메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 395-415

Phonological and lexical-semantic short-term memory and their relationship to sentence production in older adults

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; MENTAL TASK; PHONATION; PHONETICS; PREDICTION; SEMANTICS; SHORT TERM MEMORY; SPEECH ARTICULATION; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 10644255682     PISSN: 13825585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13825580490521331     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0000713124 scopus 로고
    • Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct
    • American Psychological Association. (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611.
    • (1992) American Psychologist , vol.47 , pp. 1597-1611
  • 2
    • 85050783635 scopus 로고
    • Speech timing strategies in elderly adults
    • Amerman, J.D., & Parnell, M.M. (1992). Speech timing strategies in elderly adults. Journal of Phonetics, 20, 65-76.
    • (1992) Journal of Phonetics , vol.20 , pp. 65-76
    • Amerman, J.D.1    Parnell, M.M.2
  • 3
    • 0031607784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phonological loop as a language learning device
    • Baddeley, A., Gathercole, S., & Papagno, C. (1998). The phonological loop as a language learning device. Psychological Review, 105, 158-173.
    • (1998) Psychological Review , vol.105 , pp. 158-173
    • Baddeley, A.1    Gathercole, S.2    Papagno, C.3
  • 5
    • 0014235667 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and generation effects
    • Baltes, P.B. (1968). Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and generation effects. Human Development, 11, 145-171.
    • (1968) Human Development , vol.11 , pp. 145-171
    • Baltes, P.B.1
  • 6
    • 0002873326 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral slowing with age: Causes, organization, and consequences
    • L.W. Poon (Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Birren, J.E., Woods, A.M., & Williams, M.V. (1980). Behavioral slowing with age: Causes, organization, and consequences. In L.W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980's: Psychological issues (pp. 293-308). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1980) Aging in the 1980's: Psychological Issues , pp. 293-308
    • Birren, J.E.1    Woods, A.M.2    Williams, M.V.3
  • 7
    • 84965609145 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural comparison of sex-related differences on intelligence tests: A meta-analysis
    • Born, M., Bleichrodt, N., & van der Flier, H. (1987). Cross-cultural comparison of sex-related differences on intelligence tests: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 283-314.
    • (1987) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 283-314
    • Born, M.1    Bleichrodt, N.2    Van Der Flier, H.3
  • 8
    • 0024402416 scopus 로고
    • Vocal jitter in young and aged female voices
    • Brown, W.S., Morris, R.J., & Michel, J. (1989). Vocal jitter in young and aged female voices. Journal of Voice, 3, 113-119.
    • (1989) Journal of Voice , vol.3 , pp. 113-119
    • Brown, W.S.1    Morris, R.J.2    Michel, J.3
  • 9
    • 0001071578 scopus 로고
    • On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding difficulties in young and older adults?
    • Burke, D.M., MacKay, D.G., Worthley, J.S., & Wade, E. (1991). On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding difficulties in young and older adults? Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 542-579.
    • (1991) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.30 , pp. 542-579
    • Burke, D.M.1    MacKay, D.G.2    Worthley, J.S.3    Wade, E.4
  • 10
    • 0022822067 scopus 로고
    • Word associations in old age: Evidence for consistency in semantic encoding during adulthood
    • Burke, D.M., & Peters, L. (1986). Word associations in old age: Evidence for consistency in semantic encoding during adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 4, 283-292.
    • (1986) Psychology and Aging , vol.4 , pp. 283-292
    • Burke, D.M.1    Peters, L.2
  • 12
    • 0022103443 scopus 로고
    • Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia in a highly literate subject: A developmental case with associated deficits of phonemic processing and awareness
    • Campbell, R., & Butterworth, B. (1985). Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia in a highly literate subject: A developmental case with associated deficits of phonemic processing and awareness. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 435-475.
    • (1985) The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 435-475
    • Campbell, R.1    Butterworth, B.2
  • 13
    • 0020759829 scopus 로고
    • Word recognition: Age differences in contextual facilitation effects
    • Cohen, G., & Faulkner, D. (1983). Word recognition: Age differences in contextual facilitation effects. British Journal of Psychology, 74, 239-251.
