메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 160, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 1184-1193

Cumulative lead exposure and prospective change in cognition among elderly men: The VA normative aging study

Author keywords

Bone and bones; Lead; Neuropsychological tests; Prospective studies

Indexed keywords

BIOCHEMICAL MARKER; LEAD;

EID: 10344245544     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh333     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (141)

References (67)
  • 2
    • 0031695197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset
    • Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C. Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. Am J Public Health 1998;88:1337-42.
    • (1998) Am J Public Health , vol.88 , pp. 1337-1342
    • Brookmeyer, R.1    Gray, S.2    Kawas, C.3
  • 3
    • 0033784144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden in caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults living in the community: Methodological issues and determinants
    • Bedard M, Pedlar D, Martin NJ, et al. Burden in caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults living in the community: methodological issues and determinants. Int Psychogeriatr 2000;12:307-32.
    • (2000) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.12 , pp. 307-332
    • Bedard, M.1    Pedlar, D.2    Martin, N.J.3
  • 4
    • 0034174367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment and mortality in the community-dwelling elderly
    • Bassuk SS, Wypij D, Berkman LF. Cognitive impairment and mortality in the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:676-88.
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.151 , pp. 676-688
    • Bassuk, S.S.1    Wypij, D.2    Berkman, L.F.3
  • 5
    • 18144444123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with functional decline and improvement in a very elderly community-dwelling population
    • Hebert R, Brayne C, Spiegelhalter D. Factors associated with functional decline and improvement in a very elderly community-dwelling population. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:501-10.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.150 , pp. 501-510
    • Hebert, R.1    Brayne, C.2    Spiegelhalter, D.3
  • 8
    • 0037066136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Prediction of AD
    • Tabert MH, Albert SM, Borukhova-Milov L, et al. Functional deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment: prediction of AD. Neurology 2002;58:758-64.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 758-764
    • Tabert, M.H.1    Albert, S.M.2    Borukhova-Milov, L.3
  • 10
    • 0030961368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low level lead exposure on cognitive function in children: A review of behavioral, neuropsychological and biological evidence
    • Banks EC, Ferretti LE, Shucard DW. Effects of low level lead exposure on cognitive function in children: a review of behavioral, neuropsychological and biological evidence. Neurotoxicology 1997;18:237-81.
    • (1997) Neurotoxicology , vol.18 , pp. 237-281
    • Banks, E.C.1    Ferretti, L.E.2    Shucard, D.W.3
  • 11
    • 0037451905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter
    • Canfield RL, Henderson CR Jr, Cory-Slechta DA, et al. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1517-26. 2
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Canfield, R.L.1    Henderson Jr., C.R.2    Cory-Slechta, D.A.3
  • 12
    • 84943668444 scopus 로고
    • Low-level lead exposure and the IQ of children. A meta-analysis of modern studies
    • Needleman HL, Gatsonis CA. Low-level lead exposure and the IQ of children. A meta-analysis of modern studies. JAMA 1990;263:673-8.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 673-678
    • Needleman, H.L.1    Gatsonis, C.A.2
  • 13
    • 0028214958 scopus 로고
    • Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: A meta-analysis and search for a threshold
    • Schwartz J. Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: a meta-analysis and search for a threshold. Environ Res 1994;65:42-55. .
    • (1994) Environ Res , vol.65 , pp. 42-55
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 14
    • 0028843254 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative exposure to inorganic lead and neurobehavioural test performance in adults: An epidemiological review
    • Balbus-Kornfeld JM, Stewart W, Bolla KI, et al. Cumulative exposure to inorganic lead and neurobehavioural test performance in adults: an epidemiological review. Occup Environ Med 1995;52:2-12.
    • (1995) Occup Environ Med , vol.52 , pp. 2-12
    • Balbus-Kornfeld, J.M.1    Stewart, W.2    Bolla, K.I.3
  • 15
    • 0030891862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential contribution of current and cumulative indices of lead dose to neuropsychological performance by age
    • Bleecker ML, Lindgren KN, Ford DP. Differential contribution of current and cumulative indices of lead dose to neuropsychological performance by age. Neurology 1997;48:639-45.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 639-645
    • Bleecker, M.L.1    Lindgren, K.N.2    Ford, D.P.3
  • 16
    • 0141529984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive effects of chronic exposure to lead and solvents
    • Fiedler N, Weisel C, Lynch R, et al. Cognitive effects of chronic exposure to lead and solvents. Am J Ind Med 2003;44: 413-23.
