Kitigaaryuit: A portrait of the Mackenzie Inuit in the 1890s, based on the Journals of Isaac O. Stringer

Arctic Anthropology

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 222-237

  Friesen, T Max ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INDIGENOUS POPULATION; NINETEENTH CENTURY; SOCIAL HISTORY;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 10944244575     PISSN: 00666939     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/arc.2011.0050     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. All original documents are held in the Anglican Church of Canada General Synod Archives in Toronto. References from Isaac Stringer's journals are in the form "I.S. year:date," referring to the date of entry. References from Sadie Stringer's journals are in the form "S. S. year:date." Following are the abbreviations used for all other archival documents cited:
2. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1893a. Letter to "dear friends", Jan. 9.
3. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1893b. Letter to Sadie Alexander (later Sadie Stringer), Jan. 18.
4. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1893c. Letter to Sadie Alexander, Jan. 20.
5. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1893d. Letter to Sadie Alexander, Aug. 31.
6. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1893e. Letter to Bishop Reeve, no further date.
7. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1894a. Letter to "Dear friends at home", June 2.
8. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1894b. Letter to Sadie Alexander, June 3.
9. Isaac Stringer: I. S. 1894c. Letter to "My dear home friends", Aug. 16.
10. Sadie Stringer: S. S. 1897a. Letter, no addressee, no further date.
11. Charles Whittaker: C.W. n.d.a. Memoranda to the Mission to the Mackenzie River.
12. Charles Whittaker: CW. n.d.b. Sunrise in Eskimo Land, or Dawn Among Eskimo.
13. Alunik, Ishmael, Eddie D. Kolausok, and David Morrison 2003 Across Time and Tundra: The Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic. Vancouver: Raincoast Books.
14. Bockstoce, John R. 1986 Whales, Ice, and Men: The History of Whaling in the Western Arctic. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
15. Burch, Ernest S. 1976 The "Nunamiut" Concept and the Standardization of Error. In Contributions to Anthropology: The Interior Peoples of Northern Alaska, Edwin S. Hall Jr., ed. Pp. 52-97. Mercury Series. Archaeological Survey of Canada, 49. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada.
16. Choquette, Robert 1995 The Oblate Assault on Canada's Northwest. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
17. Cockney, Cathy 1997 Kitigaaryuit Oral Traditions Research Project-1996. Report on file, Inuvialuit Social Development Program, Inuvik.
18. Duchaoussois, Pierre 1937 Mid Snow and Ice: The Apostles of the North-West. Dublin: Inchicore.
19. Franklin, John 1828 Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea in the Years 1825, 1826, and 1827. London: J. Murray.
20. Friesen, T. Max 1995 "Periphery" as Centre: Long-Term Patterns of Intersocietal Interaction on Herschel Island, Northern Yukon Territory. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal.
21. Friesen, T. Max 1999 Resource Structure, Scalar Stress, and the Development of Inuit Social Organization. World Archaeology 31(1):21-37.
22. Friesen, T. Max and Charles Arnold 1995a Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource: Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit. Arctic 48:22-30.
23. Friesen, T. Max and Charles Arnold 1995b Prehistoric Beluga Whale Hunting at Gupuk, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories. In Hunting the Largest Animals: Aboriginal Whaling in the Western Arctic. Allen P. McCartney, ed. Pp.109-126. Edmonton: Canadian Circumpolar Institute.
24. Hall, Edwin S. 1984 Interior North Alaska Eskimo. In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 5, Arctic, David Damas, ed. Pp. 338-346. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
25. Hart, Elisa J. 1997 Kitigaaryuit Archaeological Inventory and Mapping Project-1996. On file, Inuvialuit Social Development Program, Inuvik.
26. Hart, Elisa J. and Beverly Amos 2004 Tariurmiutuakun Qanuq Atuutiviskaitlu Ilitchuriyaqput Ingilraan Inuvialuit Qulianginnin; Learning About Marine Resources and Their Use Through Inuvialuit Oral History. On file, Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Center, Inuvik.
27. Harwood, Lois A. and Thomas G. Smith 2002 Whales of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in Canada's Western Arctic: An Overview and Outlook. Arctic (supplement) 55(1):77-93.
28. Hooper, William H. 1853 Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski. London: J. Murray.
29. Johnson, Gregory 1982 Organizational Structure and Scalar Stress. In Theory and Explanation in Archaeology. C. Renfrew, M. Rowlands, and B. Segraves, eds. Pp. 389-421. New York: Academic Press.
30. Keenleyside, Anne 1990 Euro-American Whaling in the Canadian Arctic: Its Effects on Eskimo Health. Arctic Anthropology 27(1):1-19.
31. Krech, Shepard 1989 A Victorian Earl in the Arctic. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
32. Marsh, Donald B. 1967 A History of the Work of the Anglican Church in the Area Now Known as the Diocese of the Arctic. Toronto: Anglican Church of Canada.
33. McGhee, Robert 1974 Beluga Hunters: An Archaeological Reconstruction of the History and Culture of the Mackenzie Delta Kittegaryumiut. Newfoundland Social and Economic Studies, 13. St. John's: Memorial University of Newfoundland.
34. Morrison, David 1988 The Kugaluk Site and the Nuvorugmiut. Canadian Museum of Civilization Mercury Series. Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper, 137. Hull: Canadian Museum of Civilization.
35. Morrison, David 1989 Review of A Victorian Earl in the Arctic, by Shepard Krech. Études/Inuit/Studies 13:138-142.
36. Nuligak 1966 I, Nuligak. M. Metayer, ed. Toronto: Peter Martin Associates.
37. Peake, Frank A. 1966 The Bishop who Ate His Boots: A Biography of Isaac O. Stringer. Toronto: Anglican Church of Canada.
38. Petitot, Emile 1876 Monographie des Esquimaux Tchiglit du MacKenzie et de l'Anderson. Paris: E. Leroux.
39. Petitot, Emile 1887 Les Grands Esquimaux. Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit.
40. Price, T. Douglas and James A. Brown (eds.) 1985 Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers: The Emergence of Cultural Complexity. Orlando: Academic Press.
41. Richardson, John 1851 Arctic Searching Expedition. London: Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
42. Savoie, Donat 1971 The Amerindians of the Canadian Northwest in the 19th Century, as seen by Emile Petitot, vol. 1: The Tchiglit Eskimos. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa.
43. Stefansson, Vilhjalmur 1914 The Stefansson-Anderson Arctic Expedition of the American Museum: Preliminary Ethnological Report. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 14, part 1. New York: The Trustees.
44. Usher, Peter 1971a Fur Trade Posts in the Northwest Territories: 1870-1970. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa.
45. Usher, Peter 1971b The Canadian Western Arctic: A Century of Change. Anthropologica, N.S. 13:169-183.
46. Whittaker, Charles 1937 Arctic Eskimo. London: Seeley and Service.
47. Wobst, H. Martin 1978 The Archaeo-Ethnology of Hunter-Gatherers or the Tyranny of the Ethnographic Record in Archaeology. American Antiquity 43:303-309.
48. Yerbury, J. Colin. 1984 Bishop William Carpenter Bompas' Notes on the Inuit of the Mackenzie River. Fram: The Journal of Polar Studies 1:507-538.