Influence of the serotonin transporter promoter gene and shyness on children's cerebral responses to facial expressions

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 62, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 85-94

  Battaglia, Marco ^a,b,c,d   Ogliari, Anna ^a   Zanoni, Annalisa ^a   Citterio, Alessandra ^a   Pozzoli, Uberto ^b   Giorda, Roberto ^b   Maffei, Cesare ^a   Marino, Cecilia ^b  

^a VITA SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^b SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^c Norway   (Norway)

^d SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;

ARTICLE; BRAIN FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DNA POLYMORPHISM; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PROMOTER REGION; PSYCHOMETRY; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PHOBIA;

AFFECT; ANGER; BRAIN; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; COHORT STUDIES; EVOKED POTENTIALS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENOTYPE; HOSTILITY; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS; PHOBIC DISORDERS; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; SHYNESS; VARIATION (GENETICS); VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 11844278188     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.1.85     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Tillfors M, Furmark T, Marteinsdottir I, Fischer H, Pissiota A, Langstrom B, Fredrikson M. Cerebral blood flow in subjects with social phobia during stressful speaking tasks: a PET study. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1220-1226.
2. Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, Fera F, Weinberger DR. Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:494-501.
3. Adolphs R. Neural systems for recognizing emotion. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2002;12:169-177.
4. Nomura M, Ohira H, Haneda K, IidakaT, Sadato N, Okada T, Yonekura Y. Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2004;21:352-363.
5. Hariri AR, Bookheimer SY, Mazziotta JC. Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport. 2000;11:43-48.
6. Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Farvolden P, Dakman JM. The neurobiology of social phobia; from pharmacotherapy to brain imaging. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2000; 2:358-366.
7. Reiman EM. The application of positron emission tomography to the study of normal and pathologic emotions. J Clin Psychiatry, 1997;58(suppl 16):4-12.
8. Stein MB, Goldin PR, Sareen J, Zorrilla LT, Brown GG. Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:1027-1034.
9. Birbaumer N, Grodd W, Diedrich O, Klose U, Erb M, Lotze M, Schneider F, Weiss U, Flor H. fMRI reveals amygdala activation to human faces in social phobics. Neuroreport. 1998;9:1223-1226.
10. Morris JS, Frith CD, Perrett DI, Rowland D, Young AW, Calder AJ, Dolan RJ. A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions. Nature. 1996;383:812-815.
11. Horley K, Williams LM, Gonsalvez C, Gordon E. Social phobics do not see eye to eye: a visual scanpath study of emotional expression processing. J Anxiety Disord. 2003;17:33-44.
12. Battaglia M, Ogliari A, Zanoni A, Villa F, Citterio A, Binaghi F, Fossati A, Maffei C. Children's discrimination of expressions of emotions: relationship with indices of social anxiety and shyness. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43:358-365.
13. Simonian SJ, Beidel DC, Turner SM, Berkes JL, Long JH. Recognition of facial affect by children and adolescents diagnosed with social phobia. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2001;32:137-145.
14. Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N. Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science. 1988;240:167-171.
15. Biederman J, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Rosenbaum JF, Herot C, Friedman D, Snidman N, Kagan J, Faraone SV. Further evidence of association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1673-1679.
16. Schwartz CE, Wright CI, Shin LM, Kagan J, Rauch SL. Inhibited and uninhibited infants "grown up": adult amygdalar response to novelty. Science. 2003;300:1952-1953.
17. Whalen PJ. Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1998;7:177-187.
18. Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, Kolachana B, Fera F, Goldman D, Egan MF, Weinberger DR. Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science. 2002;297:400-403.
19. Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, Sabol SZ, Sreenberg BD, Petri S, Benjamin J, Muller CR, Hamer DH, Murphy DL. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science. 1996;274: 1527-1531.
20. Munafo MR, Clark TG, Moore LR, Payne E, Walton R, Flint J. Genetic polymorphisms and personality in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2003;8:471-484.
21. Arbelle S, Benjamin J, Golin M, Kremer I, Belmaker RH, Ebstein RP. Relation of shyness in grade school children to the genotype for the long form of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:671-676.
22. Picton TW, Bentin S, Berg P, Donchin E, Hillyard SA, Johnson R Jr, Miller GA, Ritter W, Ruchkin DS, Rugg MD, Taylor MJ. Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology. 2000;37:127-152.
23. Pizzagalli D, Lehmann D, Koenig T, Regard M, Pascual-Marqui RD. Face-elicited ERPs and affective attitude: brain electric microstate and tomography analyses. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000;111:521-531.
24. Munte TF, Brack M, Grootheer O, Wieringa BM, Matzke M, Johannes S. Brain potentials reveal the timing of face identity and expression judgments. Neurosci Res. 1998;30:25-34.
