Ultrasound evaluation of PCO, PCOS and OHSS

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 614-619

  Battaglia, Cesare ^a   Mancini, Fulvia ^a   Persico, Nicola ^a   Zaccaria, Valeria ^a   de Aloysio, Domenico ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Endocrinopathies; Hirsutism; OHSS; PCO; PCOS; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN;

ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LAPAROSCOPY; OVARY HYPERSTIMULATION; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; TRANSVAGINAL ECHOGRAPHY;

EID: 11144333035     PISSN: 14726483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61770-1     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Adams J, Franks S, Polson DW et al. 1985 Multifollicular ovaries: clinical and endocrine features and response to pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone. Lancet ii, 1375-1378.
2. Adams J, Polson DW, Franks S 1986 Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and idiopathic hirsutism. British Medical Journal 293, 335-359.
3. Agrawal R, Conway G, Sladkevicious P et al. 1998 Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and Doppler blood flow velocities in in vitro fertilization: relevance to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and polycystic ovaries. Fertility and Sterility 70, 651-658.
4. Ajossa S, Guerriero S, Paoletti AM et al. 2001 Uterine perfusion and hormonal pattern in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 18, 436-440.
5. Aleem FA, Predanic M 1996 Transvaginal color Doppler determination of the ovarian and uterine blood flow characteristics in polycystic ovary disease. Fertility and Sterility 65, 510-516.
6. Asch RH, Li HP, Balmaceda JP et al. 1991 Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in assisted reproductive technology: definition of high risk group. Human Reproduction 6, 1395-1399.
7. Atiomo WU, Pearson S, Shaw S et al. 2000 Ultrasound criteria in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 26, 977-998.
8. Balasch J, Arroyo V, Fabregues F et al. 1994 Neurohormonal and hemodynamic changes in severe cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine, 121, 27-33.
9. Battaglia C 2003 The role of ultrasound and Doppler analysis in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 22, 225-232.
10. Battaglia C, Artini PG, D'Ambrogio G et al. 1994 Uterine and ovarian blood flow measurement. Does the full bladder modify the flow resistance? Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavia 73 716-718.
11. Battaglia C, Artini PG, D'Ambrogio G et al. 1995 The role of color Doppler imaging in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 172, 108-113.
12. Battaglia C, Genazzani AD, Salvatori M et al. 1999a Doppler, ultrasonographic and endocrinological environment with regard to the number of small subcapsular follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology 13, 123-129.
13. Battaglia C, Regnani G, Petraglia F et al. 1999b Polycystic ovary syndrome: is it always bilateral? Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 14, 183-187.
14. Battaglia C, Regnani G, Artini PG et al. 2000 Polycystic ovary syndrome: a new ultrasonographic and color Doppler pattern. Gynecological Endocrinology 14, 417-424.
15. Battaglia C, Regnani G, Mancini F et al. 2002a Isolated premature pubarche: ultrasonographic and color Doppler analysis - a longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87, 3148-3154.
16. Battaglia C, Regnani G, Mancini F et al. 2002b Polycystic ovaries in childhood: a common finding in daughters of PCOS patients. A pilot study. Human Reproduction 17, 771-776.
17. Brannstrom M, Norman RJ 1993 Involvement of leukocytes and cytokines in the ovulatory process and corpus luteum function. Human Reproduction 8, 1762-1775.
18. Brinsden PR, Wada I, Tan SL et al. 1995 Diagnosis, prevention and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 102, 767-772.
19. Buckett WM, Bouzayen R, Watkin KL et al. 1999 Ovarian stromal echogenicity in women with normal and polycystic ovaries. Human Reproduction 14, 618-621.
20. Cheung AP, Chang RJ 1990 Polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 33, 655-667.
21. Clayton RN, Ogden V, Hodgkinson J et al. 1992 How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population. Clinical Endocrinology 37, 127-134.
22. Dolz M, Osborne NG, Blanes J et al. 1999 Polycystic ovarian syndrome: assessment with color Doppler angiography and three-dimensional ultrasonography. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 18, 303-313.
