Prognostic factors in severe community pneumonia;Factores pronósticos en la neumonía comunitaria grave

Medicina Intensiva

Volumn 28, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 419-424

  Gilavert Cuevas, M C ^a   Bodi Saera M ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI JOAN XXIII   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; LABORATORY TEST; REVIEW; SEPTIC SHOCK; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY;

EID: 10644230176     PISSN: 02105691     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0210-5691(04)70099-6     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Torres A, Serra-Batllesg J, Ferrer A, Jiménez P, Celis R, Cobo E, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Epidemiology and prognostic factors. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:312-8.
2. Álvarez-Sánchez B, Álvarez-Lerma F, Jordá R, Serra J, López-Cambra MJ, Sandar MD, y Grupo de Estudio de Neumonía Comunitaria Grave en Espana. Factores pronósticos y etiología de los pacientes con neumonía grave ingresados en UCI. Med Clin 1998;111:650-4.
3. Almirall J, Mesalles E, Klamburg J, Parra O, Agudo A. Prognostic factors of pneumonia requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Chest 1995;107:511-6.
4. Moine P, Vercken JB, Chevret S, Chastang C, Gajdos P and the French Study Group for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Etiology, epidemiology and prognosis factors. Chest 1994;105: 1487-95.
5. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Torres A, Arancibia F, Marco F, Mensa J, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Risk factors and follow-up epidemiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:923-9.
6. Leroy O, Santré C, Beuscart C, Georges H, Query B, Jacquier JM, et al. A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 1995;21:24-31.
7. Pachón J, Prados MD, Capote JA, Cuello JA, Garnacho J, Verano A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Etiology, prognosis and treatment. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:369-73.
8. Rello J, Quintana E, Ausina V, Net A, Prats G. A three-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on outcome. Chest 1993;103:232-5.
9. Örtqvist A, Hedlund J, Grillner L, Jalonen E, Railings I, Leinonen M, et al. Aetiology, outcome and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation. Eur Respir J 1990;3:1105-13.
10. Luna CM, Famiglietti A, Absi R, Videla AJ, Nogueira FJ, Fuenzalida AD, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia. Etiology, epidemiology, and outcome at a teaching hospital in Argentina. Chest 2000;118:1344-54.
11. Pascual FE, Matthay MA, Bacchetti P, Wachter RM. Assessment of prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia who require mechanical ventilation. Chest 2000;17:503-12.
12. Ewig S, Torres A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1999;20:575-87.
13. Rello J, Rodriguez R, Jubert P, Álvarez B, and the Study Group for Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Severe community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, epidemiology and prognosis. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:723-8.
14. Georges H, Leroy O, Vandenbussche C, Query B, Alfandari S, Tronchon L, et al. Epidemiological features and prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 1999;25:198-206.
15. Feldman C, Kallenbach JM, Levy H, Reinach SG, Hurwitz MD, Thorburn JR, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia of diverse aetiology: prognostic features in patients admitted to an intensive care unit and a "severity of illness" score. Intensive Care Med 1989;15:302-7.
16. Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, Kallinen S, Karkole K, Korppi M, et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:977-88.
17. Marrie TJ. Pneumonia in the elderly. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1996;2:192-7.
18. Fein AM. Pneumonia in the elderly: Overview of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:726-9.
19. Brown PD, Lerner SA. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 1998;352:1295-302.
20. Feldman C. Pneumonia in the elderly. Clin Chest Med 1999;20:563-73.
21. Houston MS, Silverstein MD, Suman VJ. Risk factors for 30-day mortality in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2190-5.
22. Woodhead MA, Macfarlane JT, Rodgers FG, Laverick A, Pilkintong R, Macrae AD. A etiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect 1985;10:204-10.
23. Hook EW, Horton CA, Schaberg DR. Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia. JAMA 1983;249:1055-7.
24. Ely EW. Pneumonia in the elderly: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Infect Med 1997;14:643-54.
25. Lieberman D, Lieberman D. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. A practical guide to treatment. Drugs Aging 2000;17:93-105.
26. Riquelme R, Torres A, El-Ebiary M, de la Bellacasa JP, Estruch R, Mensa J, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. A multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:1450-5.
27. American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1730-54.
28. Janssens JP, Gauthey L, Herrmann F, Tkatch L, Michel JP. Community-acquired pneumonia in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:539-44.
29. Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Schlaeffer F, Porath A. Community-acquired pneumonia in old age: A prospective study of 91 patients admitted from home. Age Ageing 1997;26:69-75.
30. Han LL, Alexander JP, Anderson LJ. Respiratory syncitial virus pneumonia among the elderly: An assessment of disease burden. J Infect Dis 1999;179:25-30.
31. Krampe PE, Cummiskey JM, Lillington GA. Alcohol and the respiratory tract. Med Clin North Am 1984;68:201-19.
32. Fernández-Solá J, Junque A, Estruch R, Monforte R, Torres A, Urbano-Márquez A. High alcohol intake as a risk and prognostic factor for community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1649-54.
33. Capps JA, Coleman GH. Influence of alcohol on prognosis of pneumonia in Cook County Hospital. JAMA 1923;80: 750-2.
34. Chomet B, Gach BM. Lobar pneumonia and alcoholism: an analysis of thirty-seven cases. Am J Med Sci 1967;253:300-4.
35. Adams HG, Jordan C. Infections in the alcoholic. Med Clin North Am 1984;68:179-200.
36. Watanakunakorn C, Greifenstein A, Stroh K, Jarjoura DG, Blend D, Cugino A, et al. Pneumococcal bacteremia in three community teaching hospitals from 1980 to 1989. Chest 1993; 103:1152-6.
37. Perlino CA, Rimland D. Alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:757-60.