    • (1983) British Journal of Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 239-251
    • Cohen, G.1    Faulkner, D.2
  • 15
    • 33751350496 scopus 로고
    • PsyScope: An interactive graphic system for designing and controlling experiments in the psychology laboratory using Macintosh computers
    • Cohen, J.D., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993). PsyScope: An interactive graphic system for designing and controlling experiments in the psychology laboratory using Macintosh computers. Behavior Research: Methods, Instruments and Computers, 25, 257-271.
    • (1993) Behavior Research: Methods, Instruments and Computers , vol.25 , pp. 257-271
    • Cohen, J.D.1    MacWhinney, B.2    Flatt, M.3    Provost, J.4
  • 16
    • 0001939528 scopus 로고
    • Adult age differences in working memory
    • G. Vallar & T. Shallice (Eds.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Craik, F.I.M., Morris, R.G., & Gick, M.L. (1994). Adult age differences in working memory. In G. Vallar & T. Shallice (Eds.), Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory (pp. 247-267). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1994) Neuropsychological Impairments of Short-term Memory , pp. 247-267
    • Craik, F.I.M.1    Morris, R.G.2    Gick, M.L.3
  • 19
    • 0023353759 scopus 로고
    • Disfluency and rate characteristics of young adult, middle-aged, and older males
    • Duchin, S.W., & Mysak, E.D. (1987). Disfluency and rate characteristics of young adult, middle-aged, and older males. Journal of Communication Disorders, 20, 245-257.
    • (1987) Journal of Communication Disorders , vol.20 , pp. 245-257
    • Duchin, S.W.1    Mysak, E.D.2
  • 20
    • 10644286149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Computer software]. San Jose, CA: Macromedia
    • Edmunds, M. (1999). Director (Version 7.0.2). [Computer software]. San Jose, CA: Macromedia.
    • (1999) Director (Version 7.0.2)
    • Edmunds, M.1
  • 21
    • 0000858396 scopus 로고
    • Age and semantic and phonological encoding
    • Elias, C.S., & Hirasuna, N. (1976), Age and semantic and phonological encoding. Developmental Psychology, 12, 497-503.
    • (1976) Developmental Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 497-503
    • Elias, C.S.1    Hirasuna, N.2
  • 22
    • 0032242424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of the attribute knowledge of concepts in normal aging groups
    • Eustache, F., Desgranges, B., Jacques, V., & Platel, H. (1998). Preservation of the attribute knowledge of concepts in normal aging groups. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 1155-1162.
    • (1998) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.87 , pp. 1155-1162
    • Eustache, F.1    Desgranges, B.2    Jacques, V.3    Platel, H.4
  • 23
    • 0036311378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing and lexical access to common and proper names in picture naming
    • Evrard, M. (2002). Ageing and lexical access to common and proper names in picture naming. Brain and Language, 81, 174-179.
    • (2002) Brain and Language , vol.81 , pp. 174-179
    • Evrard, M.1
  • 24
    • 0032199783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin study of aging
    • Finkel, D., Pederson, N.L., Plomin, R., & McClearn, G.E. (1998). Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin study of aging. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1400-1413.
    • (1998) Developmental Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 1400-1413
    • Finkel, D.1    Pederson, N.L.2    Plomin, R.3    McClearn, G.E.4
  • 25
    • 0030035617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and working memory: The role of perceptual speed, the central executive, and the phonological loop
    • Fisk, J.E., & Warr, P. (1996). Age and working memory: The role of perceptual speed, the central executive, and the phonological loop. Psychology and Aging, 11, 316-323.
    • (1996) Psychology and Aging , vol.11 , pp. 316-323
    • Fisk, J.E.1    Warr, P.2
  • 26
    • 0032417241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task complexity effect on vocal reaction time in aged speakers
    • Fozo, M.S., & Watson, B.C. (1998). Task complexity effect on vocal reaction time in aged speakers. Journal of Voice, 12, 404-414.
    • (1998) Journal of Voice , vol.12 , pp. 404-414
    • Fozo, M.S.1    Watson, B.C.2
  • 27
    • 10644293524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological and semantic coding in short-term memory in young and older adults
    • Fradet, A., Gil, R., & Gaonac, D.H. (1996). Phonological and semantic coding in short-term memory in young and older adults. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 6, 53-81.
