Little Ice Age glacial activity in the Mt. Waddington area, British Columbia Coast Mountains, Canada

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 40, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 1413-1436

  Larocque, S J ^a   Smith, D J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; GLACIERS; ICE; SOILS; VEGETATION;

CLIMATE-FORCING MECHANISMS; DOWNWASTING; ICE AGE GLACIAL ACTIVITY; MASS BALANCE CHANGES; RELATIVE AGE ESTIMATES;

EARTH SCIENCES;

CHRONOLOGY; DENDROCHRONOLOGY; GLACIATION; ICE RETREAT; LICHEN; LITTLE ICE AGE;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; COAST MOUNTAINS; MOUNT WADDINGTON; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 1042263299     PISSN: 00084077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/e03-053     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Applequist, M.B. 1958. A simple pith locator for use with off-center increment cores. Journal of Forestry, 56: 141.
2. Barclay, D.J., Calkin, P.E., and Wiles, G.C. 2001. Holocene history of Hubbard Glacier in Yakutat Bay and Russell Fiord, southern Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113: 388-402.
3. Beschel, R.E. 1973. Lichens as a measure of the age of recent moraines. Arctic and Alpine Research, 5: 303-309.
4. Bitz, C.M., and Battisti, D.S. 1999. Interannual to decadal variability in climate and the glacier mass balance in Washington, western Canada and Alaska. Journal of Climate, 12: 3181-3196.
5. Burbank, D.W. 1981. A chronology of late Holocene glacier fluctuations at Mount Rainier. Arctic and Alpine Research, 13: 369-386.
6. Calkin, P.E., Kaufman, D.S., Przybyl, B.J., Whitford, W.B., and Peck, B.J. 1998. Glacier regimes, periglacial landforms, and Holocene climate change in the Kigluaik Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research, 30: 154-165.
7. Calkin, P.E., Wiles, G.C., and Barclay, D.J. 2001. Holocene coastal glaciation of Alaska. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20: 449-461.
8. Clague, J.J., and Mathewes, R.W. 1996. Neoglaciation, glacier-dammed lakes, and vegetation change in northwestern British Columbia. Arctic and Alpine Research, 28: 10-24.
9. Clague, J.J., and Rampton, V.N. 1982. Neoglacial Lake Alsek. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19: 94-117.
10. Crandell, D.R., and Miller, R.D. 1964. Post-hypsithermal glacier advances at Mount Rainier, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 501-D.
11. Denton, G.H., and Karlén, W. 1973. Lichenometry: its application to Holocene moraine studies in the southern Alaska and Swedish Lapland. Arctic and Alpine Research, 5: 347-372.
12. Denton, G.H., and Karlén, W. 1977. Holocene glacial and tree-line variations in the White River Valley and Skolai Pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory. Quaternary Research, 7: 63-111.
13. Desloges, J.R. 1987. Paleohydrology of the Bella Coola river basin: an assessment of environmental reconstruction. Ph.D. thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
14. Desloges, J.R., and Ryder, J.M. 1990. Neoglacial history of the Coast Mountains near Bella Coola, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 27: 281-290.
15. Fritts, H.C. 1976. Tree Rings and Climate. Academic Press.
16. Fulton, R.J. 1971. Radiocarbon geochronology of southern British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71-37.
17. Grissino-Mayer, H.D. 2001. Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program cofecha. Tree-Ring Research, 57: 205-221.
18. Grove, J.M. 1988. The Little Ice Age. Methuen.
19. Grudd, H. 1990. Small glaciers as sensitives indicators of climatic fluctuations. Geografiska Annaler, 72A: 119-123.
20. Harper, J.T. 1992. Recent glacier fluctuations and climate trends on Mount Baker, WA. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 24: 31.
21. Harrison, S., and Winchester, V. 2000. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century glacier fluctuations and climatic implications in the Arco and Colonia valleys, Hielo Patagonica Norte, Chile. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 32: 55-63.
22. Heikkinen, O. 1984. Dendrochronlogical evidence of variations of Coleman Glacier, Mount Baker, Washington, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research, 16: 53-64.
23. Heusser, C.J. 1957. Variations of Blue, Hoh and White glaciers during recent centuries. Arctic, 10: 139-150.
24. Hodge, S.M., Trabant, D.C., Krimmel, R.M., Heinrichs, T.A., March, R.S., and Josberger, E.G. 1998. Climate variations and changes in mass of three glaciers in western North America, Journal of Climate, 11: 2161-2179.
25. Holmes, R.L. 1999. Documentation for the programs in the Dendrochronology Program Library and Dendroecology Program Library.
26. Innes, J.L. 1985. Lichenometry. Progress in Physical Geography, 9: 187-254.
27. Lawby, C.P., Smith, D.J., Laroque, C.P., and Brugman, M.M. 1995. Glaciological studies at Rae Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Physical Geography, 15: 425-441.
28. Lewis, D.H. 2001. Little Ice Age investigations in Strathcona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island. B.C. M.Sc. thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C.
29. Lowdon, J.A., and Blake, W.J. 1975. Radiocarbon dates XV. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 75-7.
30. Luckman, B.H. 1994. Evidence for climatic conditions between ca. 900-1300 AD in the southern Canadian Rockies. Climate Change, 30: 1-12.
31. Luckman, B.H. 2000. The Little Ice Age in the Canadian Rockies. Geomorphology, 32: 357-384.
