Post-totalitarian national identity: Public memory in Germany and Russia

Social and Cultural Geography

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 357-380

  Forest, Benjamin ^a   Johnson, Juliet ^b   Till, Karen ^c  

^a Dartmouth College   (United States)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Germany; Monuments and memorials; Politics of memory; Public memory; Russia

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; MEMORY; NATIONAL IDENTITY; STATE BUILDING;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GERMANY; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; WORLD;

EID: 11144323786     PISSN: 14649365     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1464936042000252778     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Abdullaev, N. (2002) Notes from Moscow: the bronze Chekist, Transitions Online, http://www.tol.cz/look/TOLnew/article.tpl? IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=4&NrIssue=37&NrSection=17& NrArticle=7395
2. Abu-Lughod, L. (1990) The romance of resistance, American Ethnologist 17: 41-55.
3. Agnew, J. (1998) The impossible capital: monumental Rome under liberal and fascist regimes, 1870-1943, Geografiska Annaler 80B: 229-240.
4. Aktives Museum (1990) Erhalten, Zerstören, Verändern: Denkmäler der DDR in Ost-Berlin: Eine dokumentarische Ausstellung. Berlin: Aktives Museum und Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst.
5. Andreeva, N. (1990 [19881) I cannot give up my principles, 13 March, translated in The Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press XL, p. 13.
6. Applebaum, A. (1997) A dearth of feeling, in Kimball, R. and Kramer, H. (eds) The Future of the European Past. Chicago: Ivan Dee, pp. 25-50.
7. Assmann, A. and Frevert, U. (1999) Geschichtsvergessenheit-Geschichtsvergessenheit: vom Umgang mit deutschen Vergangenheiten nach 1945. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
8. Associated Press (2002) Activists protest Dzerzhinsky statue plan, 17 Sept.
9. Atkinson, D. and Cosgrove, D. (1998) Urban rhetoric and embodied identities: city, nation, and empire at the Vittorio Emanuele II monument in Rome, 1870-1945, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88: 28-49.
10. Azaryahu, M. (1997) German reunification and the politics of street names: the case of East Berlin, Political Geography 16: 479-493.
11. Bal, M., Crewe, J. and Spitzer, L. (eds) (1999) Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College, University Press of New England.
12. Balmforth, R. (2003) Moscow literary site saved after residents protest, Reuters, 1 April.
13. Barkan, E. (2000) The Guilt of Nations: Restitution and Negotiating Historical Injustices. New York: W.W. Norton.
14. Bell, M. (1997) The ghosts of place, Theory and Society 26: 813-836.
15. Berliner Morgenpost (1993) Wohnungsbau rund um das ehemalige KZ-Gelände, 17 Feb.: 1.
16. Birch, D. (2002) Russian nostalgia feeds struggle over monument to KGB founder, Baltimore Sun, 30 Nov.: 1A.
17. Boym, S. (2001) The Future of Nostalgia. New York: Basic Books.
18. Buruma, I. (1994) The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and Japan. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
19. Charlesworth, A. (1994) Contesting places of memory: the case of Auschwitz, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12: 579-593.
20. Cohen, S.F. (1985) Rethinking the Soviet Experience: Politics and History Since 1917. New York: Oxford University Press.
21. Conquest, R. (1973) The Great Terror. New York: Macmillan.
22. Daniels, R.V. (1993) The End of the Communist Revolution. New York: Routledge.
23. Davis, N.Z. and Starn, R. (1989) Memory and Counter-memory, Representations 26: Special Issue.
24. De Soto, H.G. (1996) (Re)inventing Berlin: dialectics of power, symbols and pasts, 1990-1995, City and Society 1: 29-49.
25. Der Tagesspiegel (1993) Abreißen, Fluten oder als Mahnmal erhalten, 17 Feb.: 1.
26. Deutscher Bundestag (1994) Bericht der Enquete-Kommission: 'Aufarbeitung von Geschichte und Folgen der SED-Diktatur in Deutschland', gemäβ Beschluβ des Deutschen Bundestages vom 12. März 1992 und vom 20. Mai 1992. Deutscher Bundestag, 12. Wahlperiode, Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit.