    • (1996) Revue de Neuropsychologie , vol.6 , pp. 53-81
    • Fradet, A.1    Gil, R.2    Gaonac, D.H.3
  • 29
    • 0035463586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of semantic information in capacity-limited item short-term memory
    • Haarman, H., & Usher, M. (2001). Maintenance of semantic information in capacity-limited item short-term memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 568-578.
    • (2001) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.8 , pp. 568-578
    • Haarman, H.1    Usher, M.2
  • 30
    • 0018877526 scopus 로고
    • Category norms: A comparison of the Battig and Montague (1960) norms with the responses of adults between the ages of 20 and 80
    • Howard, D.V. (1980). Category norms: A comparison of the Battig and Montague (1960) norms with the responses of adults between the ages of 20 and 80. Journal of Gerontology, 35, 225-231.
    • (1980) Journal of Gerontology , vol.35 , pp. 225-231
    • Howard, D.V.1
  • 31
    • 34248860304 scopus 로고
    • Memory for familiar and unfamiliar words: Evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span
    • Hulme, C., Maughan, S., & Brown, G.D.A. (1991). Memory for familiar and unfamiliar words: Evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 685-701.
    • (1991) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.30 , pp. 685-701
    • Hulme, C.1    Maughan, S.2    Brown, G.D.A.3
  • 33
    • 84935474742 scopus 로고
    • Imitation of complex syntactic constructions by elderly adults
    • Kemper, S. (1986). Imitation of complex syntactic constructions by elderly adults. Applied Psycholinguistics, 7, 277-287.
    • (1986) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.7 , pp. 277-287
    • Kemper, S.1
  • 35
    • 0034981632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults
    • Kemper, S., & Sumner, A. (2001). The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 16, 312-322.
    • (2001) Psychology and Aging , vol.16 , pp. 312-322
    • Kemper, S.1    Sumner, A.2
  • 36
    • 0035213754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal change in language production: Effects of aging and dementia on grammatical complexity and propositional content
    • Kemper, S., Thompson, M., & Marquis, J. (2001). Longitudinal change in language production: Effects of aging and dementia on grammatical complexity and propositional content. Psychology and Aging, 16, 600-614.
    • (2001) Psychology and Aging , vol.16 , pp. 600-614
    • Kemper, S.1    Thompson, M.2    Marquis, J.3
  • 37
    • 0003059994 scopus 로고
    • Aging and the loss of grammatical forms: A cross-sectional study of language performance
    • Kynette, D., & Kemper, S. (1986). Aging and the loss of grammatical forms: A cross-sectional study of language performance. Language and Communication, 6, 43-49.
    • (1986) Language and Communication , vol.6 , pp. 43-49
    • Kynette, D.1    Kemper, S.2
  • 40
    • 0001917095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language, memory, and aging: Distributed deficits and the structure of new-versus-old connections
    • J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.). San Diego: Academic Press
    • MacKay, D.G., & Abrams, L. (1996). Language, memory, and aging: Distributed deficits and the structure of new-versus-old connections. In J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 251-265). San Diego: Academic Press.
    • (1996) Handbook of the Psychology of Aging , pp. 251-265
    • MacKay, D.G.1    Abrams, L.2
  • 41
    • 77956729002 scopus 로고
    • Cognition and aging: A theory of new learning and the use of old connections
    • T.M. Hess (Ed.). North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
    • MacKay, D.G., & Burke, D.M. (1990). Cognition and aging: A theory of new learning and the use of old connections. In T.M. Hess (Ed.), Aging and cognition: Knowledge organization and utilization (pp. 213-263). North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
    • (1990) Aging and Cognition: Knowledge Organization and Utilization , pp. 213-263
    • MacKay, D.G.1    Burke, D.M.2
  • 42
    • 0002409713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language and auditory verbal short-term memory impairments: Evidence for common underlying processes
    • Martin, N., & Saffran, E. (1997). Language and auditory verbal short-term memory impairments: Evidence for common underlying processes. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 641-682.
