Complications of major aortic and lower extremity vascular surgery

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 335-361

  Ghansah, J Nana ^a   Murphy, J Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL AORTA ANEURYSM; ANESTHESIA; AORTA SURGERY; AORTOINTESTINAL FISTULA; ATHEROMA; BLEEDING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; FALSE ANEURYSM; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; GRAFT FAILURE; GRAFT INFECTION; HUMAN; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIMB BLOOD FLOW; LIMB ISCHEMIA; LUNG COMPLICATION; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; REVASCULARIZATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SPINAL CORD ISCHEMIA; STROKE; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; VASCULAR SURGERY;

AORTA; AORTIC ANEURYSM; HUMANS; LOWER EXTREMITY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; VASCULAR SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 10044282588     PISSN: 10892532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/108925320400800406     Document Type: Review

References (281)

1. Bengtsson H, Bergqvist D, Sternby NH: Increasing prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms. A necropsy study. Eur J Surg 158(1):19-23, 1992.
2. Silverberg E, Boring CC, Squires TS: Cancer statistics, 1990. CA Cancer J Clin 40(1):9-26, 1990.
3. Leopold GR, Goldberger LE, Bernstein EF: Ultrasonic detection and evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Surgery 72(6):939-945, 1972.
4. Cohen JR, Mandell C, Chang JB, Wise L: Elastin metabolism of the infrarenal aorta. J Vasc Surg 7(2):210-214, 1988.
5. Majumder PP, St Jean PL, Ferrell RE, et al: On the inheritance of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Am J Hum Genet 48(1):164-170, 1991.
6. Glimaker H, Holmberg L, Elvin A, et al: Natural history of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Surg 5(2):125-130, 1991.
7. Nevitt MP, Ballard DJ, Hallett JW Jr: Prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. A population-based study. N Engl J Med 12;321(15):1009-1014, 1989.
8. The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants: Mortality results for randomised controlled trial of early elective surgery or ultrasonographic surveillance for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Lancet 21;352(9141):1649- 1655, 1998.
9. Lederle FA, Wilson SE, Johnson GR, et al, Aneurysm Detection and Management Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group: Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. N Engl J Med 46(19):1437-1444, 2002.
10. Valentine RJ, Decaprio JD, Castillo JM, et al: Watchful waiting in cases of small abdominal aortic aneurysms - appropriate for all patients? J Vasc Surg 32(3):441-448, 2000.
11. Taylor LM Jr, Porter JM: Basic data related to clinical decision-making in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 1(4):502-504, 1987.
12. Donaldson MC, Rosenberg JM, Bucknam CA: Factors affecting survival after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2(4):564-570, 1985.
13. Basnyat PS, Biffin AH, Moseley LG, et al: Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in Wales. Br J Surg 86(6):765-770, 1999.
14. Dubost C, Allary M, Oeconomos N: Resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: Reestablishment of the continuity by a preserved human arterial graft, with result after five months. AMA Arch Surg 64(3):405-408, 1952.
15. Parodi JC, Palmaz JC, Barone HD: Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 5(6):491-499, 1991.
16. Johnson JN, McLoughlin GA, Wake PN, et al: Comparison of extraperitoneal and transperitoneal methods of aortoiliac reconstruction. Twenty years experience. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 27(5):561-564, 1986.
17. Peck JJ, McReynolds DG, Baker DH, Eastman AB: Extraperitoneal approach for aortoiliac reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. Am J Surg 151(5):620-623, 1986.
18. Sicard GA, Freeman MB, VanderWoude JC, et al: Comparison between the transabdominal and retroperitoneal approach for reconstruction of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg 5(1):19-27, 1987.
19. Sicard GA, Reilly JM, Rubin BG, et al: Transabdominal versus retroperitoneal incision for abdominal aortic surgery: Report of a prospective randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 21(2):174-181, 1995.
