Global P and PP traveltime tomography: Rays versus waves

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 158, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 637-654

  Montelli, R ^a   Nolet, G ^a   Masters, G ^b   Dahlen, F A ^a   Hung, S H ^c  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Fr chet derivatives; Global seismology; Mantle plumes; P waves; Ray theory; Tomography

Indexed keywords

MANTLE PLUME; P-WAVE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC WAVE; TRAVEL TIME;

EID: 1142294504     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02346.x     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Barber, C.B., Dobkin, D.P. & Huhdanpaa, H.T., 1996. The Quickhull algorithm for convex hulls, ACM Trans. Math. Software, 22, 469-483.
2. Bijwaard, H. & Spakman, W., 1999. Tomographic evidence for a narrow whole mantle plume below Iceland, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 166, 121-126.
3. Bijwaard, H., Spakman, W. & Engdahl, E.R., 1998. Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography, J. geophys. Res., 103, 30 055-30 078.
4. Bolton, H. & Masters, G., 2001. Travel times of P and S from global digital seismic networks: implication for the relative variation of P and S velocity in the mantle, J. geophys. Res., 106, 13 527-13 540.
5. Cardimora, S. & Garmany, J., 1993. Smoothing operators for waveform tomographic imaging, Geophysics, 58, 1646-1654.
6. Castle, J.C., Creager, K.C., Winchester, J.P. & Van der Hilst, R.D., 2000. Shear wave speeds at the base of the mantle, J. geophys. Res., 105, 21 543-21 557.
7. Crough, S.T. & Jurdy, D.M., 1980. Subducted lithosphere, hot-spots and the geoid, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 48, 15-22.
8. Dahlen, F.A., Hung, S.-H. & Nolet, G., 2000. Fréchet kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes - I. Theory, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 157-174.
9. Dziewonski, A.M., Su, W.-J. & Woodward, R.L., 1991. Grand structures of the Earth's interior, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 72, 451.
10. Dziewonski, A.M., Forte, A.M., Su, W.-J. & Woodward, R., 1993. Seismic tomography and geodynamics, in, Relating Geophysical Structures and Processes: The Jeffreys Volume, AGU Geophys. Monograph 76, pp. 67-105, eds Aki, K. & Dmowska, R., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
11. Foulger, G.R., 2003. Plumes, or plate tectonic processes?, Astron. Geophys., 43, 6.19-6.23.
12. Foulger, G.R. & Pearson, D.G., 2001. Is Iceland underlain by a plume in the lower mantle? Seismology and helium isotopes, Geophys. J. Int., 145, F1-F5.
13. Foulger, G.R. et al., 2001. Seismic tomography shows that upwelling beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 146, 504-530.
14. Gelchinsky, B., 1985. The formulae for the calculation of the Fresnel zones or volumes, J. Geophys., 57, 33-41.
15. Grand, S.P., 1994. Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans, J. geophys. Res., 99, 11 591-11 621.
16. Grand, S.P., Van der Hilst, R.D. & Widiyantoro, S., 1997. Global seismic tomography: a snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1-3.
17. Gu, Y.J., Dziewonski, A.M., Su, W. & Ekström, G., 2001. Models of the mantle shear velocity and discontinuities in the pattern of lateral heterogeneities, J. geophys. Res., 106, 11 169-11 199.
18. Hagendoorn, O., 1954. A process of seismic reflection interpretation, Geophys. Prospec., 2, 85-127.
19. Hung, S.-H., Dahlen, F.A. & Nolet, G., 2000. Fréchet kernels for finite-frequency travel times - II. Examples, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 175-203.
20. Husen, S. & Kissling, E., 2001. Local earthquake tomography between rays and waves: fat ray tomography, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 123, 129-149.
21. Karato, S.-I., 1993. Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1623-1626.
22. Kennett, B.L.N. & Engdahl, E.R., 1991. Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 429-465.
23. Kravtsov, Y.A., 1988. Rays and caustics as physical objects, in, Progress in Optics XXVI, pp. 229-348, ed. Wolf, E., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
24. Kuo, B.-Y., Forsyth, D.W. & Wysession, M., 1987. Lateral heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy in the North Atlantic determined from SS-S differential travel times, J. geophys. Res., 92, 6421-6436.
25. Larson, R.L., 1991. Latest pulse of Earth: evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume, Geology, 19, 547-550.
26. Liu, X.-F. & Dziewonski, A.M., 1998. Global analysis of shear wave velocity anomalies in the lower-most mantle, in The Core-Mantle Boundary Region, AGU Geodynamics Series 28, pp. 21-36, eds Gurnis, M., Wysession, M., Knittle, E. & Buffett, B., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
27. Li, X.-D. & Tanimoto, T., 1993. Waveforms of long-period body waves in a slightly aspherical Earth model, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 695-709.
28. Marquering, H., Nolet, G. & Dahlen, F.A., 1998. Three-dimensional waveform sensitivity kernels, Geophys. J. Int., 132, 521-534.