25. van Beijsterveldt CE, van Baal GC. Twin and family studies of the human electroencephalogram: a review and a meta-analysis. Biol Psychol. 2002;61:111-129.
26. Batty M, Taylor MJ. Visual categorization during childhood: an ERP study. Psychophysiology. 2002;39:482-490.
27. Pollak SD, Klorman R, Thatcher JE, Cicchetti D. P3b reflects maltreated children's reactions to facial displays of emotion. Psychophysiology. 2001;38:267-274.
28. Coch D, Maron L, Wolf M, Holcomb PJ. Word and picture processing in children: an event-related potential study. Dev Neuropsychol. 2002;22:373-406.
29. Eimer M. Effects of face inversion on the structural encoding and recognition of faces: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2000;10:145-158.
30. Schweinberger SR, Burton AM. Covert recognition and the neural system for face processing. Cortex. 2003;39:9-30.
31. Posamentier MT, Abdi H. Processing faces and facial expressions. Neuropsychol Rev. 2003;13:113-143.
32. Olivares EI, Iglesias J, Rodriguez-Holguin S. Long-latency ERPs and recognition of facial identity. J Cogn Neurosi. 2003;15:136-151.
33. Le Doux JE. The Emotional Brain. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1996.
34. Williams LM, Liddell BJ, Rathjen J, Brown KJ, Gray J, Phillips M, Young A, Gordon E. Mapping the time course of non-conscious and conscious perception of fear: an integration of central and peripheral measures. Hum Brain Mapp. 2004;21:64-74.
35. Stevenson-Hinde J, Glover A. Shy girls and boys: a new look. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1996;37:181-187.
36. Cloninger CR, Przybeck TR, Svrakic DM, Wetzel RD. The Temperament and Character Inventory. St Louis, Mo: Dept of Psychiatry, Washington University; 1994.
37. Dummit ES III, Klein RG, Tancer NK, Asche B, Martin J, Fairbanks JA. Systematic assessment of 50 children with selective mutism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:653-660.
38. Ambrosini PJ. Historical development and present status of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children (K-SADS). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:49-58.
39. Achenbach TM. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist 4-18 and Profile. Burlington: Dept of Psychiatry, University of Vermont; 1991.
40. Hollingshead AB. Four-Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven, Conn: Dept of Sociology, Yale University; 1975.
41. Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Stober G, Riederer P, Bengel D, Lesch KP. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem. 1996;66:2621-2624.
42. Compton SN, Nelson AH, March JS, Social phobia and separation anxiety symptoms in community and clinical samples of children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:1040-1046.
43. Camras LA, Allison K. Children's understanding of emotional facial expressions and verbal labels. J Nonverbal Behav. 1985;9:84-94.
44. Ekman P, Friesen WV. Pictures of Facial Affect. Palo Alto, Calif; Consulting Psychologists Press; 1976.
45. Dailey MN, Cottrell GW, Padgett C, Adolphs R. EMPATH: a neural network that categorizes facial expressions. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002;14:1158-1173.
46. Canli T, Sivers H, Whitfield SL, Gotlib IH, Gabrieli JD. Amygdala response to happy faces as a function of extraversion. Science. 2002;296:2191.
47. Kestenbaum R, Nelson CA. Neural and behavioral correlates of emotion recognition in children and adults. J Exp Child Psychol. 1992;54:1-18.
48. Bentin S, Deouell LY. Structural encoding and identification in face processing: ERP evidence for separate mechanisms. Cogn Neuropsychol. 2000;17:35-54.
49. Waldman ID, Rowe DC, Abramowitz A, Kozel ST, Mohr JH, Sherman SL, Cleveland HH, Sanders ML, Gard JMC, Stever C. Association and linkage of the dopamine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: heterogeneity owing to diagnostic subtype and severity. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;63:1767-1776.
50. Marino C, Vanzin L, Giorda R, Frigerio A, Lorusso ML, Nobile M, Molteni M, Battaglia M. An assessment of transmission disequilibrium between quantitative measures of childhood problem behaviors and DRD2/Taql and DRD4/48bp-repeat polymorphisms. Behav Genet. 2004;34:495-502.
51. Dolan RJ. Emotional processing in the human brain revealed by functional imaging. In: Corbetta MD, Corbetta M, eds. The New Cognitive Neurosciences. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 2000:858-879.
52. Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. Emotion, motivation, and anxiety: brain mechanisms and psychophysiology. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44:1248-1263.
53. Sprengelmeyer R, Rausch M, Eysel UT, Przuntek H. Neural structures associated with recognition of facial expressions of basic emotions. Proc P Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1998;265:1927-1931.
54. Felmingham KL, Bryant RA, Gordon E. Processing angry and neutral faces in posttraumatic stress disorder: an event-related potentials study. Neuroreport. 2003;14:777-780.
55. Hariri AR, Weinberger DR. Imaging genomics. Br Med Bull. 2003;65:259-270.
56. Haxby JV, Hoffman EA, Gobbini MI. The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4:223-233.
57. Kagan J, Reznick S, Snidman N, Johnson MO, Gibbons J, Gersten M, Biederman J, Rosenbaum J. Origins of panic disorder. In: Ballenger JC, ed. Neurobiology of Panic Disorder. New York, NY: Alan R Liss Inc; 1990:71-87.
58. Battaglia M, Bajo S, Ferini-Strambi L, Brambilla F, Castronovo C, Vanni G, Bellodi L. Physiological and behavioral responses to minor stressors in offspring of patients with panic disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 1997;31:365-376.