    • (2003) Am J Ind Med , vol.44 , pp. 413-423
    • Fiedler, N.1    Weisel, C.2    Lynch, R.3
  • 17
    • 0034014776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different associations of blood lead, meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-chelatable lead, and tibial lead levels with blood pressure in 543 former organolead manufacturing workers
    • Schwartz BS, Stewart WF. Different associations of blood lead, meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-chelatable lead, and tibial lead levels with blood pressure in 543 former organolead manufacturing workers. Arch Environ Health 2000;55: 85-92.
    • (2000) Arch Environ Health , vol.55 , pp. 85-92
    • Schwartz, B.S.1    Stewart, W.F.2
  • 18
    • 0033549098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral function and tibial and chelatable lead levels in 543 former organolead workers
    • Stewart WF, Schwartz BS, Simon D, et al. Neurobehavioral function and tibial and chelatable lead levels in 543 former organolead workers. Neurology 1999;52:1610-17.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 1610-1617
    • Stewart, W.F.1    Schwartz, B.S.2    Simon, D.3
  • 19
    • 0029918092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of blood lead levels on cognitive function of older women
    • Muldoon SB, Cauley JA, Kuller LH, et al. Effects of blood lead levels on cognitive function of older women. Neuroepidemiology 1996;15:62-72.
    • (1996) Neuroepidemiology , vol.15 , pp. 62-72
    • Muldoon, S.B.1    Cauley, J.A.2    Kuller, L.H.3
  • 20
    • 0031891639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations of bone and blood lead to cognitive function: The VA Normative Aging Study
    • Payton M, Riggs KM, Spiro A 3rd, et al. Relations of bone and blood lead to cognitive function: the VA Normative Aging Study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1998;20:19-27.
    • (1998) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.20 , pp. 19-27
    • Payton, M.1    Riggs, K.M.2    Spiro III, A.3
  • 21
    • 1542787622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead exposure biomarkers and mini-mental status exam scores in older men
    • Wright RO, Tsaih SW, Schwartz J, et al. Lead exposure biomarkers and mini-mental status exam scores in older men. Epidemiology 2003;14:713-18.
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 713-718
    • Wright, R.O.1    Tsaih, S.W.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 22
    • 0033891770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead concentrations in elderly urban people related to blood pressure and mental performance: Results from a population-based study
    • Nordberg M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L, et al. Lead concentrations in elderly urban people related to blood pressure and mental performance: results from a population-based study. Am J Ind Med 2000;38:290-4.
    • (2000) Am J Ind Med , vol.38 , pp. 290-294
    • Nordberg, M.1    Winblad, B.2    Fratiglioni, L.3
  • 23
    • 0034711152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past adult lead exposure is associated with longitudinal decline in cognitive function
    • Schwartz BS, Stewart WF, Bolla KI, et al. Past adult lead exposure is associated with longitudinal decline in cognitive function. Neurology 2000;55:1144-50.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1144-1150
    • Schwartz, B.S.1    Stewart, W.F.2    Bolla, K.I.3
  • 24
    • 0013994140 scopus 로고
    • The Veterans Administration longitudinal study of healthy aging
    • Bell B, Rose CL, Damon A. The Veterans Administration longitudinal study of healthy aging. Gerontologist 1966;6:179-84.
    • (1966) Gerontologist , vol.6 , pp. 179-184
    • Bell, B.1    Rose, C.L.2    Damon, A.3
  • 25
    • 0029823225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of bone and blood lead levels among community-exposed middle-aged to elderly men. The Normative Aging Study
    • Hu H, Payton M, Korrick S, et al. Determinants of bone and blood lead levels among community-exposed middle-aged to elderly men. The Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:749-59.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , pp. 749-759
    • Hu, H.1    Payton, M.2    Korrick, S.3
  • 26
    • 0032526114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of nutrition to bone lead and blood lead levels in middle-aged to elderly men. The Normative Aging Study
    • Cheng Y, Willett WC, Schwartz J, et al. Relation of nutrition to bone lead and blood lead levels in middle-aged to elderly men. The Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:1162-74.
