan: the Karimov presidency - Amir Timur revisited in Cummings S ed Power and change in Central Asia Routledge, London 130-49
43. Karimov I 1997 Uzbekistan on the threshold of the twenty-first century Curzon, Richmond
44. Karimov I 1998 Tarihiy Xotirasiz Kelajak Yo'q Sharq, Tashkent
45. Kazemi L 2003 Domestic sources of Uzbekistan's foreign policy Journal of International Affairs 56 205-16
46. Kearns G 1985 Halford John Mackinder: 1861-1947 in Freeman T W ed Geographers Bibliographical Studies 9 71-86 Mansell, London
47. Khidoyatov G 1996 The builder of a new Maverannahr Labyrinth: Central Asia Quarterly 3 42-5
48. Kolossov V and Turovsky R 2001 Russian geopolitics at the finde-siecle Geopolitics 6 141-64
49. Kuzio T 2000 Geopolitical pluralism in the CIS: the emergence of GUUAM European Security 9 81-114
50. Lee J 2003 In the eye of the beholder: why human-rights abuses justify war on Iraq, but are rewarded in Uzbekistan New Internationalist 360 6
51. Lewis M and Wigen K 1997 The myth of continents: a critique of metageography University of California Press, London
52. Mackinder H 1887 On the scope and methods of geography Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 9 141-74
53. Mackinder H 1904 The geographical pivot of history The Geographical Journal 23 421-37
54. Mackinder H 1919 Democratic ideals and reality: a study in the politics of reconstruction Constable and Company, London
55. Mackinder H 1943 The round world and the winning of the peace Foreign Affairs 21 595-605
56. Maclean F 1949 Eastern approaches J. Cape, London
57. March A 2002 The use and abuse of history: 'national ideology' as transcendental object in Islam Karimov's 'ideology of national independence' Central Asian Survey 21 371-84
58. McDermott R 2003 The armed forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan 1992-2002: threats, influences and reform Journal of Slavic Military Studies 16 27-50
59. Megoran N 2002 The borders of eternal friendship? The politics and pain of nationalism and identity along the Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan Ferghana valley boundary Unpublished PhD thesis 1999-2000 Department of Geography, University of Cambridge
60. Melvin N 2000 Uzbekistan: transition to authoritarianism on the silk road Overseas Publishers Association, Amsterdam
61. Mills D 1956 The U.S.S.R.: a re-appraisal of Mackinder's heartland concept Scottish Geographical Magazine 72 144-53
62. Minasian S 2003 CIS: building a collective security system Central Asia and the Caucasus 1 131-7
63. Olcott M B 2003 Taking stock of Central Asia Journal of International Affairs 56 3-17
64. O'Loughlin J 2000 Ordering the 'Crush Zone': geopolitical games in post-Cold War Eastern Europe in Kliot N and Newman D eds Geopolitics at the end of the twentieth century: the changing world political map Frank Cass, London 34-56
65. O'Loughlin J 2001 Geopolitical fantasies, national strategies and ordinary Russians in the post-communist era Geopolitics 6 17-48
66. Ó Tuathail G 1996 Critical geopolitics: the politics of writing global space Routledge, London
67. Ó Tuathail G and Agnew J 1992 Geopolitics and discourse: practical geopolitical reasoning in American foreign policy Political Geography 11 190-204
68. Ó Tuathail G and Dalby S 1998 Introduction: rethinking geopolitics: towards a critical geopolitics in Ó Tuathail G and Dalby S eds Rethinking geopolitics Routledge, London 1-15
69. Parker W H 1982 Mackinder: geography as an aid to statecraft Clarendon, Oxford
70. Polat N 2002 Boundary issues in Central Asia Transnational Publishers, Ardsley
71. Polelle M 1999 Raising cartographic consciousness: the social and foreign policy vision of geopolitics in the twentieth century Lexington, Oxford
72. Robbins G 1994 The post-Soviet heartland: reconsidering Mackinder Eurasian Studies 1 34-44
73. Roy O 2000 The new Central Asia: the creation of nations I.B. Tauris, London
74. Schoeberlein J 1999 Marginal centrality: Central Asian studies on the eve of a new millennium in Juntunen M and Schlyter B eds Return to the silk routes: current Scandinavian research on Central Asia Kegan Paul, London 23-44
