Inside television: Television studies and the sociology of culture

Screen

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 404-424

  Born, Georgina ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 10844221020     PISSN: 00369543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/screen/41.4.404     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Purnima Mankekar, Screening Culture, Viewing Politics an Ethnography of Television Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolomal India (Durham NC and London Duke University Press 1993) p 357
2. Our Commitment to You BBC Statement of Promises to Viewers and Listeners (London BBC 1997) p 23
3. Screen vol 41 no 1 (2000) pp 33-50 The current article ts a revised version of a plenary paper for a day conference on the state of television research held at the Royal Society of Arts London 19 November 1999
4. Walter Benjamin, The author as producer, trans Andrew Arato and Eike Gebhardt (eds). The Essential Frankfurt School Reader
5. 1 Hans Magnus Enzensberger Constituents of a theory of the media' New Left Review, no 64 (1970), pp 13-36
6. Nicholas Garnham Emancipation the Media, and Modernity (Oxford Oxford University Press 2000) ch 5
7. See for example, Peter Dahlgren Television and the Public Sphere (London Sage 1995)
8. and Joke Hermes, 'Gender and media studies no woman no cry', in John Corner et al International Media Research (London Routledge, 1997), pp 65-95
9. The BBC study has implications for developing a sociological theory of reflexivity, requiring a distinction between those disciplinary formalized reflexivities that are institutionalized - such as auditing practices - and those individual forms of reflexivity central both to self-consciousness and creative agency See Ulrich Beck Anthony Giddens and Scott Lash Reflexive Modernization Politics, Tradition, and Aesthetics in the Modem Social Order (Cambridge Polity, 1994)
10. See for example Pierre Bourdieu and Hans Haacke, Free Exchange (Cambrrdge Polity 1995)
11. For Bourdieu's sociology of cultural production, see The Field of Cultural Production (Cambridge Polity. 1993)
12. Michel Gallon The Laws of the Market (Oxford Blackwell 1998)
13. On invention and anli-invention see Andrew Barry, Political Machines Governing a Technological Society (London Athlone Press 2001)
14. and Andrew Barry and Georgina Born Invention defensive innovation and inertia (nd) Anti-invention refers to those processes that result in the avoidance of Significant change in any field of practice
15. On the way technological discourses configure social change see Michel Callon Society in the making the study of technology as a tool for sociological analysis' in Wiebe E Bijker et al, The Social Construction of Technological Systems (Cambridge MA and London MIT Press 1989)
16. and Michael Callon, 'Techno-economic networks and irreversibility' in J Law (ed) A Sociology of Monsters Essays on Power Technology and Domination [London Routledge, 1991)
17. On the BBC's premature investment in digital radio at the urging of the radio manufacturers when the market failed to take off as predicted, see Maggie Brown 'Is anybody listening?', Media Guardian 3 July 2000 pp 6-7
18. Ulnch Beck World Risk Society (Cambridge Polity 1999) pp 29-30
19. The House (d Michael Waldman, Double Exposure tx BBC2 1996) The origins of this subgenre lie probably in the documentaries of Roger Graef
20. Stuart Hall Encoding/decoding in Hall et al Culture Media, Language (London Hutchinson 1980)
21. John Corner Television Form and Public Address (London Edward Arnold 1995) p 5
22. See for example Hamid Naficy, The Making of Exile Cultures Iranian Television in Los Angeles (Minneapolis Ml University of Minnesota Press, 1993)
23. Eric Michaels, 'For a cultural future Francis Jupurrurla makes TV at Yuendumu in Bad Aboriginal Art (Minneapolis Ml University of Minnesota Press, 1994) pp 99-126
24. Ula Abu Lughod, The objects of soap opera Egyptian television and the cultural politics of modernity, in Daniel Miller (ed), Worlds Apart Modernity Through the Prism of the Local (London Routledge 1995)
25. Mankekar Screening Culture, Viewing Politics
26. James Donald, Sentimental Education (London, Verso 1992]
27. Tony Bennett, The Birth of the Museum (London Routledge, 1995)
28. Toby Miller The Well-Tempered Self Citizenship, Culture, and the Postmodern Subject (Baltimore ML Johns Hopkins University Press 1993)
29. Faye Ginsburg, From ECU to wide angle ethnographic film to the anthropology of media', in Robert Stam and Toby Miller (eds) A Companion to Film Theory (Oxford Blackwell, forthcoming)
