CART peptides: Modulators of mesolimbic dopamine, feeding, and stress

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1025, Issue , 2004, Pages 363-369

  Dominguez, Geraldina ^a   Vicentic, Alexandra ^a   Del Giudice, Emanuele Miraglia ^b   Jaworski, Jason ^a   Hunter, Richard G ^a   Kuhar, Michael J ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

Body weight; Feeding; Reward; Satiety; Stress

Indexed keywords

COCAINE AND AMPHETAMINE REGULATED TRANSCRIPT PEPTIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BODY WEIGHT; CONFERENCE PAPER; FEEDING; HUMAN; LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS; MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; SATIETY; STRESS;

EID: 10444231221     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1316.044     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (44)

1. DOUGLASS, J., A.A. MCKINZIE & P. COUCEYRO. 1995. PCR differential display identifies a rat brain mRNA that is transcriptionally regulated by cocaine and amphetamine. J. Neurosci. 15: 2471-2481.
2. DOUGLASS, J. & S. DAOUD. 1996. Characterization of the human cDNA and genomic DNA encoding CART: a cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. Gene 169: 241-245.
3. ADAMS, L.D. et al. 1999. CART: from gene to function. Brain Res. 848: 137-140.
4. THIM, L. et al. 1998. CART, a new anorectic peptide. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30: 1281-1284.
5. THIM, L. et al. 1999. Tissue-specific processing of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides in the rat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 2122-2121.
6. KUHAR, M.J. & L.L. YOHO. 1999. CART peptide analysis by Western blotting. Synapse 33: 163-171.
7. DEY, A. et al. 2003. Biological processing of the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript precursors by prohormone convertases, PC2 and PC1/3. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 15007-15014.
8. HUNTER, R.G. & M.J. KUHAR. 2003. CART peptides as targets for CNS drug development. Curr. Drug Target CNS Neurol. Disord. 2: 201-205.
9. JAWORSKI, J.N. et al. 2003. CART peptides are modulators of mesolimbic dopamine and psychostimulants. Life Sci. 73: 741-747.
10. SPIESS, J., J. VILLARREAL & W. VALE. 1981. Isolation and sequence analysis of a somatostatin-like polypeptide from ovine hypothalamus. Biochemistry 20: 1982-1988.
11. FAGERGREN, P. & Y.L. HURD. 1999. Mesolimbic gender differences in peptide CART mRNA expression: effects of cocaine. Neuroreport 10: 3449-3452.
12. BRENZ VERCA, M.S. et al. 2001. Cocaine-indu ced expression of the tetraspanin CD81 and its relation to hypothalamic function. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17: 303-316.
13. VRANG, N., P.J. LARSEN & P. KRISTENSEN. 2002. Cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expression is not regulated by amphetamine. Neuroreport 13: 1215-1218.
14. MARIE-CLAIRE, C. et al. 2003. Fos but not Cart (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript) is overexpressed by several drugs of abuse: a comparative study using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in rat brain. Neurosci Lett. 345: 77-80.
15. KIMMEL, H.L. et al. 2000. Intra-ventral tegmental area injection of rat cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide 55-102 induces locomotor activity and promotes conditioned place preference. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 294: 784-792.
16. BARRETT, P., J. DAVIDSON & P. MORGAN. 2002. CART gene promoter transcription is regulated by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element. Obes. Res. 10: 1291-1298.
17. YAMADA, K. et al. 2002. Sequencing of the putative promoter region of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated-transcript gene and identification of polymorphic sites associated with obesity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26: 132-136.
18. DOMINGUEZ, G., A. LAKATOS & M.J. KUHAR. 2002. Characterization of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide gene promoter and its activation by a cyclic AMP-dependent signaling pathway in GH3 cells. J. Neurochem. 80: 885-893.
19. BLENDY, J.A. & R. MALDONADO. 1998. Genetic analysis of drug addiction: the role of cAMP response element binding protein. J. Mol. Med. 76: 104-110.
20. BERKE, J.D. & S.E. HYMAN. 2000. Addiction, dopamine, and the molecular mechanisms of memory. Neuron 25: 515-532.
