Significant differential effects of hormone therapy or tibolone on markers of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 1889-1894

  Koh, Kwang Kon ^a   Ahn, Jeong Yeal ^a   Jin, Dong Kyu ^a   Yoon, Byung Koo ^b   Kim, Hyung Sik ^a   Kim, Dae Sung ^a   Kang, Woong Chol ^a   Han, Seung Hwan ^a   Choi, In Suck ^a   Shin, Eak Kyun ^a  

^a Gachon University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Sungkyunkwan University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Endothelial function; Hemostasis; Hormone therapy; Inflammation; Tibolone

Indexed keywords

ANTITHROMBIN III; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTRADIOL; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; PROGESTERONE; PROTHROMBIN; PROTHROMBIN FRAGMENT F1 PLUS F2; TIBOLONE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; ARTICLE; BRACHIAL ARTERY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DISEASE MARKER; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; FOREARM BLOOD FLOW; HEMOSTASIS; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPEREMIA; INFLAMMATION; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; VASODILATATION;

ANTITHROMBIN III; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP); FEMALE; HUMANS; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE 17-ACETATE; MIDDLE AGED; NORPREGNENES; PROGESTERONE; TRIGLYCERIDES; VASODILATION;

EID: 10744231354     PISSN: 10795642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000091502.96745.95     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Varas-Lorenzo C, Garcia-Rodriguez LA, Perez-Gutthann S, Duque-Oliart A. Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of acute myocardial infarction: a population-based nested case-control study. Circulation. 2000;101:2572-2578.
2. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:933-941.
3. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, Vittinghoff E, for the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1998;280:605-613.
4. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321-333.
5. Kuller LH. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: implications of the results of the Women's Health Initiative. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:11-16.
6. Koh KK, Horne MK III, Cannon RO III. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. Thromb Haemost. 1999;82:626-633.
7. Moore RA. Livial: a review of clinical studies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999;106(suppl 19):1-21.
8. Zandberg P, Peters JL, Demacker PN, Smit MJ, de Reeder EG, Meuleman DG. Tibolone prevents atherosclerotic lesion formation in cholesterol-fed, ovariectomized rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1844-1854.
9. Clarkson TB, Anthony MS, Wagner JD. A comparison of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens effects on coronary artery atherosclerosis and bone density of postmenopausal monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:5396-5404.
10. Winkler UH. Effects of androgens on haemostasis. Maturitas. 1996;24:147-155.
11. NHLBI Obesity Task Force. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. Obes Res. 1998;6(suppl 2):51S-209S.
12. 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension: guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1999;17:151-183.
13. Koh KK, Ahn JY, Kang MH, Kim DS, Jin DK, Sohn MS, Park GS, Choi IS, Shin EK. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plaque stability, inflammation, and fibrinolysis in hypertensive or overweight postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1423-1426.
14. Koh KK, Ahn JY, Kim DS, Han SH, Shin MS, Ryu WS, Park GS, Ahn TH, Choi IS, Shin EK. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on tissue factor activity, C-reactive protein, and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:371-373.
15. Koh KK, Jin DK, Yang SH, Lee SK, Hwang HY, Kang MH, Kim W, Kim DS, Choi IS, Shin EK. Vascular effects of synthetic or natural progestagen combined with conjugated equine estrogen in healthy postmenopausal womem. Circulation. 2001;103:1961-1966.
16. Koh KK, Kang MH, Jin DK, Lee SK, Ahn JY, Hwang HY, Yang SH, Kim DS, Ahn TH, Shin EK. Vascular effects of estrogen in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1409-1415.
17. Koh KK, Horne MK III, Csako G, Waclawiw M, Cannon RO III. Relation of fibrinolytic potentiation by estrogen to coagulation pathway activation in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:466-469.
18. Koh KK, Ahn JY, Jin DK, Yoon BK, Kim HS, Kim DS, Shin MS, Son JW, Choi IS, Shin EK. Effects of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on inflammation in hypertensive and/or overweight postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22:1459-1464.
19. Jeppesen J, Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. Low triglycerides-high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of ischemic heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 2001:161:361-366.
20. Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, Breslow JL, Buring JE. Fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1997;96:2520-2525.
21. Reaven G. Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and implications for management of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2002;106:286-288.
22. Bjarnason NH, Bjamason K, Haarbo J, Bennink HJ, Christiansen C. Tibolone: influence on markers of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:1752-1756.