    • (1998) Am J Epidemiol , vol.147 , pp. 1162-1174
    • Cheng, Y.1    Willett, W.C.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 27
    • 0031469815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and secular trends in bone lead levels in middle-aged and elderly men: Three-year longitudinal follow-up in the Normative Aging Study
    • Kim, R, Landrigan C, Mossmann P, et al. Age and secular trends in bone lead levels in middle-aged and elderly men: three-year longitudinal follow-up in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:586-91.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.146 , pp. 586-591
    • Kim, R.1    Landrigan, C.2    Mossmann, P.3
  • 28
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-98.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 29
    • 0034642226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population norms for the MMSE in the very old: Estimates based on longitudinal data. Mini-Mental State Examination
    • Dufouil C, Clayton D, Brayne C, et al. Population norms for the MMSE in the very old: estimates based on longitudinal data. Mini-Mental State Examination. Neurology 2000;55:1609-13.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1609-1613
    • Dufouil, C.1    Clayton, D.2    Brayne, C.3
  • 30
    • 0026646174 scopus 로고
    • The Mini-Mental State Examination: A comprehensive review
    • Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The Mini-Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:922-35.
    • (1992) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.40 , pp. 922-935
    • Tombaugh, T.N.1    McIntyre, N.J.2
  • 31
    • 0031888609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone lead as a biological marker in epidemiologic studies of chronic toxicity: Conceptual paradigms
    • Hu H, Rabinowitz M, Smith D. Bone lead as a biological marker in epidemiologic studies of chronic toxicity: conceptual paradigms. Environ Health Perspect 1998;106:1-8.
    • (1998) Environ Health Perspect , vol.106 , pp. 1-8
    • Hu, H.1    Rabinowitz, M.2    Smith, D.3
  • 32
    • 0025696434 scopus 로고
    • X-ray fluorescence measurements of lead burden in subjects with low-level community lead exposure
    • Hu H, Milder FL, Burger DE. X-ray fluorescence measurements of lead burden in subjects with low-level community lead exposure. Arch Environ Health 1990;45:335-41.
    • (1990) Arch Environ Health , vol.45 , pp. 335-341
    • Hu, H.1    Milder, F.L.2    Burger, D.E.3
  • 34
    • 0020750980 scopus 로고
    • Percentage points for a generalized ESD many-outlier procedure
    • Rosner B. Percentage points for a generalized ESD many-outlier procedure. Technometrics 1983;25:165-72.
    • (1983) Technometrics , vol.25 , pp. 165-172
    • Rosner, B.1
  • 35
    • 0032477331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women
    • Rexrode KM, Carey VJ, Hennekens CH, et al. Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 1998;280: 1843-8.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1843-1848
    • Rexrode, K.M.1    Carey, V.J.2    Hennekens, C.H.3
  • 36
    • 0034819462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: A meta-analysis
    • Whitsel EA, Boyko EJ, Matsumoto AM, et al. Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2001;111:261-9.
    • (2001) Am J Med , vol.111 , pp. 261-269
    • Whitsel, E.A.1    Boyko, E.J.2    Matsumoto, A.M.3
  • 37
    • 0030989520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat distribution and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. The Nurses' Health Study
    • Carey VJ, Walters EE, Colditz GA, et al. Body fat distribution and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. The Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:614-19.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.145 , pp. 614-619
    • Carey, V.J.1    Walters, E.E.2    Colditz, G.A.3
  • 38
    • 0029920903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of bone and blood lead to hypertension. The Normative Aging Study
    • Hu H, Aro A, Payton M, et al. The relationship of bone and blood lead to hypertension. The Normative Aging Study. JAMA 1996;275:1171-6.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1171-1176
    • Hu, H.1    Aro, A.2    Payton, M.3
  • 39
    • 0016355478 scopus 로고
    • A new look at the statistical model identification
    • Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Automatic Control 1974;19:716-23.
    • (1974) IEEE Trans Automatic Control , vol.19 , pp. 716-723
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 40
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc
    • SAS Institute, Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc, 1999.
    • (1999) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 8
  • 41
    • 0030963683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test performance
    • Chia SE, Chia HP, Ong CN, et al. Cumulative blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test performance. Neurotoxicology 1997; 18:793-803.
    • (1997) Neurotoxicology , vol.18 , pp. 793-803
    • Chia, S.E.1    Chia, H.P.2    Ong, C.N.3
  • 42
    • 0031922554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to lead and neuropsychological dysfunction
    • Hanninen H, Aitio A, Kovala T, et al. Occupational exposure to lead and neuropsychological dysfunction. Occup Environ Med 1998;55:202-9.
    • (1998) Occup Environ Med , vol.55 , pp. 202-209
    • Hanninen, H.1    Aitio, A.2    Kovala, T.3
  • 43
    • 0029900536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of cumulative exposure to inorganic lead and neuropsychological test performance
    • Lindgren KN, Masten VL, Ford DP, et al. Relation of cumulative exposure to inorganic lead and neuropsychological test performance. Occup Environ Med 1996;53:472-7.
