Climate variations and changes in mass of three glaciers in western North America

Journal of Climate

Volumn 11, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 2161-2179

  Hodge, Steven M ^a,b   Trabant, Dennis C ^a   Krimmel, Robert M ^a   Heinrichs, Thomas A ^a   March, Rod S ^a   Josberger, Edward G ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PUGET SOUND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE SIGNAL; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GLACIER MASS BALANCE; TREND ANALYSIS;

ALASKA; NORTH AMERICA; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032454209     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2161:CVACIM>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Alley, R. B., and Coauthors, 1993: Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas event. Nature, 362, 527-529.
2. Arkin, P. A., W. Y. Chen, and E. M. Rasmusson, 1981: Fluctuations in mid and upper tropospheric flow associated with the Southern Oscillation. Proc. Fifth Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Seattle, WA, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, 180-189.
3. Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
4. Bowling, S. A., 1979: Alaska's weather and climate. Alaska's Weather and Climate, G. Weller, Ed., University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute, UAG R-269, 1-25.
5. Brazel, A. J., F. B. Chambers, and L. S. Kalkstein, 1992: Summer energy balance on West Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, and linkages to a temporal synoptic index. Z. Geomorph., 86 (Suppl.), 15-34.
6. Byrkit, D. R., 1987: Statistics Today: A Comprehensive Introduction. Benjamin/Cummings, 939 pp.
7. Cayan, D. R., 1996: Interannual climate variability and snowpack in the western United States. J. Climate, 9, 928-948.
8. _, and D. H. Peterson, 1989: The influence of North Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the West. Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Geophys. Monogr., No. 55, Amer. Geophys. Union, 375-397.
9. _, L. G. Riddle, D. C. Garen, and E. Aguado, 1991: Winter climate variability and snowpack in the West. Proc. Eighth Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, Pacific Grove, CA, California Department of Water Resources, Interagency Ecological Studies Program, 125-134.
10. Deser, C., and M. L. Blackmon, 1995: On the relationship between tropical and North Pacific sea surface temperature variations. J. Climate, 8, 1677-1680.
11. Dracup, J. A., J. P. Sample, and P. M. Wells, 1994: Climate induced change in the standard deviate of snow depth and water equivalent. Proc. 62d Western Snow Conf., Sante Fe, NM, Western Snow Conference, 9-16.
12. Ebbesmeyer, C. C., D. R. Cayan, D. R. McLain, F. H. Nichols, D. H. Peterson, and K. T. Redmond, 1991: 1976 step in the Pacific climate: Forty environmental changes between 1968-1975 and 1977-1984. Proc. Seventh Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, Pacific Grove, CA, California Department of Water Resources, Interagency Ecological Studies Program, 129-141.
13. Fahl, C. B, 1973: Some relationships between glaciers and climate in Alaska. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 191 pp. [Available from University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346.]
14. Hodge, S. M., R. K. Krimmel, and E. G. Josberger, 1996: Changes in mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, North Cascades, from 1959 to 1994. Proc. 13th Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, Pacific Grove, CA, California Department of Water Resources, Interagency Ecological Studies Program, 167-178.
15. Horel, J. D., and J. M. Wallace, 1981: Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 813-829.
16. Hurrell, J. W., 1995: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation. Science, 269, 676-679.
17. Iwasaka, N., K. Hanawa, and Y. Toba, 1987: Analysis of SST anomalies in the North Pacific and their relation to 500 mb height anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere during 1969-1979. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 65, 103-114.
18. Johannessen, O. M., M. Miles, and E. Bjorgo, 1995: The Arctic's shrinking sea ice. Nature, 376, 126-127.
19. Kawamura, R., M. Sugi, T. Kayahara, and N. Sato, 1997: Recent abnormal changes in wintertime atmospheric response to tropical SST forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 783-786.
20. Krimmel, R. M., 1993: Mass balance, meteorological, and runoff measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1992 balance year. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Rep. 93-640, 38 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
21. _, 1994: Runoff, precipitation, mass balance, and ice velocity at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1993 balance year. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Rep. 94-4139, 35 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
22. _, 1995: Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1994 balance year. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Rep. 95-4162, 41 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
23. _, 1996: Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1995 balance year. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Rep. 96-4174, 37 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
24. _, W. V. Tangborn, W. G. Sikonia, and M. F. Meier, 1980: Ice and water balances, South Cascade Glacier, 1957-1977. Rep. on Int. Symp. on the Computation and Prediction of Runoff from Glaciers and Glacial Areas, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Section of Glaciology of the Soviet Geophysical Committee and Institute of Geography, Publ. 38, 296 pp. [Available from World Data Center A for Glaciology, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1540 30th St., Campus Box 449, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.]
25. Letréguilly, A., 1984: Bilans de masse des glaciers alpins: Methodes de mesure et repartition spatio-temporelle. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Laboratorie de Glaciologie et Geophysique de L'Environnement Publ. 439, 274 pp. [Available from World Data Center A for Glaciology, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1540 30th St., Campus Box 449, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.]
26. _, 1988: Relation between the mass balance of western Canadian mountain glaciers and meteorological data. J. Glaciol., 34, 11-18.