27. Dodds, D. and Allen-Tompson, P. (eds) (1994) The Wall in My Backyard: East German Women in Transition. Amherst: University of Masschusetts Press.
28. Dwork, D. and van Pelt, R.J. (1996) Auschwitz, 1270 to the Present New York: Norton.
29. Endlich, S. (ed.) (1992) Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten für die Verfolgten des NS-Regimes: Perspektive, Kontroversen und internationale Vergleiche. Berlin: Edition Hentrich.
30. Filimonova, A. (2002) 'Zheleznyi Feliks' mozhet vernut'sia na Lubianku, Izvestiia, 13 Sept.: 21.
31. Forest, B. and Johnson, J.E. (2002) Unraveling the threads of history: Soviet-era monuments and post-Soviet national identity in Moscow, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92: 524-547.
32. Forschungsgruppe StadtDorf and Schäfer, R. (1994) Prozessorientierte Stadtentwicklungsplanung Oranienburg: 'Umgang mit der NS-Vergangenheit:' 2. Forum Stadtentwicklung Oranienburg am 6.12.1994 in Schloss Oranienburg: Protokoll. Oranienburg: Stadt Oranienburg.
33. Foucault, M. (1977a) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison New York: Pantheon Books.
34. Foucault, M. (1977b) Language, Counter-memory, Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
35. Foucault, M. (1980) Power/Knowledge. New York: Pantheon.
36. Fraser, N. (1990) Rethinking the public sphere: a contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy, Social Text 25/26: 56-80.
37. Frazier, L.J. (1999) 'Subverted memories': countermourning as political action in Chile, in Bal, M., Crewe, J. and Spitzer, L. (eds) Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College, University Press of New England, pp. 105-119.
38. Fulbrook, M. (1997) Reckoning with the past: heroes, victims and villains in the history of the GDR, in Monteath, P. and Alter, R. (eds) Rewriting the German Past: History and Identity in the New Germany Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, pp. 175-196.
39. Fulbrook, M. (1999) German National Identity After the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.
40. Gillis, J. (ed.) (1994a) Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
41. Gillis, J. (1994b) Memory and identity: the history of a relationship, in Gillis, J. (ed.) Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 3-26.
42. Gordon, A. (1997) Ghostly Matters: Haunting and the Sociological Imagination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
43. Habermas, J. (1989) The New Conservativism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians' Debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
44. Habermas, J. (1997) A Berlin Republic: Writings on Germany. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
45. Halbwachs, M. (1992 [1941, 1952]) On Collective Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
46. Herf, J. (1997) Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.
47. Hershkovitz, L. (1993) Tiananmen-Square and the politics of place, Political Geography 12: 395-420.
48. Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (1992) The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
49. Hörschelmann, K. (2001) Breaking ground: marginality and resistance in (post) unification Germany, Political Geography 20: 981-1004.
50. Huyssen, A. (1997) The voids of Berlin, Critical Inquiry 24: 57-81.
51. Itar-Tass (1997) Monument to Peter will remain in place, Nezavisimaia gazeta, 20 May: 2.
52. Jaspers, K. (1961) The Question of German Guilt. New York: Capricorn Books.
53. Johnson, N. (1999) The spectacle of memory: Ireland's remembrance of the Great War, 1919, Journal of Historical Geography 25: 36-56.
54. Kamakin, A. (1997) Terrorism, Nezavisimaia gazeta, 8 July: 2.
55. Khrushchev, N. (1956) The Crimes of the Stalin Era: Special Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. New York: New Leader.
56. Kittel, M. (1993) Die Legende von der 'Zweiten Schuld': Vergangenheitsbewältigung in der Ära Adenauer. Berlin: Ullstein.