    • (1997) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.14 , pp. 641-682
    • Martin, N.1    Saffran, E.2
  • 43
    • 0023242591 scopus 로고
    • Articulatory and phonological deficits in short-term memory and their relation to syntactic processing
    • Martin, R.C. (1987). Articulatory and phonological deficits in short-term memory and their relation to syntactic processing. Brain and Language, 32, 159-192.
    • (1987) Brain and Language , vol.32 , pp. 159-192
    • Martin, R.C.1
  • 44
    • 0003153464 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological evidence on the role of short-term memory in sentence processing
    • G. Vallar & T. Shallice (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Martin, R.C. (1990). Neuropsychological evidence on the role of short-term memory in sentence processing. In G. Vallar & T. Shallice (Eds.), Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory (pp. 390-427). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Neuropsychological Impairments of Short-term Memory , pp. 390-427
    • Martin, R.C.1
  • 45
    • 0027503618 scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory and sentence processing: Evidence from neuropsychology
    • Martin, R.C. (1993). Short-term memory and sentence processing: Evidence from neuropsychology. Memory and Cognition, 21, 176-183.
    • (1993) Memory and Cognition , vol.21 , pp. 176-183
    • Martin, R.C.1
  • 47
    • 0003320365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of verbal working memory: The ins and outs of phonological and lexical-semantic retention
    • H.L. III Roediger & J.S. Nairne (Eds.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Martin, R.C., & Freedman, M.L. (2001a). The neuropsychology of verbal working memory: The ins and outs of phonological and lexical-semantic retention. In H.L. III Roediger & J.S. Nairne (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder. Science conference series (pp. 331-349). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2001) The Nature of Remembering: Essays in Honor of Robert G. Crowder. Science Conference Series , pp. 331-349
    • Martin, R.C.1    Freedman, M.L.2
  • 48
    • 0034827603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term retention of lexical-semantic representations: Implications for speech production
    • Martin, R.C., & Freedman, M.L. (2001b). Short-term retention of lexical-semantic representations: Implications for speech production. Memory, 9, 261-280.
    • (2001) Memory , vol.9 , pp. 261-280
    • Martin, R.C.1    Freedman, M.L.2
  • 49
    • 0002070487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations and dissociations between language impairment and list recall: Implications for models of STM
    • S. Gathercole (Ed.). Hove: Psychology Press
    • Martin, R.C., & Lesch, M.F. (1996). Associations and dissociations between language impairment and list recall: Implications for models of STM. In S. Gathercole (Ed.), Models of short-term memory (pp. 149-178). Hove: Psychology Press.
    • (1996) Models of Short-term Memory , pp. 149-178
    • Martin, R.C.1    Lesch, M.F.2
  • 50
    • 0001239338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independence of input and output phonology in word processing and short-term memory
    • Martin, R.C., Lesch, M.F., & Bartha, M.C. (1999). Independence of input and output phonology in word processing and short-term memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 3-29.
    • (1999) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.41 , pp. 3-29
    • Martin, R.C.1    Lesch, M.F.2    Bartha, M.C.3
  • 51
    • 4544257849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lexical-semantic retention and speech production: Further evidence from normal and brain-damaged participants for a phrasal scope of planning
    • in press
    • Martin, R.C., Miller, M.D., & Vu, H. (2004). Lexical-semantic retention and speech production: Further evidence from normal and brain-damaged participants for a phrasal scope of planning. Cognitive Neuropsychology, in press.
    • (2004) Cognitive Neuropsychology
    • Martin, R.C.1    Miller, M.D.2    Vu, H.3
  • 52
    • 0001120856 scopus 로고
    • Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension: A multiple-components view
    • Martin, R.C., & Romani, C. (1994). Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension: A multiple-components view. Neuropsychology, 8, 506-523.
    • (1994) Neuropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 506-523
    • Martin, R.C.1    Romani, C.2
  • 53
    • 0001807233 scopus 로고
    • Language processing and working memory: Neuropsychological evidence for separate phonological and semantic capacities
    • Martin, R.C., Shelton, J., & Yaffee, L.S. (1994). Language processing and working memory: Neuropsychological evidence for separate phonological and semantic capacities. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 83-11.
    • (1994) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.33 , pp. 83-11
    • Martin, R.C.1    Shelton, J.2    Yaffee, L.S.3
  • 56
    • 0042682566 scopus 로고
    • A general model for the study of developmental problems
    • Schaie, K.W. (1965). A general model for the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 92-107.
