Erythromelia, or Mitchell's syndrome - New names for unexplained signs of inflammation in distal symmetrical neuropathy in diabetes

Diabetic Medicine

Volumn 21, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 1334-1338

  Jeffcoate, William J ^a   Idris, I ^a   Game, F L ^a  

^a NOTTINGHAM CITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bisphosphonates; Charcot foot; Complex regional pain syndrome; CRPS 1; Erythromelalgia; Foot ulcer; Neuropathy; Osteoprotegerin; RANK L; Reflex sympathetic dystrophy; RSD; Vascular calcification; Vasomotor neuropathy

Indexed keywords

BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; OSTEOPROTEGERIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CALCIFICATION; CASE REPORT; COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME TYPE I; DIABETES MELLITUS; ERYTHROMELALGIA; ERYTHROMELIA; FOOT ULCER; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; MALE; MITCHELL SYNDROME; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHY; PATHOGENESIS; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; VASOMOTOR REFLEX;

ADULT; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LEG; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; TERMINOLOGY; VASODILATION;

EID: 10244238923     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01346.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Nabuurs-Franssen MH, Houben AJHM, Tooke JE, Schaper NC. The effect of polyneuropathy on foot microcirculation in Type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 1164-1171.
2. Edmonds ME, Clarke MB, Newton S, Barrett J, Watkins PJ. Increased uptake of bone radiopharmaceutical in diabetic neuropathy. Quart J Med 1985; 57: 843-855.
3. Rajbhandari SM, Jenkins RC, Davies C, Tesfaye S. Charcot neuroarthopathy in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 1085-1096.
4. Jeffcoate W, Lima J, Nobrega L. The Charcot foot. Diabet Med 2000; 17: 253-258.
5. Selby PL, Young MJ, Boulton AJM. Bisphosphonates: a new treatment for diabetic Charcot neuroarthroathy? Diabet Med 1994; 11: 28-31.
6. Adami S, Fossaluzza V, Gatti D, Fracassi E, Braga V. Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1997; 56: 201-204.
7. Varenna M, Zucchi F, Ghiringelli D, Binelli L, Bevilacqua M, Bettica P et al. Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 1477-1483.
8. Tintut Y, Patel J, Territo M, Sainin T, Parhami F, Demer LL. Monocyte/macrophage regulation of vascular calcification in vitro. Circulation 2002; 105: 650-655.
9. Sattler AM, Schoppet M, Schaefer JR, Hofbauer LC. Novel aspects on RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin in osteoporosis and vascular disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2004, 74: 103-106.
10. Ashcroft AJ, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. Aetiology of bone disease and the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 2003; 4: 284-292.
11. Weir Mitchell S. On a rare vaso-motor neurosis of the extremities. Am J Med Sci July 1878, 2-36.
12. Osler W, McCrae T. Vasomotor and trophic diseases. In: The Principles and Practice of Medicine, 9th edn. New York, London: D Appleton, 1921; 1114.
13. Davis MD, O'Fallon WM, Rogers RS 3rd, Rooke TW. Natural history of erythromelalgia: presentation and outcome in 168 patients. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 330-336.
14. Layzer RB. Hot feet: erythromelalgia and related disorders. J Child Neural 2001; 16: 199-202.
15. Drenth JP, Finley WH, Breedveld GJ, Testers L, Michiels JJ, Guillet G et al. The primary erythermalgia-susceptibility gene is located on chromosome 2q31-32. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68: 1277-1282.
16. Chan MK, Tucker AT, Madden S, Golding CE, Atherton DJ, Dillon MJ. Erythromelalgia: an endothelial disorder responsive to sodium nitroprusside. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87: 229-230.
17. Drenth JP, Vuzevski V, Van Joost T, Casteels-Van Daele M, Vermylen J, Michiels JJ. Cutaneous pathology in primary erythermalgia. Am J Dermatopathol 1996; 18: 30-34.
18. Uno H, Parker F. Autonomic innervation of the skin in primary erythrothermalgia. Arch Dermatol 1983; 119: 65-71.
19. Littleford RC, Khan F, Belch JJ. Skin perfusion in patients with erythromelalgia. Eur J Clin Invest 1999; 29: 588-593.
20. Mork C, Kalgaard OM, Kvernebo K. Impaired neurogenic control of skin perfusion in erythromelalgia. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118: 699-703.
21. Mork C, Sker CL, Salerud EG, Kvernebo K. Microvascular arteriovenous shunting is a probable pathogenic mechanism in erythromelalgia. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114: 643-646.
22. Littleford RC, Khan F, Belch JJ. Impaired skin vasomotor reflexes in patients with erythromelalgia. Clin Sci 1999; 96: 507-512.
23. Mork C, Kvernebo K, Asker CL, Salerud EG. Reduced skin capillary density during attacks of erythromelalgia implies arteriovenous shunting as pathogenetic mechanism. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119: 949-953.
24. Orstavik K, Weidner C, Schmidt R, Schmelz M, Hilliges M, Jorum E et al. Pathological C-fibres in patients with chronic painful conditions. Brain 2003; 126: 567-578.
25. Vendrell J, Nubiola A, Goday A, Bosch X, Esmatjes E, Gomis R et al. Erythromelalgia associated with acute diabetic neuropathy: an unusual condition. Diabetes Res 1988; 7: 149-151.
26. Eaton SE, Harris ND, Ibrahim S, Patel KA, Selmi F, Radatz M et al. Increased sural nerve epineural blood flow in human subjects with painful neuropathy. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 934-949.
27. Asher R. Making sense. Lancet 1959; ii: 359-365. Reprinted in Asher R. Talking Sense. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman Medical, 1972; 20-41.
28. Asher R. Making sense. Lancet 1959; ii: 359-365. Reprinted in Asher R. Talking Sense. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman Medical, 1972; 20-41.
29. Jeffcoate W. Making sense. Lancet 1996; 347: 451-452.
30. Mitchell JK. On a new practice in acute and chronic rheumatism. Am J Med Sci 1831; 8: 55-64.