21. NESTLER, E.J. 2001. Molecular neurobiology of addiction. Am. J. Addict. 10: 201-217.
22. LAKATOS, A., G. DOMINGUEZ & M.J. KUHAR. 2002. CART promoter CRE site binds phosphorylated CREB. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 104: 81-85.
23. KOYLU, E.O. et al. 1997. Immunohistochemical localization of novel CART peptides in rat hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal gland. J. Neuroendocrinol. 9: 823-833.
24. JENSEN, P.B. et al. 1999. The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non-anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans. FEBS Lett. 447: 139-143.
25. SAVONTAUS, E., I.M. CONWELL & S.L. WARDLAW. 2002. Effects of adrenalectomy on AGRP, POMC, NPY and CART gene expression in the basal hypothalamus of fed and fasted rats. Brain Res. 958: 130-138.
26. BALKAN, B. et al. 2003. Effects of adrenalectomy on CART expression in the rat arcuate nucleus. Synapse 50: 14-19.
27. VRANG, N. et al. 2003. Hypothalamic cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is regulated by glucocorticoids. Brain Res. 965: 45-50.
28. GAUTVIK, K.M. et al. 1996. Overview of the most prevalent hypothalamus-specific mRNAs, as identified by directional tag PCR subtraction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 8733-8738.
29. LAMBERT, P.D. et al. 1998. CART peptides in the central control of feeding and interactions with neuropeptide Y. Synapse 29: 293-298.
30. KRISTENSEN, P. et al. 1998. Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin. Nature 393: 72-76.
31. LARSEN, P.J. et al. 2003. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript is present in hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurones and is released to the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circuit. J. Neuroendocrinol. 15: 219-226.
32. OKUMURA, T. et al. 2000. Cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) acts in the central nervous system to inhibit gastric acid secretion via brain corticotropin-releasing factor system. Endocrinology 141: 2854-2860.
33. ASAKAWA, A. et al. 2001. Cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript influences energy metabolism, anxiety and gastric emptying in mice. Horm. Metab. Res. 33: 554-558.
34. ELIAS, C.F. et al. 1998. Leptin activates hypothalamic CART neurons projecting to the spinal cord. Neuron 21: 1375-1385.
35. COUCEYRO, P. et al. 1998. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide immunoreactivity in myenteric plexus neurons of the rat ileum and colocalization with choline acetyltransferase. Synapse 30: 1-8.
36. EKBLAD, E. et al. 2003. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART): distribution and function in rat gastro-intestinal tract. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 15: 545-557.
37. ELLIS, L.M. & G.M. MAWE. 2003. Distribution and chemical coding of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART)-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig bowel. Cell Tissue Res. 24: 24.
38. BROBERGER, C. et al. 1999. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the rat vagus nerve: a putative mediator of cholecystokinin-induced satiety. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 13506-13511.
39. AJA, S. et al. 2001. Intracerebroventricular CART peptide reduces rat ingestive behavior and alters licking microstructure. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 280: R1613-1619.
40. WANG, C. et al. 2000. Effect of CART in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on feeding and uncoupling protein gene expression. Neuroreport 11: 3251-3255.
41. ABBOTT, C.R. et al. 2001. Evidence of an orexigenic role for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript after administration into discrete hypothalamic nuclei. Endocrinology 142: 3457-3463.
42. ASNICAR, M.A. et al. 2001. Absence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript results in obesity in mice fed a high caloric diet. Endocrinology 142: 4394-4400.
43. DEL GIUDICE, E.M. et al. 2001. Mutational screening of the CART gene in obese children: identifying a mutation (Leu34Phe) associated with reduced resting energy expenditure and cosegregating with obesity phenotype in the large family. Diabetes 50: 2157-2160.
44. JAWORSKI, J.N. et al. 2003. Intra-accumbal injection of ART (cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript peptide reduces cocaine-induce locomotor activity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 307: 1038-1044.