    • (1965) Psychological Bulletin , vol.64 , pp. 92-107
    • Schaie, K.W.1
  • 57
    • 0038898703 scopus 로고
    • A reinterpretation of age-related changes in cognitive structure and function
    • L.R. Goulet & P.B. Baltes (Eds.). New York: Academic
    • Schaie, K.W. (1970). A reinterpretation of age-related changes in cognitive structure and function. In L.R. Goulet & P.B. Baltes (Eds.), Life-span development psychology: Research and theory (pp. 485-507). New York: Academic.
    • (1970) Life-span Development Psychology: Research and Theory , pp. 485-507
    • Schaie, K.W.1
  • 58
    • 0003032090 scopus 로고
    • Intellectual development in adulthood
    • J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Schaie, K.W. (1990). Intellectual development in adulthood. In J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (3rd ed., pp. 291-309). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1990) Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (3rd Ed.) , pp. 291-309
    • Schaie, K.W.1
  • 59
    • 0000519278 scopus 로고
    • Differences between young and older adults in learning a foreign vocabulary
    • Service, E., & Craik, F.I.M. (1993). Differences between young and older adults in learning a foreign vocabulary. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 608-623.
    • (1993) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.32 , pp. 608-623
    • Service, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2
  • 60
    • 0026802365 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic and temporal correlates of perceived age
    • Shipp, T., Qi, Y., Huntley, R., & Hollien, H. (1992). Acoustic and temporal correlates of perceived age. Journal of Voice, 6, 211-216.
    • (1992) Journal of Voice , vol.6 , pp. 211-216
    • Shipp, T.1    Qi, Y.2    Huntley, R.3    Hollien, H.4
  • 61
    • 0012331321 scopus 로고
    • Encoding and retention of semantic and phonemic information in short term memory
    • Shulman, H.G. (1970). Encoding and retention of semantic and phonemic information in short term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, 499-508.
    • (1970) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.9 , pp. 499-508
    • Shulman, H.G.1
  • 64
    • 0032720364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High level processing scope in spoken sentence production
    • Smith, M., & Wheeldon, L. (1999). High level processing scope in spoken sentence production. Cognition, 73, 205-246.
    • (1999) Cognition , vol.73 , pp. 205-246
    • Smith, M.1    Wheeldon, L.2
  • 65
    • 0034601404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the functional organization of the brain for working memory
    • Speck, O., Ernst, T., Braun, J., Koch, C., Miller, E., & Chang, L. (2000). Gender differences in the functional organization of the brain for working memory. Neuroreport, 11, 2581-2585.
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 2581-2585
    • Speck, O.1    Ernst, T.2    Braun, J.3    Koch, C.4    Miller, E.5    Chang, L.6
  • 66
    • 0001150765 scopus 로고
    • Life-span characteristics of text processing: Structural and procedural differences
    • Spilich, G.J. (1983). Life-span characteristics of text processing: Structural and procedural differences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 231-244.
    • (1983) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 231-244
    • Spilich, G.J.1
  • 67
    • 0000425909 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in performance on tests of cognitive abilities: Experimental design issues and empirical results
    • Stumpf, H. (1995). Gender differences in performance on tests of cognitive abilities: Experimental design issues and empirical results. Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 275-287.
    • (1995) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.7 , pp. 275-287
    • Stumpf, H.1
  • 68
    • 0036905148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric aging effects on semantic and phonological processes: Naming in the picture-word interference task
    • Taylor, J.K., & Burke, D.M. (2002). Asymmetric aging effects on semantic and phonological processes: Naming in the picture-word interference task. Psychology and Aging, 17, 662-676.
    • (2002) Psychology and Aging , vol.17 , pp. 662-676
    • Taylor, J.K.1    Burke, D.M.2
  • 69
    • 0033448990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concrete words are easier to recall than abstract words: Evidence for a semantic contribution to short-term serial recall
    • Walker, I., & Hulme, C. (1997). Concrete words are easier to recall than abstract words: Evidence for a semantic contribution to short-term serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 1256-1271.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 1256-1271
    • Walker, I.1    Hulme, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.