Geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction features: A major updating

Engineering Geology

Volumn 76, Issue 3-4, 2005, Pages 235-261

  Olson, Scott M ^a   Green, Russell A ^b   Obermeier, Stephen F ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^d EqLiq Consulting   (United States)

Author keywords

Earthquake magnitude; Geotechnical analysis; Liquefaction; Magnitude bound; Paleoliquefaction; Paleoseismic shaking; Paleoseismicity; Soil aging

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKES; GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING; LIQUEFACTION; SEISMOLOGY;

LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS; PALEOEARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; PALEOSEISMIC PARAMETERS; TEST SITES;

SEISMIC PROSPECTING;

ANALYTICAL METHOD; EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; LIQUEFACTION; PALEOSEISMICITY;

EID: 10944249548     PISSN: 00137952     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.008     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. N.N. Ambraseys Engineering seismology Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 17 1988 1-105
2. Andrus, R.D., Stokoe II, K.H., 1997. Liquefaction resistance based on shear wave velocity: Proc. of the NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. In: Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., (Eds.), Technical Report NCEER-97-0022, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, NY, pp. 89-128.
3. I. Arango Magnitude scaling factors for soil liquefaction evaluations ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 122 11 1996 929-936
4. Bartlett, S.F., Youd, T.L., 1992. Empirical analysis of horizontal ground displacement generated by liquefaction-induced lateral spread: Technical Report No. NCEER-92-0021, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, NY, 114 pp.
5. L. Bjerrum Geotechnical problems involved in foundations of structures in the North Sea Geotechnique 23 3 1973 319-358
6. R.W. Boulanger L.H. Mejia I.M. Idriss Liquefaction at moss landing during Loma Prieta earthquake ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123 5 1997 453-467
7. Carter, D.P., Seed, H.B., 1988. Liquefaction potential of sand deposits under low levels of excitation, Report No. UCB/EERC-88/11, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA. 119 pp.
8. R. Dobry R.S. Ladd F.Y. Yokel R.M. Chung D. Powell Prediction of pore water pressure buildup and liquefaction of sands during earthquakes by the cyclic strain method NBS Building Science Series vol. 138 1982 U.S. Dept. of Commerce 152 pp.
9. C.H. Dowding R.D. Hryciw A laboratory study of blast densification of saturated sands ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 112 2 1986 187-199
10. C. Ellis P. de Alba Acceleration distribution and epicentral location of the 1755 "Cape Ann" earthquake from case histories of ground failure Seismological Research Letters 70 6 1999 758-773
11. C.E. Fear E.C. McRoberts Reconsideration of initiation of liquefaction in sandy soils ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121 3 1995 249-261
12. W.D.L. Finn State of the art for the evaluation of seismic liquefaction potential Computers and Geotechnics 29 2002 329-341
13. W.D.L. Finn P.L. Bransby D.J. Pickering Effect of strain history on liquefaction of sands ASCE Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 96 SM6 1970 1917-1934
14. Frankel, A.D., Petersen, M.D., Mueller, C.S., Haller, K.M., Wheeler, R.L., Leyendecker, E.V., Wesson, R.L., Harmsen, S.C., Cramer, C.H., Perkins, D.M., Rukstales, K.S., 2002. Documentation for the 2002 update of the national seismic hazard maps, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-420.
15. P. Galli Empirical relationships between magnitude and distance for liquefaction Tectonophysics 324 2000 169-187
16. Green, R.A., 2001. Energy-based evaluation and remediation of liquefiable soils: PhD Thesis, Civil Engineering Dept., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. 397 pp. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08132001-170900/.
17. R.A. Green J.K. Mitchell A closer look at Arias intensity-based liquefaction evaluation procedures Proc., 7th Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Feb. 13-15 2003 Paper No. 94. 9 p
18. R.A. Green S.F. Obermeier S.M. Olson Engineering geologic and geotechnical analysis of paleoseismic shaking using liquefaction effects: Field examples Engineering Geology 76 2004 263-293 doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.026
19. A. Hurst B.T. Cronin The origin of consolidation laminae and dish structures in some deep-water sandstones Journal of Sedimentary Research 71 1 2001 136-143
20. Hwang, J.H., 1993. Evaluation of simplified method for liquefaction analysis: Report to Provisional Office of High Speed Rail, Taiwan. Cited in Hwang et al., 1995.
21. J.H. Hwang C.T. Chang C.H. Chen Study on stress reduction factor rd for liquefaction analysis Proc. 1st International Conf. on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Tokyo, Japan vol. 1 1995 617-622
22. I.M. Idriss H.B. Seed An analysis of ground motions during the 1957 San Francisco earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 58 6 1968 2013-2032
23. I. Ishibashi X. Zhang Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping ratios of sand and clay Soils and Foundations 33 1 1993 182-191
24. K. Ishihara Stability of natural deposits during earthquakes Proc. 11th International Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, CA vol. 1 1985 321-376