    • (1996) Occup Environ Med , vol.53 , pp. 472-477
    • Lindgren, K.N.1    Masten, V.L.2    Ford, D.P.3
  • 44
    • 0033646890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of neurobehavioral performance as a function of current and cumulative occupational lead exposure
    • Lucchini R, Albini E, Cortesi I, et al. Assessment of neurobehavioral performance as a function of current and cumulative occupational lead exposure. Neurotoxicology 2000;21:805-11.
    • (2000) Neurotoxicology , vol.21 , pp. 805-811
    • Lucchini, R.1    Albini, E.2    Cortesi, I.3
  • 45
    • 0035283430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of blood lead, dimercaptosuccinic acid-chelatable lead, and tibia lead with neurobehavioral test scores in South Korean lead workers
    • Schwartz BS, Lee BK, Lee GS, et al. Associations of blood lead, dimercaptosuccinic acid-chelatable lead, and tibia lead with neurobehavioral test scores in South Korean lead workers. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:453-64.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.153 , pp. 453-464
    • Schwartz, B.S.1    Lee, B.K.2    Lee, G.S.3
  • 46
    • 0021792363 scopus 로고
    • Occupational lead neurotoxicity: Improvement in behavioural effects after reduction of exposure
    • Baker EL, White RF, Pothier LJ, et al. Occupational lead neurotoxicity: improvement in behavioural effects after reduction of exposure. Br J Ind Med 1985;42:507-16.
    • (1985) Br J Ind Med , vol.42 , pp. 507-516
    • Baker, E.L.1    White, R.F.2    Pothier, L.J.3
  • 47
    • 0023727793 scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of psychological performance in subclinical lead absorption
    • Yokoyama K, Araki S, Aono H. Reversibility of psychological performance in subclinical lead absorption. Neurotoxicology 1988;9:405-10.
    • (1988) Neurotoxicology , vol.9 , pp. 405-410
    • Yokoyama, K.1    Araki, S.2    Aono, H.3
  • 48
    • 0021269950 scopus 로고
    • A prospective follow-up study on psychological effects in workers exposed to low levels of lead
    • Mantere P, Hanninen H, Hernberg S, et al. A prospective follow-up study on psychological effects in workers exposed to low levels of lead. Scand J Work Environ Health 1984;10:43-50.
    • (1984) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.10 , pp. 43-50
    • Mantere, P.1    Hanninen, H.2    Hernberg, S.3
  • 49
    • 0025946752 scopus 로고
    • Short term prospective study of cognitive functioning in lead workers
    • Stollery BT, Broadbent DE, Banks HA, et al. Short term prospective study of cognitive functioning in lead workers. Br J Ind Med 1991;48:739-49.
    • (1991) Br J Ind Med , vol.48 , pp. 739-749
    • Stollery, B.T.1    Broadbent, D.E.2    Banks, H.A.3
  • 50
    • 0033599801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanomolar concentrations of lead inhibit glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in hippocampal neurons
    • Braga MF, Pereira EF, Albuquerque EX. Nanomolar concentrations of lead inhibit glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 1999;826:22-34.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.826 , pp. 22-34
    • Braga, M.F.1    Pereira, E.F.2    Albuquerque, E.X.3
  • 51
    • 0017183838 scopus 로고
    • Lead competitively inhibits calcium-dependent synaptic transmission in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion
    • Kober TE, Cooper GP. Lead competitively inhibits calcium-dependent synaptic transmission in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion. Nature 1976;262:704-5.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.262 , pp. 704-705
    • Kober, T.E.1    Cooper, G.P.2
  • 52
    • 0034471862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity
    • Lasley SM, Gilbert ME. Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neurotoxicology 2000;21:1057-68.
    • (2000) Neurotoxicology , vol.21 , pp. 1057-1068
    • Lasley, S.M.1    Gilbert, M.E.2
  • 53
    • 0022588165 scopus 로고
    • Effect of in vitro inorganic lead on dopamine release from superfused rat striatal synaptosomes
    • Minnema DJ, Greenland RD, Michaelson IA. Effect of in vitro inorganic lead on dopamine release from superfused rat striatal synaptosomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986;84:400-11.
    • (1986) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.84 , pp. 400-411
    • Minnema, D.J.1    Greenland, R.D.2    Michaelson, I.A.3
  • 54
    • 0015962478 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a junctional effect of lead on neuromuscular function
    • Silbergeld EK, Fales JT, Goldberg AM. Evidence for a junctional effect of lead on neuromuscular function. Nature 1974; 247:49-50.