27. _, and L. Reynaud, 1989: Spatial patterns of mass-balance fluctuations of North American glaciers. J. Glaciol., 35, 163-168.
28. Mantua, N. J., S. R. Hare, Y. Zhang, J. M. Wallace, and R. C. Francis, 1997: A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1-11.
29. March, R. S., and D. C. Trabant, 1996: Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1992 balance year. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Rep. 95-4277, 32 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
30. Mayo, L. R., and D. C. Trabant, 1984: Observed and predicted effects of climate change on Wolverine Glacier, southern Alaska. Misc. Publ. 83-1, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 208 pp. [Available from Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200.]
31. _, and _, 1986: Recent growth of Gulkana Glacier, Alaska Range, and its relation to glacier-fed river runoff. Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences 1986, S. Subitzky, Ed., U.S. Geological Survey, 91-99.
32. _, M. F. Meier, and W. V. Tangborn, 1972: A system to combine stratigraphie and annual mass-balance systems - A contribution to the International Hydrological Decade. J. Glaciol., 11, 3-14.
33. _, R. S. March, and D. C. Trabant, 1985: Growth of Wolverine Glacier, Alaska, determined from surface altitude measurements, 1974 and 1985. University of Alaska Institute of Water Resources Rep. IWR-108, 204 pp. [Available from Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5860.]
34. McCabe, G. J., and A. G. Fountain, 1995: Relations between atmospheric circulation and mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A. Arct. Alp. Res., 27, 226-233.
35. Meier, M. F., 1962: Proposed definitions for glacier mass budget terms. J. Glaciol., 4, 252-261.
36. _, and W. V. Tangborn, 1965: Net budget and flow of South Cascade Glacier, Washington. J. Glaciol., 5, 547-566.
37. _, _, L. R. Mayo, and A. Post, 1971: Combined ice and water balances of Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska and south Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1965 and 1966 hydrologic years. U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 715-A, 23 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
38. _, L. R. Mayo, D. Trabant, and R. K. Krimmel, 1980: Comparison of mass balance and runoff at four glaciers in the United States, 1966 to 1977. Rep. on Int. Symp. on the Computation and Prediction of Runoff from Glaciers and Glacial Areas, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Section of Glaciology of the Soviet Geophysical Committee and Institute of Geography, Publ. 38, 296 pp. [Available from World Data Center A for Glaciology, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1540 30th St., Campus Box 449, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.]
39. Minobe, S., 1997: A 50-70 year climate oscillation over the North Pacific and North America. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 683-686.
40. Namias, J., 1978: Multiple causes of the North American abnormal winter 1976-77. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 279-295.
41. _, 1985: New evidence for relationships between North Pacific atmospheric circulation and El Niño. Trop. Ocean-Atmos. Newsl., (March), 2-3.
42. Østrem, G., and M. Brugman, 1991: Glacier mass-balance measurements - A manual for field and office work. Science Rep. 4, Environment Canada, National Hydrology Research Institute, and Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Administration, 224 pp. [Available from National Hydrology Research Institute, Inland Waters Directorate, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.]
43. Paterson, W. S. B, 1994: The Physics of Glaciers. 3d ed. Elsevier, 480 pp.
44. Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, 1992: Numerical Recipes in Fortran. Cambridge University Press, 963 pp.
45. Redmond, K. T., and R. W. Koch, 1991: Surface climate and streamflow variability in the Western United States and their relationship to large-scale circulation indexes. Water Resour. Res., 27, 2381-2399.
46. Tangborn, W. V., R. M. Krimmel, and M. F. Meier, 1975: A comparison of glacier mass balance by glaciologic, hydrologic, and mapping methods, South Cascade Glacier, Washington. Int. Association of Hydrological Sciences Publ. 104, 394 pp. [Available from American Geophysical Union, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006.]
47. _, L. R. Mayo, D. R. Scully, and R. M. Krimmel, 1977: Combined ice and water balances of Maclure Glacier, California, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers, Alaska, 1967 hydrologic year. U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 715-B, 20 pp. [Available from U.S. Geological Survey, Branch Information Services, Box 25386, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.]
48. Ting, M., M. P. Hoerling, T. Xu, and A. Kumar, 1996: Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns during extreme phases of the zonal-mean circulation. J. Climate, 9, 2614-2632.
49. Trenberth, K. E., 1990: Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 988-993.
50. _, and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
51. _, and T. J. Hoar, 1996: The 1990-1995 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 57-60.
52. Walker, G. T, and E. W. Bliss, 1932: World Weather V. Mem. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 4, 53-84.
53. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, D. S., 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
54. _, C. Smith, and Q. Jiang, 1990: Spatial patterns of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the northern winter. J. Climate, 3, 990-998.
55. Walsh, J. E., W. L. Chapman, and T. L. Shy, 1996: Recent decrease of sea level pressure in the central Arctic. J. Climate, 9, 480-486.
56. Walters, R. A., and M. F. Meier, 1989: Variability of glacier mass balances in Western North America. Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Geophys. Monogr., No. 55, Amer. Geophys. Union, 365-374.
57. Yarnal, B., 1984: Relationships between synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and glacier mass balance in south-western Canada during the International Hydrological Decade, 1963-74. J. Glaciol., 30, 188-198.
58. _, and H. F. Diaz, 1986: Relationships between extremes of the Southern Oscillations and the winter climate of the Anglo-American Pacific coast. J. Climatol., 6, 197-219.