57. Knight, A. (1988) The KGB, Police and Politics in the Soviet Union Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
58. Koonz, C. (1994) Between memory and oblivion: concentration camps in German memory, in Gillis, J. (ed.) Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 258-280.
59. Kramer, M. (2001) Why Soviet history matters in Russia, PONARS Policy Memo 183. Center for Strategic and International Studies, (accessed 3 January 2004).
60. Kurilla, I. (2002) Who is at the gate? The symbolic battle of Stalingrad in contemporary Russia, PONARS Policy Memo 268. Center for Strategic and International Studies, (accessed 3 January 2004).
61. LaCapra, D. (1994) Representing the Holocaust: History, Theory, Trauma. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press.
62. Legg, S. (2004) Contesting and Surviving Memory: Space, Nation and Nostalgia in Les Lieux de Mémoire, paper, Looking Back at Nora conference, Institute of Romance Studies, London, February.
63. Ley, D. and Olds, K. (1988) Landscape as spectacle: worlds fairs and the culture of heroic consumption, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space 6: 191-212.
64. Libeskind, D. (1993) Mourning (conceptual proposal for Oranienburg public art competition), 12 February.
65. Ligachev, E. (1993) Inside Gorbachev's Kremlin. New York: Pantheon Books.
66. Luzhkov, Y. (1996) My Deti Tvoi, Moskva. Moscow: Bagrius.
67. Maier, C.S. (1988) The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, and German National Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
68. Marcuse, H. (2001) Legacies of Dachau. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press.
69. McAdams, A.J. (2001) Judging the Past in Unified Germany. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
70. McDowell, L. (1999) Gender, Identity and Place: Understanding Feminist Geographies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
71. Memorial (2002) Eshe raz o pamiatnike predsedateliu VChK-OGPU Dzerzhinskomu, (accessed 30 September 2002).
72. Morsch, G. (ed.) (1996) Von der Erinnerung zum Monument: Die Entstehungsgeschichte der Nationalen Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Sachsenhausen. Oranienburg: Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten und Edition Hentrich.
73. Morsch, G. (2001) Concentration camp memorials in eastern Germany since 1989, in Roth, J. and Maxwell-Meynard, E. (eds) Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocides. New York: Palgrave, pp. 367-382.
74. Nevins, J. (2003) Restitution over coffee: truth, reconciliation, and environmental violence in East Timor, Political Geography 22: 677-701.
75. Nora, P. (1989) Between memory and history: les lieux de mé moire, Representations 26: 7-25.
76. Nora, P. (1996) Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, Vol. 1: Conflicts and Divisions. New York: Columbia University Press.
77. O'Flynn, K. (2003) City rejects return of Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Times 22 Jan.: 3.
78. Oranienburger Generalanzeiger (1995) Chronick der Ereignisse seit September 1992, 30 March.
79. Pile, S. (1997) Introduction: opposition, political identities and spaces of resistance, in Pile, S. and Keith, M. (eds) Geographies of Resistance. London: Routledge, pp. 1-32.
80. Pile, S. (2002) Spectral cities: where the repressed returns and other short stories, in Hillier, J. and Rooksby, E. (eds) Habitus: A Sense of Place. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 219-239.
81. Public Opinion Foundation (2002) Zagolovok: Vokrug pamiatnika F. Dzerzbinskomu, (accessed 28 September 2002 ).
82. Reichel, P. (1995) Politik mit der Erinnerung: Gedäcthnisorte im Streit um die Nationalsozialistische Vergangenheit. Munich: Hanser.
83. Rodin, I. (2002) Russia debates restoring KGB 'Iron Felix' statue, Reuters, 27 Sept.: 3.
84. Rose, R. (2002) A Decade of New Russia Barometer Surveys. Glasgow: Centre for Public Policy, University of Strathclyde.
85. Rürup, R. (2003) Netzwerk der Erinnerung: 10 Jahre Gedenkstättenreferat der Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Berlin: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors.