    • (1974) Nature , vol.247 , pp. 49-50
    • Silbergeld, E.K.1    Fales, J.T.2    Goldberg, A.M.3
  • 55
    • 0020523123 scopus 로고
    • Lead activates calmodulin sensitive processes
    • Goldstein GW, Ar D. Lead activates calmodulin sensitive processes. Life Sci 1983;33:1001-6.
    • (1983) Life Sci , vol.33 , pp. 1001-1006
    • Goldstein, G.W.1    Ar, D.2
  • 56
    • 0027508421 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that lead acts as a calcium substitute in second messenger metabolism
    • Goldstein GW. Evidence that lead acts as a calcium substitute in second messenger metabolism. Neurotoxicology 1993;14: 97-101.
    • (1993) Neurotoxicology , vol.14 , pp. 97-101
    • Goldstein, G.W.1
  • 57
    • 0030194684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
    • Salthouse TA. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol Rev 1996;103:403-28.
    • (1996) Psychol Rev , vol.103 , pp. 403-428
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 58
    • 0032587921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ promotes lipid oxidation and alterations in membrane physical properties
    • 2+ promotes lipid oxidation and alterations in membrane physical properties. Toxicology 1999; 132:19-32.
    • (1999) Toxicology , vol.132 , pp. 19-32
    • Adonaylo, V.N.1    Oteiza, P.I.2
  • 59
    • 0030694196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo lipid peroxidation responses of tissues in lead-treated Swiss mice
    • Acharya S, Acharya UR. In vivo lipid peroxidation responses of tissues in lead-treated Swiss mice. Ind Health 1997;35: 542-4.
    • (1997) Ind Health , vol.35 , pp. 542-544
    • Acharya, S.1    Acharya, U.R.2
  • 60
    • 0029996841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo indices of oxidative stress in lead-exposed C57BL/6 mice are reduced by treatment with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid or N-acetylcysteine
    • Ercal N, Treeratphan P, Hammond TC, et al. In vivo indices of oxidative stress in lead-exposed C57BL/6 mice are reduced by treatment with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid or N-acetylcysteine. Free Radic Biol Med 1996;21:157-61.
    • (1996) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.21 , pp. 157-161
    • Ercal, N.1    Treeratphan, P.2    Hammond, T.C.3
  • 61
    • 0035195760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment
    • Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, et al. Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1985-92.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 1985-1992
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Doody, R.2    Kurz, A.3
  • 62
    • 1842532401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in the mini-mental state exam in Alzheimer's disease over 2 years: The experience of a dementia clinic
    • McCarten JR, Rottunda SJ, Kuskowski MA. Change in the mini-mental state exam in Alzheimer's disease over 2 years: the experience of a dementia clinic. J Alzheimers Dis 2004;6:11-15.
    • (2004) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.6 , pp. 11-15
    • McCarten, J.R.1    Rottunda, S.J.2    Kuskowski, M.A.3
  • 63
    • 1342309301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive status and incident disability in older Mexican Americans: Findings from the Hispanic established population for the epidemiological study of the elderly
    • Raji MA, Al Snih S, Ray LA, et al. Cognitive status and incident disability in older Mexican Americans: findings from the Hispanic established population for the epidemiological study of the elderly. Ethn Dis 2004;14:26-31.
    • (2004) Ethn Dis , vol.14 , pp. 26-31
    • Raji, M.A.1    Al Snih, S.2    Ray, L.A.3
  • 64
    • 2442718681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between quality of life, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the instrumental activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Wlodarczyk JH, Brodaty H, Hawthorne G. The relationship between quality of life, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the instrumental activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2004;39:25-33.
    • (2004) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.39 , pp. 25-33
    • Wlodarczyk, J.H.1    Brodaty, H.2    Hawthorne, G.3
  • 65
    • 0033983882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression to the mean
    • Fitzmaurice G. Regression to the mean. Nutrition 2000;16: 80-1.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 80-81
    • Fitzmaurice, G.1
  • 66
    • 0035008090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conundrum in the analysis of change
    • Fitzmaurice G. A conundrum in the analysis of change. Nutrition 2001;17:360-1.
    • (2001) Nutrition , vol.17 , pp. 360-361
    • Fitzmaurice, G.1
  • 67
    • 0032583151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of measurement error in response variables and tests of association of explanatory variables in change models
    • Yanez ND 3rd, Kronmal RA, Shemanski LR. The effects of measurement error in response variables and tests of association of explanatory variables in change models. Stat Med 1998; 17:2597-606.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , pp. 2597-2606
    • Yanez III, N.D.1    Kronmal, R.A.2    Shemanski, L.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.