25. T. Iwasaki F. Tatsuoka S. Yasuda A practical method for assessing soil liquefaction potential based on case studies at various sites in Japan Proc. 2nd International. Conf. On Microzonation for Safer Construction and Research Applications, San Francisco, CA vol. 2 1978 885-896
26. D.K. Keefer Landslides caused by earthquakes Geological Society of America Bulletin 95 1984 406-421
27. King, T.J., 2002. URS Corporation, St. Louis, MO. Personal Communication.
28. E. Kuribayashi F. Tatsuoka Brief review of liquefaction during earthquakes in Japan Soils and Foundations 15 4 1975 81-92
29. K.T. Law Y.L. Cao G.N. He An energy approach for assessing seismic liquefaction potential Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27 3 1990 320-329
30. K.L. Lee J.A. Focht Liquefaction potential of Ekofisk Tank in North Sea ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 100 GTI 1975 1-18
31. A. Lodge El-Telbany J.W. Rector J.K. Mitchell R.B. Seed The accuracy of shear wave velocity measurements taken using the seismic cone penetrometer Proc. Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1996 Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society Keystone, CO 159-169
32. T. Lunne P.K. Robertson J.J.M. Powell Cone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice 1997 Blackie Academic and Professional 312 pp.
33. J.R. Martin G.W. Clough Seismic parameters from liquefaction evidence ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 120 8 1994 1345-1361
34. M. Maugeri P. Carrubba S.M. Frenna Seismic induced shear stress for liquefaction analysis Proc. 4th Inter. Conf. on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Southampton, England vol. 1 1989 1-20
35. G. Mesri P.M. Godlewski Time- and stress-compressibility interrelationship ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 103 5 1977 417-430
36. G. Mesri T.W. Feng J.M. Benak Postdensification penetration resistance of clean sands ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 116 7 1990 1095-1115
37. Munson, P.J., Munson, C.A., 1996. Paleoliquefaction evidence for recurrent strong earthquakes since 20,000 yr BP in the Wabash Valley of Indiana: Final Report, submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey; Anthropology Dept., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, March 1996, 137 pp.
38. H. Nishiyama K. Yahagi S. Nakagawa K. Wada Practical method of predicting sand liquefaction Proc. 9th Internat. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan vol. 2 1977 305-308
39. NRC (National Research Council) Liquefaction of Soils During Earthquakes: Committee on Earthquake Engineering, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council 1985 National Academy Press Washington, DC 240 pp.
40. S.F. Obermeier Paleoliquefaction features as indicators of potential earthquake activity in the southeastern and central United States Transportation Research Record No. 1141 1993 Highway Research Board Washington 42-52
41. S.F. Obermeier Use of liquefaction-induced features for paleoseismic analysis-an overview of how seismic liquefaction features can be distinguished from other features and how their regional distribution and properties can be used to infer the location and strength of Holocene paleo-earthquakes Engineering Geology 44 1996 1-76
42. S.F. Obermeier Liquefaction evidence for strong earthquakes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in the states of Indiana and Illinois, USA Engineering Geology 50 1998 227-254
43. S.F. Obermeier S.E. Dickenson Liquefaction evidence for the strength of ground motions resulting from late Holocene Cascadia subduction earthquakes, with emphasis on the event of 1700 AD Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90 4 2000 876-896
44. S.F. Obermeier J.R. Martin A.D Frankel T.L. Youd P.J. Munson C.A. Munson E.C. Pond Liquefaction evidence for one or more strong Holocene earthquakes in the Wabash Valley of southern Indiana and Illinois U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1536 1993 27 pp.
45. Obermeier, S.F., Pond, E.C., Olson, S.M., with contributions by Green, R.A., Mitchell, J.K., and Stark, T.D., 2001. Paleoliquefaction studies in continental settings-geologic and geotechnical factors in interpretations and back-analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-029, 75 pp. http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of01-029.
46. M. Oda K. Kawamoto K. Suzuki H. Fujimori M. Sato Microstructural interpretation on reliquefaction of saturated granular soils under cyclic loading ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127 5 2001 416-423
47. S.M. Olson T.D. Stark CPT based liquefaction resistance of sandy soils Proc. Specialty Conf. On Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics III, ASCE, Aug. 3-6, Seattle, Washington vol. 1 1998 325-336
48. S.M. Olson S.F. Obermeier T.D. Stark Interpretation of penetration resistance for back-analysis at sites of previous liquefaction Seismological Research Letters 72 1 2001 46-59
49. W.P. Owen C.J. Roblee Borehole velocity logging for Caltrans' earthquake engineering program: Comparison of field measurements Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. on the Application of Geophysical Methodologies and NDT to Transportation Facilities and Infrastructure, Geophysics 2000, Federal Highway Administration and Missouri Dept. of Transportation, Dec. 11-15, St. Louis, MO 2000 1.5.1-1.5.13
50. G.A. Papadopoulos G. Lefkopoulos Magnitude-distance relations for liquefaction in soil from earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83 3 1993 925-938