23. Dunaif A 1997 Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocrine Review 18, 774-800.
24. Eden JA 1988 Which is the best way to detect the polycystic ovary? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 28, 221-224.
25. Eden JA, Place GD, Carter GD et al. 1989 Is the polycystic ovary a cause of infertility in the ovulatory woman. Clinical Endocrinology 30, 77-82.
26. Ehrmann DA, Rosenfield RL, Barnes RB et al. 1992 Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 157-162.
27. Farber M, Madanes A, O'Briain DS et al. 1981 Asymmetric hyperthecosis ovarii. Obstetrics and Gynecology 57, 521-525.
28. Findlay JK 1986 Angiogenesis in reproductive tissues. Journal of Endocrinology 111, 357-366.
29. Fox R, Corrigan E, Thomas PA et al. 1991 The diagnosis of polycystic ovaries in women with oligo-amenorrhoea: predictive power of endocrine tests. Clinical Endocrinology 34, 127-131.
30. Fulghesu AM, Villa P, Pavone V et al. 1997 The impact of insulin secretion on the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82, 644-648.
31. Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Belosi C et al. 2001 A new ultrasound criterion for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: the ovarian stroma/total area ratio. Fertility and Sterility 76, 326-331.
32. Golan A, Ron-El R, Herman A et al. 1988 Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following D-Trp-6 luteinising hormone releasing hormone microcapsules and menotrophin for in vitro fertilization. Fertility and Sterility 50, 912-916.
33. Goldstein SR 1990 Incorporating endovaginal ultrasonography into the overall gynecologic examination. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 162, 625-632.
34. Goldzieher JW, Axelrod LR 1963 Clinical and biochemical features of polycystic ovarian disease. Fertility and Sterility 14, 631-653.
35. Homburg R 1996 Polycystic ovary syndrome - from gynaecological curiosity to multisystem endocrinopathy. Human Reproduction 11, 29-39.
36. Homburg R 2002 What is polycystic ovarian syndrome. A proposal for a consensus on the definition and diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Human Reproduction 17, 2495-2499.
37. Homburg R, Armar NA, Eshel A et al. 1988 Influence of serum luteinizing hormone concentrations on ovulation, conception and early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome. British Medical Journal 297, 1024-1026.
38. Hull MGR 1989 Polycystic ovarian disease: clinical aspects and prevalence. Research Clinical Forums 11, 21-34.
39. Insler V, Lunenfeld B 1990 Polycystic ovarian disease: a challenge and controversy. Gynecological Endocrinology 4, 51-69.
40. Insler V, Lunenfeld B 1991 Pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian disease: new insights. Human Reproduction 6, 1025-1029.
41. Julier C, Weil D, Couillin P et al. 1984 The beta chorionic gonadotropin-beta luteinizing gene cluster maps to human chromosome 19. Human Genetics 67, 174-177.
42. Kamat BR, Brown LF, Manseau EJ et al. 1995 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor vascular permeability factor by human granulose and theca lutein cells. Role in corpus luteum development. American Journal of Pathology 146, 157-165.
43. Kawakami M, Kubo, K, Uemura T et al. 1981 Involvement in ovarian innervation in steroid secretion. Endocrinology 109 136-145.
44. Kazer R, Kessel B, Yen S 1987 Circulating luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 65, 233-236.
45. Koskinen P, Penttila TA, Anttila L et al. 1996 Optimal use of hormone determinations in the biochemical diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 65, 517-522.
46. Kousta E, White DM, Cela E et al. 1999 The prevalence of polycystic ovaries with infertility. Human Reproduction 11 2720-2723.
47. Legro RS 1995 The genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome. American Journal of Medicine 98, 9S-16S.
48. Matsunaga I, Hata T, Kitao M 1985 Ultrasonographic identification of polycystic ovary. Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, 227-232.
49. McClure N, Healy DL, Paw R et al. 1994 Vascular endothelial growth factor as a capillary permeability agent in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Lancet 344, 235-243.
50. Mercè LT, Garcès D, Barco MJ, De La Fuente F 1992 Intraovarian Doppler velocimetry in ovulatory, disovulatory and anovulatory cycles. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2 197-202.