30. See, for example Charlotte Brunsdon s use of the concept in her analysis of the discursive contexts of British crime-based series of the 1980s and early 1990s 'Structure of anxiety recent British television crime fiction', Screen vol 39 no 3 (1998) pp 223-43
31. Daniel Oayan and Elihu Katz, Media Events the Live Broadcasting of History (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1992)
32. See the criticism of Dayan and Katz by J Alexander and R Jacobs, 'Mass communication, ritual and civil society in Tamar Liebes and James Curran (eds) Media Bitual and Identity (London Routledge, 1998) pp 23-41
33. Marty Allot 'Relocating the site of the audience Critical Studies in Mass Communications vol 5 no 3(1988) pp 217-33
34. Len Ang, Desperately Seeking the Audience (London Routledge 1991)
35. Antome Hennion The production of success an anti-musicology of the pop song Popular Music no 3(1983) pp 159-93
36. For a functionalist account see Diana Crane The Production of Culture (London Sage 1992) ch 5
37. Jurgen Habermas Part VII on the concept of public opinion in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge Polity, 1996)
38. Pierre Bourdieu Public opinion does not exist', in Armand Mattelart and Seth Siegelaub (eds), Communication and Class Struggle (New York International General, 1979)
39. See for example, Geoff Mulgan, Television s holy grail seven types of quality', in Mulgan (ed), The Question of Quality (London British Film Institute 1990)
40. Cnstina Murroni and N Irvine (eds), Quality in Broadcasting (London IPPR 1997)
41. Here a discussion of the metaphysics of passivity would be apt starting from the question why has passivity had such a negative charge in social and cultural theory' Writing of the postmodern superego Slavoj Zizek captures the tyranny of the postmodern injunction to be active and to enjoy The superego inverts the Kantian "You can because you must" turning it into "You must because you can" Subjects experience the need to "have a good time" as a kind of duty Active consumption becomes a totalitarian imperative Slavoj Zizek, 'You mayi, London Review of Books 18 March 1999
42. The reference is to Klein s concept of envious attack on the creativity and creative power of the (mother the result of anxieties exacerbated by dependence For Klein creativity thought and the capacity to learn depend on the capacity to tolerate difference and to remain open to the projections of the Mother Melanie Klein, Envy and Gratitude (New York Delta 1975)
43. On Kleinian psychoanalytic theory see Robert Hmshelwood A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought (London Free Assocation 1989)
44. Onora O Neill Practices of toleration in Judith Lichtenberg (ed) Democracy and the Mass Media (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1990)
45. Charlotte Brunsdon Problems with quality, Screen vol 31 no 1 (1990) p 90
46. I refer to those independents that choose to inhabit the less profitable, less competitively overheated sectors, offering specific expertise One example in documentaries is the company responsible for the award-winning The Death of Yugoslavia (Brook Lapping Associates, tx BBC2, 1995)
47. John Caughie, Adornos reproach repetition difference and television genre Screen, Vol 32 no 2 (1991) pp 127-53
48. Georgina Bom, 'Against negation for a politics of cultural production, Screen, vol 34, no 3 (1993) pp 223-42
49. The notion of the necessity of a move 'inside the cultural object - here television - echoes Tony Bennett's argument in Outside Literature (London Routledge 1990), except that my proposal is that a newly conceived aesthetics is part of the 'inside of the object with which analysis and policy intervention should be concerned See also Born Against negation'
50. Sakae Ishikawa (ed) Quality Assessment of Television (Luton John Libbey, 1996) agrees that professional perspectives are central to assessing quality However the interview methodology employed by contributors elicits generalized discussions of quality based on recall with no attention to the specificity of genres It lacks ethnography s capacity to map both the rich discourses around production and how they are put into practice
51. This contrasts with John Mepham s view that the existence of an ethic of truth-telling on the part of programme makers is one key criterion for judging quality in television Such an ethic may exist and yet may be compromised when judged against textual results if not accompanied by an element of genuine aesthetic invention John Mepham The ethics of quality in television' in Mulgan (ed) The Question of Quality
52. Glasgow University Media Group Bad News (London Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976)
53. Philip Schlesinger Putting 'Reality Together (London Constable, 1978)