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R. C. Cassada and R. L. Russell, Dev. Biol. 46, 326 (1975); D. L. Riddle, in The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, W. B. Wood, Ed. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1988), pp. 393-412.
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Mello, C.C.1
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Ambros, V.4
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0027453695
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Cosmid DE9 [D. Pilgrim, Genome 36, 712 (1993)] transformed a daf-7(e1372) mutant strain to wild type, indicating that it carried daf-7(+). A 10-kb Cla I-rescuing fragment spanned the site of a Tc1 insertion in daf-7(m434::Tc1) as determined by Southern (DNA) blot analysis of mutant and parent daf-7(+) genomic DNA. A 5-kb Cla I-Pst I fragment DR#227 (Fig. 1A) from the 10-kb fragment was microinjected into the germlines of daf-7 mutants e1372 and n696 along with plasmid pRF4 [ominant mutant rol-6(su1006)] as a transformation marker (7). Rescued progeny were identified as L4 and adult rollers at 25°C. Five cDNA clones were identified through use of a 1-kb Bam HI fragment from DR#227 (Fig. 1A) to probe a mixed-stage C. elegans cDNA library [R. J. Barstead and R. H. Waterston, J. Biol. Chem. 264, 10177 (1989)]. A 1.2-kb, full-length cDNA (DR#231) and the entire 5-kb genomic fragment (DR#227) were sequenced.
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Genome
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Pilgrim, D.1
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10
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0024319166
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Cosmid DE9 [D. Pilgrim, Genome 36, 712 (1993)] transformed a daf-7(e1372) mutant strain to wild type, indicating that it carried daf-7(+). A 10-kb Cla I-rescuing fragment spanned the site of a Tc1 insertion in daf-7(m434::Tc1) as determined by Southern (DNA) blot analysis of mutant and parent daf-7(+) genomic DNA. A 5-kb Cla I-Pst I fragment DR#227 (Fig. 1A) from the 10-kb fragment was microinjected into the germlines of daf-7 mutants e1372 and n696 along with plasmid pRF4 [ominant mutant rol-6(su1006)] as a transformation marker (7). Rescued progeny were identified as L4 and adult rollers at 25°C. Five cDNA clones were identified through use of a 1-kb Bam HI fragment from DR#227 (Fig. 1A) to probe a mixed-stage C. elegans cDNA library [R. J. Barstead and R. H. Waterston, J. Biol. Chem. 264, 10177 (1989)]. A 1.2-kb, full-length cDNA (DR#231) and the entire 5-kb genomic fragment (DR#227) were sequenced.
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J. Biol. Chem.
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Barstead, R.J.1
Waterston, R.H.2
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10544247237
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note
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the entire daf-7 gene of each mutant. Gel-purified PCR products were subcloned into pBluescript. At least two independent PCR clones per mutant were sequenced.
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15
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0027122245
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S. Daopin, K. A. Piez, Y. Ogawa, D. R. Davies, Science 257, 369 (1992); D. L. Griffith et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 878 (1996).
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Daopin, S.1
Piez, K.A.2
Ogawa, Y.3
Davies, D.R.4
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16
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S. Daopin, K. A. Piez, Y. Ogawa, D. R. Davies, Science 257, 369 (1992); D. L. Griffith et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 878 (1996).
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Griffith, D.L.1
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17
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23444431611
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PCR was used to create an Xma I site immediately before the daf-7 start codon. daf-7p::gfp (DR#271) was constructed by subcloning the 3-kb Xba I-Xma I fragment 5′ of the daf-7 start codon from DR#227 (Fig. 1A) into gfp vector Tu#61 [M. Chalfie, Y. Tu, G. Euskirchen, W. W. Ward, D. C. Prasher, Science 263, 802 (199-4)]. DR# 271 and pRF4 plasmid were coinjected into wild-type animals (8). Lines carrying the transgenes stably integrated into a chromosome were generated by γ-irradiation (76). Neuron identification was based on the position of nuclei and axonal morphology (15). GFP expression was observed in growth-promoting conditions at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. Faint GFP expression in the AIM interneurons was observed at low frequency.
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Science
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Chalfie, M.1
Tu, Y.2
Euskirchen, G.3
Ward, W.W.4
Prasher, D.C.5
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0002221492
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J. G. White, E. Southgate, J. N. Thomson, S. Brenner. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 314, 1 (1986).
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White, J.G.1
Southgate, E.2
Thomson, J.N.3
Brenner, S.4
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20
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10544249265
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note
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In each of three replicates, about 40 eggs were hatched in 95 μl of M9 buffer plus 5 μl of pheromone extract (3).
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22
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10544225670
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note
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DR#271 and pRF4 plasmid (8) were microinjected into daf-7(n696).
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25
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0025281396
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L. L. Georgi, P. S. Albert, D. L. Riddle, Cell 61, 635 (1990); A. Estevez and D. L. Riddle, in preparation.
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Georgi, L.L.1
Albert, P.S.2
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in preparation
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L. L. Georgi, P. S. Albert, D. L. Riddle, Cell 61, 635 (1990); A. Estevez and D. L. Riddle, in preparation.
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M. Estevez et al., Nature 365, 644 (1993).
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A. A. F. Evans and R. M. Perry, in The Organization of Nematodes, N. A. Croll, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1976), pp. 383-424.
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Evans, A.A.F.1
Perry, R.M.2
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10544248496
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note
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We thank C. Bargmann and J. White (neuron identification and discussion), M. Chalfie (gfp vector), J. Kramer (pRF4 plasmid), R. Barstead (cDNA library), H. R. Horvitz [daf-7(n896)], P. Hoppe and M. Estevez (help with microinjection), M. Estevez (preparing the Fig. 2 blot), M. Stanley and E. Norton (processing Fig. 3, A to D), V. Spate (γ source), D. Gems and C. Gunther (helpful discussions), and L. Hatley (manuscript processing). Supported by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services grant HD11239 to D.L.R.
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