51. Michelmore KF, Balen AH, Dunger DB et al. 1999 Polycystic ovaries and asociated and biochemical features in young women. Clinical Endocrinology 51, 779-786
52. Navot D, Bergh PA, Laufer N 1995 The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds) Reproductive Endocrinology, Surgery and Technology. Lippincott-Raven, New York, pp. 2215-2232.
53. Ong ACM, Eisen V, Rennie DP et al. 1991 Pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a possible role for ovarian renin. Clinical Endocrinology 34, 43-49.
54. Pache TD, Wladimiroff JW, Hop WCJ et al. 1992 How to discriminate between normal and polycystic ovaries: transvaginal US study. Radiology 183, 421-423.
55. Pan HA, Wu MH, Cheng YC et al. 2002 Quantification of Doppler signal in polycystic ovary syndrome using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography: a possible new marker for diagnosis. Human Reproduction 17, 201-206.
56. Pellicer A, Albert C, Mercader A et al. 1999 The pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: in vivo studies investigating the role of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Fertility and Sterility 71, 482-489.
57. Polson DW, Adams J, Steer PJ et al. 1986 Unilateral polycystic ovary. Case report. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 93, 1100-1103.
58. Polson DW, Wadsworth J, Adams J et al. 1988 Polycystic ovaries: a common finding in normal women. Lancet 1, 870-872.
59. Poretsky L, Piper B 1994 Insulin resistance, hypersecretion of LH, and a dual-defect hypothesis for the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology 84, 613-621.
60. Revel A, Barak V, Lavy Y et al. 1996 Characterization of intraperitoneal cytokines and nitrites in women with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 66, 66-71.
61. Robert Y, Dubrulle F, Gaillandre L et al. 1995 Ultrasound assessment of ovarian stroma hypertrophy in hyperandrogenism and ovulation disorders: visual analysis versus computerized quantification. Fertility and Sterility 64, 307-312.
62. Sagle M, Bishop K, Ridley N et al. 1988 Recurrent early miscarriage and polycystic ovaries. British Medical Journal 297 1027-1028.
63. Saxton DW, Farquhar C.M, Rae T et al. 1990 Accuracy of ultrasound measurements of female pelvic organs. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 97, 695-699.
64. Seino S, Seino M, Bell GI 1990 Human insulin-receptor gene. Diabetes 39, 129-133.
65. Sommers SC, Wadman PJ 1956 Pathogenesis of polycystic ovaries. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 29, 181-187.
66. Stein IF, Leventhal ML 1935 Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 29, 181-191.
67. Takahashi K, Eda Y, Okada S et al. 1993 Morphological assessment of polycystic, ovary using transvaginal ultrasound. Human Reproduction 8, 844-849.
68. Takahashi K, Ozaki T, Okada M et al. 1994 Relationship between ultrasonography and histopathological changes in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Human Reproduction 9, 2255-2258.
69. Timor-Tritsch IE, Bar-Yam Y, Elgali S et al. 1988 The technique of transvaginal sonography with the use of a 6.5 MHz probe. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 158, 1019-1024.
70. van Santbrink EJP, Hop WC, Fauser BCJM 1997 Classification of normogonadotropic infertility: polycystic ovaries diagnosed by ultrasound versus endocrine characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 67, 452-458.
71. Vara P, Niemineva K 1951 Small cystic degeneration of ovaries as incidental finding in gynecological laparotomies. Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavia 31, 94-99.
72. Yeh HC, Futterweit W, Thornton JC 1987 Polycystic ovarian disease: US features in 104 patients. Radiology 163, 111-116.
73. Yen SSC 1991 Chronic anovulation caused by peripheral endocrine disorders. In: Yen-Jaffe (ed.) Reproductive Endocrinology Saunders, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 593-525.
74. Zaidi J, Campbell S, Pittrof R et al. 1995 Ovarian stromal blood flow in women with polycystic ovaries - a possible new marker for diagnosis? Human Reproduction 10, 1992-1995.