23. Coresh J, Kwiterovich PO Jr, Smith HH, Bachorik PS. Association of plasma triglyceride concentration and LDL particle diameter, density, and chemical composition with premature coronary artery disease in men and women. J Lipid Res. 1993;34:1687-1697.
24. Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N, Fukaya T. Different effects of oral conjugated equine estrogen and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on size and oxidative susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein particles in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 2002;106:1771-1776.
25. Barnes JF, Farish E, Rankin M, Hart DM. A comparison of the effects of two continuous HRT regimens on cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160:185-193.
26. Clarkson TB, Shively CA, Morgan TM, Koritnik DR, Adams MR, Kaplan JR. Oral contraceptives and coronary artery atherosclerosis of cynomolgus monkeys. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;75:217-222.
27. von Eckardstein A, Schmiddem K, Hovels A, Gulbahce E, Schuler-Luttmann S, Elbers J, Helmond F, Bennink HJ, Assmann G. Lowering of HDL cholesterol in post-menopausal women by tibolone is not associated with changes in cholesterol efflux capacity or paraoxonase activity. Atherosclerosis. 2001;159:433-439.
28. Tardif JC, Cote G, Lesperance J, Bourassa M, Lambert J, Doucet S, Bilodeau L, Nattel S, de Guise P. Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty: Multivitamins and Probucol Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:365-372.
29. Sekiya M, Funada J, Watanabe K, Miyagawa M, Akutsu H. Effects of probucol and cilostazol alone and in combination on frequency of poststenting restenosis. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:144-147.
30. de Kleijn MJ, Wllmink HW, Bots ML, Bak AA, van der Schouw YT, Planellas J, Engelen S, Banga JD, Grobbee DE. Hormone replacement therapy and endothelial function: results of a randomized controlled trial in healthy postmenopausal womem. Atherosclerosis. 2001;159:357-365.
31. Vogel RA, Corcetti MC. Estrogens, progestins, and heart disease: can endothelial function divine the benefit? Circulation. 1998;97:1223-1226.
32. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, Bull C, Thomas O, Robinson J, Deanfield JE. Cigarette smoking is associated with doserelated and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation. 1993;88:2149-2155.
33. Gerhard M, Walsh BW, Tawakol A, Haley EA, Creager SJ, Seely EW, Ganz P, Creager MA. Estradiol therapy combined with progesterone and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 1998;98:1158-1163.
34. Barinas-Mitchell E, Cushman M, Meilahn EN, Tracy RP, Kuller LH. Serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with obesity, weight gain, and hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:1094-1101.
35. Koh KK, Schenke WH, Waclawiw M, Csako G, Cannon RO III. Statin attenuates increase in C-reactive protein during estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 2002;105:1531-1533.
36. Rifai N, Buring JE, Lee IM, Manson JE, Ridker PM. Is C-reactive protein specific for vascular disease in women? Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:529-533.
37. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1557-1565.
38. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rossouw JE, Siscovick DS, Mouton CP, Rifai N, Wallace RB, Jackson RD, Pettinger MB, Ridker PM. Inflammatory biomarkers, hormone replacement therapy, and incident coronary heart disease: prospective analysis from the Women's Health Initiative observational study. JAMA. 2002;288:980-987.
39. Cermak J, Key NS, Bach RR, Balla J, Jacob HS, Vercellotti GM. C-reactive protein induces human peripheral blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor. Blood. 1993;82:513-520.
40. Pasceri V, Willerson JT, Yeh ETH. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2000;102:2165-2168.
41. Wang CH, Li SH, Weisel RD, Fedak PW, Dumont AS, Szmitko P, Li RK, Mickle DA, Verma S. C-reactive protein upregulates angiotensin type 1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle. Circulation. 2003;107:1783-1790.
42. Pasceri V, Cheng JS, Willerson JT, Yeh ET, Chang J. Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs. Circulation. 2001;103:2531-2534.
43. Venugopal SK, Devaraj S, Yuhanna I, Shaul P, Jialal I. Demonstration that C-reactive protein decreases eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation. 2002;106:1439-1441.
44. Zwaka TP, Hombach V, Torzewski J. C-reactive protein-mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2001;103:1194-1197.
45. Herrington DM, Reboussin DM, Brosnihan KB, Sharp PC, Shumaker SA, Snyder TE, Furberg CD, Kowalchuk GJ, Stuckey TD, Rogers WJ, Givens DH, Waters D. Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:522-529.
46. Blumenthal RS, Zacur HA, Reis SE, Post WS. Beyond the null hypothesis: do the HERS results disprove the estrogen/coronary heart hypothesis? Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:1015-1017.
47. Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N, Fukaya T. Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on vascular inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen. Circulation. 2002;105:1436-1439.
48. Koh KK, Mincemoyer R, Bui MN, Csako G, Pucino F, Guetta V, Waclawiw M, Cannon RO III. Effects of hormone-replacement therapy on fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:683-690.