Alterations in regional brain neurotransmitters by silymarin, a natural antioxidant flavonoid mixture, in BALB/c mice

Pharmaceutical Biology

Volumn 42, Issue 4-5, 2004, Pages 384-389

  Osuchowski, Marcin F ^a,b   Johnson, Victor J ^a   He, Quanren ^a   Sharma, Raghubir P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARMIA AND MAZURY IN OLSZTYN   (Poland)

Author keywords

Brain biogenic amines; Dopamine; Flavonoids; Mouse; Neurotransmitters; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Silybum marianum; Silymarin

Indexed keywords

3,4 DIHYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID; 5 HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT; DOPAMINE; FLAVONOID; HOMOVANILLIC ACID; NORADRENALIN; SEROTONIN; SILYMARIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BRAIN; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALE; MOUSE; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM;

ANIMALIA; SILYBUM MARIANUM;

EID: 10344229451     PISSN: 13880209     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13880200490519712     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Ban TA (2001): Pharmacotherapy of depression: a historical analysis. J Neural Transm 108: 707-716.
2. Bickford P (1993): Motor learning deficits in aged rats are correlated with loss of cerebellar noradrenergic function. Brain Res 620: 133-138.
3. Calapai G, Crupi A, Firenzuoli F, Costantino G, Inferrera G, Campo GM, Caputi AP (1999): Effects of Hypericum perforatum on levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and dopamine in the cortex, diencephalons and brainstem of the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 51: 723-728.
4. Campodonico A, Collado E, Ricci R, Pappa H, Segall A, Pizzorno MT (2001): Dissolution test for silymarin tablets and capsules. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 27: 261-265.
5. Chaouloff F (2000): Serotonin, stress and corticoids. J Psychopharmacol 14: 139-151.
6. 3H]DOPA in various regions of the brain. J Neurochem 13: 655-669.
7. 1 and c-myc in liver with marginal effects on other genes. Planta Med 68: 961-965.
8. Jacobs BP, Dennehy C, Ramirez G, Sapp J, Lawrence VA (2002): Milk thistle for the treatment of liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 113: 506-515.
9. Jiang C, Agarwal R, Lu J (2000): Anti-angiogenic potential of a cancer chemopreventive flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin: Inhibition of key attributes of vascular endothelial cells and angiogenic cytokine secretion by cancer epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 276: 371-378.
10. Johnson VJ, Osuchowski MF, He Q, Sharma RP (2002): Physiological responses of a natural antioxidant flavonoid, silymarin, in BALB/c mice: II. Alterations in thymic differentiation correlate with changes in c-myc gene expression. Planta Med 68: 676-679.
11. Lee JJ, Chang CK, Liu IM, Chi TC, Yu HJ, Cheng JT (2001): Changes in endogenous monoamines in aged rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 28: 285-289.
12. Letteron P, Labbe G, Degott C, Berson A, Fromenty B, Delaforge M, Larrey D, Pessayre D (1990): Mechanism for the protective effects of silymarin against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity in mice. Evidence that silymarin acts both as an inhibitor of metabolic activation and as a chain-breaking antioxidant. Biochem Pharmacol 39: 2027-2034.
13. Mathangi DC, Nmamsivayam A (2001): Effect of chronic protein restriction on motor co-ordination and brain neurotransmitters in albino rats. Food Chem Toxicol 39: 1039-1043.
14. Mayer GS, Shoup RE (1983): Simultaneous multiple electrode liquid chromatographic-electrochemical assay for catecholamines, indoleamines and metabolites in brain tissues. J Chromatogr 255: 533-544.
15. Mazzio EA, Harris N, Soliman KFA (1998): Food constituents attenuate monoamine oxidase activity and peroxide levels in C6 astrocyte cells. Planta Med 64: 603-606.
16. Middleton E Jr, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC (2000): The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 52: 673-751.
17. Neary JT, Bu Y (1999): Hypericum LI 160 inhibits uptake of serotonin in astrocytes. Brain Res 816: 358-363.
18. Schugens MM, Breitenstein C, Ackermann H, Daum I (1998): Role of the striatum and the cerebellum in motor skill acquisition. Behav Neural 11: 149-157.
19. Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) monograph (1999): Altern Med Rev 4: 272-276.
20. Sun X, Deng J, Liu T, Borjigin J (2002): Circadian 5-HT production regulated by adrenergic signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 4686-4691.
21. Tsunoda M, Johnson VJ, Sharma RP (2000): Increase in dopamine metabolites in murine striatum after oral exposure to inorganic but not organic form of selenium. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39: 32-37.
22. Watson M, McElligott JG (1984): Cerebellar norepinephrine depletion and impaired acquisition of specific locomotor tasks in rats. Brain Res 296: 129-138.