86. Saradzhyan, S. (2002) Iron Felix panned by Kremlin, Patriarch, Moscow Times, 23 Sept.: 3.
87. Scott, J.C. (1985) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
88. Sharp, J., Routledge, P., Philo, C. and Paddison, R. (2000) Entanglements of power: geographies of domination/resistance, in Sharp, J., Routledge, P., Philo, C. and Paddison, R. (eds) Entanglements of Power: Geographies of Domination/Resistance. Routledge, London and New York, pp. 1-42.
89. Smith, F. (2000) The neighbourhood as site for contesting German reunification, in Sharp, J., Routledge, P., Philo, C. and Paddison, R. (eds) Entanglements of Power: Geographies of Domination/Resistance London and New York: Routledge, pp. 122-147.
90. Smith, K.E. (1996) Remembering Stalin's Victims: Popular Memory and the End of the USSR. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
91. Smith, K.E. (2002) Mythmaking in the New Russia: Politics and Memory During the Yeltsin Era. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
92. Stadt Oranienburg (1992) Gutachterverfahren: Urbanisierung des ehemaligen Geländes der SS-Kaserne Oranienburg. Oranienburg: Stadt Oranienburg.
93. Stadt Oranienburg (1993) Gutachterverfahren: Urbanisierung des ehemaligen Geländes der SS-Kaserne Oranienburg: Dokumentation. Stadt Orienburg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft für Städtebau Wohnen und Verkehr des Landes Brandenburg GmbH. Oranienburg: Stadt Oranienburg.
94. Staeheli, L.A. (1996) Publicity, privacy, and women's political action, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space 14: 601-619.
95. Staeheli, L.A. (1997) Citizenship, community, and struggles for public space, The Professional Geographer 49: 28-38.
96. Sturken, M. (1997) Tangled Memories: The Vietnam War, the AIDS Epidemic, and the Politics of Remembering. Berkeley: University of California Press.
97. Suny, R. (1999) Provisional stabilities: the politics of identities in post-Soviet Eurasia, International Security 24: 139-178.
98. Thomas, M. (2002) Out of control: emergent cultural landscapes and political change in urban Vietnam, Urban Studies 39: 1611-1624.
99. Till, K.E. (1996) Place and the politics of memory: a geo-ethnography of memorials and museums in Berlin, PhD dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin.
100. Till, K.E. (1999) Staging the past: landscape designs, cultural identity and Erinnerungspolitik at Berlin's Neue Wache, Ecumene 6: 251-283.
101. Till, K.E. (2003) Places of memory, in Agnew, J., Mitchell, K. and Ó'Tuathail, G. (eds) Companion to Political Geography. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 289-301.
102. Till, K.E. (2005) The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (forthcoming).
103. Tolstikhina, A. (1998) They're ready for restoration: State Duma moves to return Iron Felix to his pedestal, Segodnia, 3 Dec.: 1, 6.
104. Traynor, I. (2000) Capital letters: Russia's new strongman puts Stalin back on a pedestal, The Guardian, 13 May: 14.
105. Tucker, R. (1990) Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928-1941. New York: W.W. Norton.
106. Tumarkin, N. (1994) The Living and the Dead: The Rise and Fall of the Cult of World War II in Russia. New York: Basic Books.
107. Uzelac, A. (2000) No Lubianka return for KGB founder, Moscow Times 8 July: 3.
108. VTsIOM Analytic Agency (2003) VTsIOM Nationwide Survey, February 28-March 3, 2003, (accessed 11 January 2004).
109. Weir, F. (2002) Wary of its past, Russia ignores mass grave site, Christian Science Monitor, 10 Oct.: 1.
110. Wiedmer, C.A. (1999) The Claims of Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Contemporary Germany and France. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press.
111. Yablokova, O. and Valueva, Y. (2003) Tears and red roses outside the theater, Moscow Times, 24 Oct.: 1.
112. Young, J. (1993) The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.