75. Seiple C 1996 The U.S. military/NGO relationship in humanitarian interventions US Army Peacekeeping Institute, Carlisle PA
76. Seiple C 2000 The Eurasian 'Shatterzone': the politics of geography and a US foreign policy Unpublished draft of PhD chapter 1 May
77. Seiple C 2001a Strategic objectives: Central Asia September (http://www.globalengage.org) Accessed July 2003
78. Seiple C 2001b Yes, Uzbekistan September (http://www.globalengage.org) Accessed July 2003
79. Seiple C 2002a Scope of the problem & research questions Unpublished statement 24 August
80. Seiple C 2002b Seeing Uzbekistan: from cliché to clarity January (http://www.globalengage.org) Accessed July 2003
81. Seiple C 2003a Baghdad spring March (http://www.fpri.org) Accessed November 2003
82. Seiple C 2003b Mackinder: his life and writings, a heartland philosophy Unpublished draft of PhD chapter summer 2003
83. Seiple C 2003c Wars and rumours of (preemptive) wars Brandywine Review of Faith & International Affairs 1 41-7
84. Sharapova S 2002 Uzbekistan's multisided diplomacy in the context of antiterrorist campaign Central Asia and the Caucasus 4 85-93
85. Sharapova S 2003 The U.S.-Western Europe-Russia triangle and Central Asia Central Asia and the Caucasus 1 65-72
86. Sharp J 2000 Condensing the Cold War: Reader's Digest and American identity University of Minnesota Press, London
87. Sievers E 2003 Modern regression: Central Asian markets, democracy, and spoils systems Harvard Asia Quarterly 7 43-52
88. Sloan G 1999 Sir Halford J. Mackinder: the heartland theory then and now Journal of Strategic Studies 22 15-38
89. Smith G 1996 The Soviet state and nationalities policy in Smith G ed The nationalities question in the post-Soviet states Longman, London 2-22
90. Smith G 1998 Post-colonialism and borderland identities in Smith G, Law V, Wilson A, Bohr A and Allworth E eds Nation-building in the post-Soviet borderlands the politics of national identities Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1-20
91. Smith G 1999a The masks of Proteus: Russia, geopolitical shift and the new Eurasianism Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24 481-500
92. Smith G 1999b The post-Soviet states: mapping the politics of transition Arnold, London
93. Sodiqov H, Shamsutdinov P, Ravhshanov Q and Usmonov Q 2000 Turkiston Chor Rossiyasi Mustamlakamchiligi Davrida Sharq, Tashkent
94. Soucek S 2000 A history of inner Asia Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
95. Starr S F 1996 Making Eurasia stable Foreign Affairs 75 80-92
96. Thaulow M 2001 Timur Lenk før og nu- et spørgsmål om image Jordens Folk 36 13-18
97. Tolipov F 2003 Are the heartland and rimland changing in the wake of the operation in Afghanistan? Central Asia and the Caucasus 5 99-107
98. Torbakov I 2001 Russian planners reexamining 'Great Game' concepts for clues on future policy in Eurasia Insight Open Society Institute, New York (http://www.eurasianet.org) Accessed July 2003
99. Toshev S 2000 O'zbekiston tashqi siyosatining asosiy tamoyillari Ijtimoiy Fiqr - Inson Huquqlari 1-2 24-8
100. Watson G 1998 Beyond the great game: British images of Central Asia c. 1820-1920 Unpublished PhD thesis School of Modern Asian Studies Griffith University, Brisbane
101. Whitlock M 2003 UK envoy back at work in Tashkent BBC News 15 November 2003 (http://www.bbc.co.uk) Accessed March 2004
102. Yuldasheva G 1996 Modern Uzbekistan - problems of development: through the eyes of foreign researchers Labyrinth: Central Asia Quarterly 3 38-41
103. Ziyo A 2000 O'zbek Davlatchiligi Tarixi: Eng Qadamgi Davrdan Rossiya Bosqiniga Qadar Sharq, Tashkent
104. Zotov O 2000 Outlooks of the Bishkek Treaty in the light of Timur's geopolitics and political development trends of late Xx-beginning of Xxi century Central Asia 8 December (http://greatgame.no.sapo.pt/asian_central.htm) Accessed July 2003
105. Zotov O 2001 Pro-American military and political blocs around the Caspian basin livening up (http://greatgame.no.sapo.pt/acopiniao/ pro_american_military_and_political_blocs.htm) Accessed July 2003