38. Fruchtman SM, Gombert ME, Lyons HA. Adult respiratory distress syndrome as a cause of death in pneumococcal pneumonia. A report of ten cases. Chest 1983;83:598-601.
39. Jay SJ, Johanson WG Jr, Pierce AK. The radiographic resolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1975;293:798-801.
40. Kirtland SH, Winterbauer RH. Slowly resolving, chronic, and recurrent pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1991;12:303-18.
41. Kirtland SH, Winterbauer RH, Dreis DF, Pardee NE, Springmeyer SC. A clinical profile of chronic bacterial pneumonia. Report of 115 cases. Chest 1994;106:15-22.
42. Marik PE. The clinical features of severe community acquired pneumonia presenting as septic shock. J Crit Care 2000; 15:85-90.
43. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Marcos MA, Martinez JA, Arancibia F, Mensa J, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: impact of age, comorbidity and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:397-405.
44. Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation: 5-year prospective study. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11:586-99.
45. Zalacain R, Sobradillo V, Amilibia J, Barrou J, Achotegui V, Pijoan JI, et al. Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 1999;13: 343-8.
46. Monsó E, Ruiz J, Rosell A, Manterola J, Fiz J, Morera J, et al. Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152: 1316-20.
47. Hirschmann JV. Do bacteria cause exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2000;118;193-203.
48. Torres A, Dorca J, Zalacain R, Bello S, El-Ebeary M, Molinos L, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A Spanish multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:1456-61.
49. Hatchette TF, Gupta R, Marrie TJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia in previously healthy adults: case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1349-56.
50. Rello J, Esandi ME, Mariscal D, Gallego M, Domingo C, Vallés J. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: report of eight cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:1473-5.
51. Segado Soriano A, López González-Cobos C, Montés Germán I, Pinilla Lorente B, García Castaño J, Muiño Míguez A. Factores pronóstico de mortalidad en la neumonía comunitaria que requiere hospitalizacion. Rev Clin Esp 1994;194:276-81.
52. Cordero L, Pachón J, Rivero A, Giron-González JA, Gomez-Mateos J, Merino MD, et al; Grupo andaluz para el estudio de enfermedades infecciosas. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: validation of severity criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:2063-8.
53. Afessa B, Green B. Bacterial pneumonia in hospitalised patients with HIV infection. The pulmonary complications, ICU support, and prognostic factors of hospitalised patients with HIV (PIP) study. Chest 2000;117:1017-22.
54. Collin BA, Ramphal R. Pneumonia in the compromised host including cancer patients and transplant patients. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998;12:781-805.
55. Farr BM, Sloman AJ, Fisch MJ. Predicting death in patients hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:428-36.
56. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax 2001;56(Suppl IV):1-64.
57. Middleton R, Gibbon JH. The prognostic value of the initial leukocyte and differential count in lobar pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 1930;180:31-6.
58. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Domart Y, Trouillet JL, Pierre J, Darne C, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139: 877-84.
59. Stevens RM, Teres D, Skillman JJ, Feingold DS. Pneumonia in an intensive care unit. A 30-month experience. Arch Intern Med 1974;134:106-11.
60. Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL, Scrimshaw NS, Flatt JP. Cellular immunity in semistarved states in hospitalised adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1975;28:1148-55.
61. Hoffenberg R, Black E, Brock JF. Albumin and γ-globulin tracer studies in protein depletion states. J Clin Invest 1966;45:143-52.
62. Kirsch R, Frith L, Black E, Hoffenberg R. Regulation of albumin synthesis and catabolism by alteration of dietary protein. Nature 1968;21:578-9.
63. Chandra RK. Nutrition, immunity, and infection: present knowledge and future directions. Lancet 1983;1:688-91.
64. Tilghman RC, Finland M. Clinical significance of bacteremia in pneumococcal pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1937;59: 602-19.
65. Bullowa JGM, Wilcox C. Incidence of bacteremia in the pneumonias and its relation to mortality. Arch Intern Med 1935;55:558-73.
66. Celis R, Torres A, Gatell JM, Almela R, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Agusti-Vidal A. Nosocomial pneumonia. A multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis. Chest 1988;93:318-24.
67. Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, Jiménez P, González J, Ferrer A, et al. Incidence, risk and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142: 523-8.
68. MacFarlane JT, Finch RG, Ward MJ, McGrae AD. Hospital study of adult community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 1982;2:255-8.
69. Sorensen J, Cederholm I, Carlsson C. Pneumonia: a deadly disease despite intensive care treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 1986;18:329-35.
70. Leroy O, Georges H, Beuscart C, Guery B, Coffinier C, Vandenbussche C, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs: prospective validation of a prognostic score. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:1307-14.
71. Örqvist A, Sterner G, Nilsson JA. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: factors influencing need of intensive care treatment and prognosis. Scand J Infect Dis 1985;17:377-86.
72. Woodhead MA, MacFarlane JT. Comparative clinical and laboratory features of Legionella with pneumococcal and mycoplasma pneumonias. Br J Dis Chest 1987;81:133-9.
73. Feldman C, Ross S, Mahomed AG, Omar J, Smith C. The aetiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia and its impact on initial, empiric, antimicrobial chemotherapy. Respir Med 1995;89:187-92.
74. Jong GM, Hsiue TR, Chen CR, Chang HY, Chen CW. Rapidly fatal outcome of bacteremic Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in alcoholics. Chest 1995;107:214-7.
75. Knaus WA, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Draper EA, Lawrence DE. APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiological based classification system. Crit Care Med 1981;9:591-7.
76. Le Gall JR, Loirat P, Alperovitch A, Glaser P, Granthil C, Mathieu D, et al. A simplified acute physiologic score for ICU patients. Crit Care Med 1984;12:975-7.