32. Luckman, B.H., and Villalba, R. 2001. Assessing the synchroneity of glacier fluctuations in the western cordillera of the Americas during the last millenium. In Interhemispheric climate linkages. Edited by V. Markgraf. Academic Press, pp. 119-140.
33. Luckman, B.H., Holdsworth, G., and Osborn, G.D. 1993. Neoglacial glacier fluctuations in the Canadian Rockies. Quaternary Research, 39: 144-153.
34. Mathews, W.H. 1951. Historic and prehistoric fluctuations of alpine glaciers in the Mount Garibaldi map-area, south-western British Columbia. Journal of Geology, 59: 357-380.
35. McCarthy, D.P., and Luckman, B.H. 1993. Estimating ecesis for tree-ring dating of moraines: a comparative study from the Canadian Cordillera. Arctic and Alpine Research, 25: 63-68.
36. McCarthy, D.P., Luckman, B.H., and Kelly, P.E. 1991. Sampling height-age error correction for spruce seedlings in glacial forefields, Canadian Cordillera. Arctic and Alpine Research, 23: 451-455.
37. Meidinger, D.V., and Pojar, J. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C.
38. Meteorological Service of Canada. 2002. Canadian climate normals 1961-1990, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ont. (http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/climate/climate_normals_1990/index_e.cfm).
39. Oerlemans, J. 1989. On the response of valley glaciers to climate change. In Glacier fluctuations and climatic change. Edited by J. Oerlemans. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 353-371.
40. Osborn, G., and Luckman, B.H. 1988. Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Canadian Cordillera (Alberta and British Columbia). Quaternary Science Rivews, 7: 115-128.
41. Plafker, G., and Miller, D.J. 1957. Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report.
42. Porter, S.C. 1981. Lichenometry studies in the Cascade Range of Washington: establishment of Rhizocarpon geographicum growth curves at Mount Rainier. Arctic and Alpine Research, 13: 11-23.
43. Ricker, K., and Tupper, K. 1979. Wedgemount Lake and glacier studies, northern Garibaldi Park, 1978. Canadian Alpine Journal, 78: 65-66.
44. Ryder, J.M. 1987. Neoglacial history of the Stikine-Iskut area, northern Coast Mountains, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24: 1294-1301.
45. Ryder, J.M., and Thomson, B. 1986. Neoglaciation in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia: chronology prior to the late Neoglacial maximum. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23: 273-287.
46. Sigafoos, R.S., and Hendricks, E.L. 1961. Botanical evidence of the modern history of Nisqually Glacier, Washington, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 387-A, pp. A1-A20.
47. Sigafoos, R.S., and Hendricks, E.L. 1972. Recent activity of glaciers of Mount Rainier, Washington, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 387-B, pp. B1-B24.
48. Smith, D.J., and Desloges, J.R. 2000. Little Ice Age history of Tzeetsaytsul glacier, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 54: 135-141.
49. Smith, D.J., and Laroque, C.P. 1996. Dendroglaciological dating of a Little Ice Age glacial advance at Moving Glacier, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 50: 47-55.
50. Smith, D.J., McCarthy, D.P., and Colenutt, M.E. 1995. Little Ice Age glacial activity in Peter Lougheed and Elk Lakes provincial parks, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32: 579-589.
51. Tangborn, W. 1980. Two models for estimating climate-glacier relationships in the North Cascades, Washington, U.S.A. Journal of Glaciology, 25: 3-21.
52. Tuthill, S.J., Field, W.O., and Clayton, L. 1968. Past earthquakes studies at Sherman and Sheridan Glaciers. In The great Alaska earthquake of 1964. Hydrology. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., pp. 318-328.
53. Viereck, L.A. 1967. Botanical dating of recent glacial activity in western North America. In Arctic and alpine environments. Edited by H.E. Wright and W.H. Osborn. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Ind., pp. 189-204.
54. Wiles, G.C., and Calkin, P.E. 1990. Neoglaciation in the southern Kenai Mountains, Alaska. Annals of Glaciology, 12: 319-322.
55. 14C chronology from McCarty fjord, Alaska. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 23: 150.
56. Wiles, G.C., and Calkin, P.E. 1993. Neoglacial fluctuations and sedimentation of and iceberg-calving glacier resolved with tree rings (Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska). Quaternary International, 18: 35-42.
57. Wiles, G.C., and Calkin, P.E. 1994. Late Holocene, high resolution glacial chronologies and climate, Kenai Mountains, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106: 281-303.
58. Walters, R.A., and Meier, M.F. 1989. Variability of glacier mass balances in western North America. Geophysical Monography, 5: 365-374.
59. Wiles, G.C., Calkin, P.E., and Post, A. 1995. Glacier fluctuations in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska, U.S.A.: an evaluation of controls on iceberg-calving glaciers. Arctic and Alpine Research, 27: 234-245.
60. Wiles, G.C., Barclay, D.J., and Calkin, P.E. 1999. Tree-ring-dated 'Little Ice Age' histories of maritime glaciers from western Prince William Sound, Alaska. The Holocene, 9: 163-173.
61. Wiles, G.C., Jacoby, G.C., Davi, N.K., and Mcallister, R.P. 2002. Late Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114: 896-908.
62. Yager, E.M., Barclay, D.J., Calkin, P.E., and Wiles, G.C. 1998. Tree-ring based history of Sheridan Glacier, southern Alaska. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 30: 80.