51. Pond, E.C., 1996. Seismic parameters for the central United States based on paleoliquefaction evidence in the Wabash Valley: PhD thesis, Virginia Tech, Civil Engineering Dept., Blacksburg, VA. 583 pp.
52. Pond, E.C., Martin II, J.R., 1996. Seismic parameters for the central United States based on paleoliquefaction evidence in the Wabash Valley: Final Report, submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey; Civil Engineering Dept., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. August 1996, 583 pp.
53. P.K. Robertson C.E. Wride Cyclic liquefaction and its evaluation based on the SPT and CPT In: T.L. Youd I.M. Idriss (Eds.) Proc. of the 1996 NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils Technical Report NCEER-97-0022 1997 State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 41-87
54. J.H. Schmertmann The mechanical aging of soils ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 117 9 1991 1288-1330
55. Schneider, J., 1999. Liquefaction response of soils in mid-America evaluated by seismic cone tests. MS thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. 273 pp.
56. H.B. Seed I.M. Idriss Simplified procedure for evaluating liquefaction potential ASCE Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 97 9 1971 1249-1273
57. H.B. Seed I.M. Idriss Ground motions and soil liquefaction during earthquakes Monograph Series 1982 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Oakland, CA 134 pp.
58. H.B. Seed I. Arango C.K. Chan Evaluation of Soil Liquefaction Potential During Earthquakes. Report No. EERC 75-28 1975 Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California Berkeley, CA 113 pp.
59. H.B. Seed K. Mori C.K. Chan Influence of seismic history on liquefaction of sands ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 102 GT4 1977 246-270
60. H.B. Seed K. Tokimatsu L.F. Harder R.L. Chung Influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluations ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 111 12 1985 1425-1445
61. H.B. Seed R.T. Wong I.M. Idriss K. Tokimatsu Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analysis of cohesionless soils ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 112 GT11 1986 1016-1032
62. R.B. Seed S.E. Dickenson M.F. Reimer J.D. Bray N. Sitar J.K. Mitchell I.M. Idriss R.E. Kayen A. Kropp L.F. Harder M.S. Power Preliminary Report on the Principal Geotechnical Aspects of the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: Report UCB/EERC-90/05 1990 Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California Berkeley, CA. 137 pp.
63. Z.V. Solymar Compaction of alluvial sands by deep blasting Canadian Geotechnical Journal 21 2 1984 305-321
64. T.D. Stark S.M. Olson Liquefaction resistance using CPT and field case histories ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121 12 1995 856-869
65. W.C. Stone F.Y. Yokel M. Celebi T. Hanks E.V. Leyendecker Engineering aspects of the September 19, 1985 Mexico earthquake NBS Building Science Series vol. 165 1987 National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 207 pp.
66. Talwani, P., 2001. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. Personal Communication.
67. P. Talwani W.T. Schaeffer Recurrence rates of large earthquakes in the South Carolina Coastal Plain based on paleoliquefaction data Journal of Geophysical Research 106 B4 2001 6621-6642
68. K. Terzaghi R.B. Peck G. Mesri Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice Third ed. 1996 Wiley New York 549 pp.
69. Tuttle, M.P., 1999. Late Holocene earthquakes and their implications for earthquake potential of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States. PhD thesis, Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. 250 pp.
70. Y.P. Vaid E.K.F. Chung R.H. Kuerbis Preshearing and undrained response of sand Soils and Foundations 29 4 1989 49-61
71. R. Vreugdenhil R. Davis J. Berrill Interpretation of cone penetration results in multilayered soils International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18 1994 585-599
72. R.V. Whitman Resistance of soil to liquefaction and settlement Soils and Foundations 11 4 1971 59-68
73. Youd, T.L., 1999. Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. Written Communication.
74. T.L. Youd C.T. Garris Liquefaction-induced ground-surface disruption ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121 11 1995 805-809
75. Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M. (Eds.), 1997. Proceedings of the NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. Technical Report NCEER-97-0022, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY., 276 pp.
76. Youd, T.L., Noble, S.K., 1997. Liquefaction criteria based on statistical and probabilistic analysis. In: Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., (Eds.), Proc. of the NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. Technical Report NCEER 97-0022, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY., pp. 210-216.
77. T.L. Youd D.M. Perkins Mapping liquefaction-induced ground failure potential ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division 104 GT4 1978 433-446
78. T.L. Youd I.M. Idriss R.D. Andrus I. Arango G. Castro J.T. Christian R. Dobry W.D.L. Finn L.F. Harder M.E. Hynes K. Ishihara J.P. Koester S.S.C. Liao W.F. Marcuson G.R. Martin J.K. Mitchell Y. Moriwaki M.S. Power P.K. Robertson R.B. Seed K.H. Stokoe Liquefaction resistance of soils-Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127 4 2001 297-313