29. Marquering, H., Dahlen, F.A. & Nolet, G., 1999. Three-dimensional sensitivity kernels for finite-frequency travel times: the banana-doughnut paradox, Geophys. J. Int., 137, 805-815.
30. Masters, G., Johnson, S., Laske, G. & Bolton, H., 1996. A shear-velocity model of the mantle, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 354, 1385-1411.
31. McNutt, M.K., 1998. Superswells, Rev. Geophys., 36, 211-244.
32. Mégnin, C. & Romanowicz, B., 2000. The three-dimensional shear velocity structure of the mantle from the inversion of body, surface and higher-mode waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 709-728.
33. Montelli, R., Nolet, G., Masters, G., Dahlen, F.A. & Hung, S.-H., 2004. Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle, Science, 303, 338-343.
34. Müller, G., Roth, M. & Korn, M., 1992. Seismic-wave traveltimes in random media, Geophys. J. Int., 110, 29-41.
35. Nolet, G., 1985. Solving or resolving inadequate and noisy tomographic systems, J. Comput. Phys., 61, 463-482.
36. Nolet, G., 1987. Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography, in, Seismic Tomography, pp. 1-23, ed. Nolet, G., Reidel, Dordrecht.
37. Nolet, G., 1990. Partitioned wave-form inversion and 2D structure under the NARS array, J. geophys. Res., 95, 8513-8526.
38. Nolet, G. & Dahlen, F.A., 2000. Wavefront healing and the evolution of seismic delay times, J. geophys. Res., 105, 19 043-19 054.
39. Paige, C.C. & Saunders, M.A., 1982. LSQR: an algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares, ACM Trans. Math. Software, 8, 43-71.
40. Parker, R.L., 1994. Geophysical Inverse Theory, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
41. Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T. & Flannery, B.P., 1992. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77, The Art of Scientific Computing, Vol. 1, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
42. Ritsema, J., Van Heijst, H.J. & Woodhouse, J.H., 1999. Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, Science, 286,1925-1928.
43. Ritzwoller, M.H., Shapiro, N.M., Barmin, M.P. & Levshin, A.L., 2002. Global surface wave diffraction tomography, J. geophys. Res., 107, doi: 10.1029/2002JB001777.
44. Romanowicz, B. & Gung, Y.C., 2002. Superplumes from the core-mantle boundary to the lithosphere: implications for heat flux, Science, 296, 513-516.
45. Sambridge, M., Braun, J. & McQueen, H., 1995. Geophysical parametrization and interpolation of irregular data using natural neighbours, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 837-857.
46. Spakman, W. & Nolet, G., 1988. Imaging algorithms, accuracy and resolution in delay time tomography, in Mathematical Geophysics, pp. 155-188, eds Vlaar, N.J., Nolet, G., Wortel, M.J.R. & Cloetingh, S.A.P.L., Reidel, Dordrecht.
47. Stark, P.B. & Nikolayev, D.I., 1993. Toward tubular tomography, J. geophys. Res., 98, 8095-8106.
48. Stewart, R.C., 1984. Q and the rise and fall of a seismic pulse, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 76, 793-805.
49. Su, W.-J., Woodward, R.L. & Dziewonski, A.M., 1994. Degree 12 model of shear velocity heterogeneity in the mantle, J. geophys. Res., 99, 6945-6980.
50. VanDecar, J.C. & Crosson, R.S., 1990. Determination of teleseismic relative phase arrival times using multi-channel cross correlation and least squares, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 80, 150-169.
51. Van der Hilst, R.D., Widiyantoro, S. & Engdahl, E.R., 1997. Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography, Nature, 386, 578-584.
52. Van der Voo, R., Spakman, W. & Bijwaard, H., 1999. Mesozoic subducted slabs under Siberia, Nature, 397, 246-249.
53. Vasco, D.W. & Majer, E.L., 1993. Wavepath travel time tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 115, 1055-1069.
54. Watson, D.F., 1981. Computing the n-dimensional Delaunay tesselation with application to Voronoi polytopes, Comput. J., 24, 167-172.
55. Watson, D.F., 1992. Contouring: a Guide to the Analysis and Display of Spatial Data, Pergamon, Oxford.
56. Wessel, P. & Smith, W. H.F., 1995. New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 76, 329.
57. Wielandt, E., 1987. On the validity of the ray approximation for interpreting delay times, in Seismic Tomography, pp. 85-98, ed. Nolet, G., Reidel, Dordrecht.
58. Woodward, M.J., 1992. Wave equation tomography, Geophysics, 57, 15-26.
59. Woodward, R.L. & Masters, G., 1991. Global upper mantle structure from long-period differential travel times, J. geophys. Res., 96, 6351-6377.
60. Yomogida, K., 1992. Fresnel zone inversion for lateral heterogeneities in the Earth, Pageoph, 138, 391-406.
61. Yoshizawa, K. & Kennett, B.L.N., 2002. Three-dimensional Fréchet differential kernels for seismic delay times, Geophys. J. Int., 149, 440-453.
62. Zhao, L., Jordan, T.H. & Chapman, C.H., 2000. Three-dimensional Fréchet differential kernels for seismic delay times, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 558-576.
63. Zhao, L., Chen, L. & Jordan, T.H., 2001. Full Three-dimensional tomography experiments in the Western Pacific Region, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 82 (S52F-0698), 47.