20. Cambria RP, Brewster DC, Abbott WM, et al: Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal approach for aortic reconstruction: A randomized prospective study. J Vasc Surg 11(2):314-324, 1990.
21. Leather RP, Shah DM, Kaufman JL, et al: Comparative analysis of retroperitoneal and transperitoneal aortic replacement for aneurysm. Surg Gynecol Obstet 68(5):387-3893, 1989.
22. Darling RC 3rd, Shah DM, McClellan WR, et al: Decreased morbidity associated with retroperitoneal exclusion treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 33(1):65-69, 1992.
23. LaCroix H: The optimal surgical approach for the elective reconstruction of the infra and juxtarenal abdominal aorta: A randomized prospective study. Acta Biomedica Lovaniensia 157:1-531, 1997.
24. Shames ML, Thompson RW: Abdominal aortic aneurysms. Surgical treatment. Cardiol Clin 20(4):563-578, 2002.
25. Crawford ES, Saleh SA, Babb JW 3rd, et al: Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: Factors influencing survival after operation performed over a 25-year period. Ann Surg 193(6):699-709, 1981.
26. Reigel MM, Hollier LH, Kazmier FJ, et al: Late survival in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients: The role of selective myocardial revascularization on the basis of clinical symptoms. J Vasc Surg 5(2):222-227, 1987.
27. McCabe CJ, Coleman WS, Brewster DC: The advantage of early operation for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Arch Surg 116(8):1025-1029, 1981.
28. Cambria RP, Brewster DC, Abbott WM, et al: The impact of selective use of dipyridamole-thallium scans and surgical factors on the current morbidity of aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 15(1):43-50, 1992.
29. Crawford JL, Stowe CL, et al: Inflammatory aneurysms of the aorta. J Vasc Surg 2(1):113-124, 1985.
30. Hannan EL, Kilburn H Jr, O'Donnell JF, et al: A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between in-hospital mortality in New York State and the volume of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgeries performed. Health Serv Res 27(4):517-542, 1992.
31. Katz DJ, Stanley JC, Zelenock GB: Operative mortality rates for intact and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in Michigan: An eleven-year statewide experience. J Vasc Surg 19(5):804-817, 1994.
32. Dardik A, Lin JW, Gordon TA, et al: Results of elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the 1990s: A population-based analysis of 2335 cases. J Vasc Surg 30(6):985-995, 1999.
33. Diehl JT, Cali RF, Hertzer NR, et al: Complications of abdominal aortic reconstruction. An analysis of perioperative risk factors in 557 patients. Ann Surg 197(1):49-56, 1983.
34. Johnston KW: Multicenter prospective study of nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Part II. Variables predicting morbidity and mortality. J Vasc Surg 9(3):437-447, 1989.
35. Langan EM 3rd, Youkey JR, Franklin DP, et al: Dobutamine stress echocardiography for cardiac risk assessment before aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 18(6):905-911, 1993.
36. Callow AD, Ernst CB, eds: Vascular Surgery: Theory and Practice, Stamford: Appleton and Lange, pp. 1374-1378, 1995.
37. Brown OW, Hollier LH, Pairolero PC, et al: Abdominal aortic aneurysm and coronary artery disease. Arch Surg 116(11):1484-1488, 1981.
38. Yeager RA, Weigel RM, Murphy ES, et al: Application of clinically valid cardiac risk factors to aortic aneurysm surgery. Arch Surg 121(3):278-281, 1986.
39. Hertzer NR, Beven EG, Young JR, et al: Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients. A classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management. Ann Surg 199(2):223-233, 1984.
40. Sprung J, Abdelmalak B, Gottlieb A, et al: Analysis of risk factors for myocardial infarction and cardiac mortality after major vascular surgery. Anesthesiology 93(1):129-140, 2000.
41. Muller DW, Shamir KJ, Ellis SG, et al: Peripheral vascular complications after conventional and complex percutaneous coronary interventional procedures. Am J Cardiol 69(1):63-68, 1992.
42. L'Italien GJ, Paul SD, Hendel RC, et al: Development and validation of a Bayesian model for perioperative cardiac risk assessment in a cohort of 1,081 vascular surgical candidates. J Am Coll Cardiol 27(4):779-786, 1996.
43. Mangano DT, Goldman L: Preoperative assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary disease. N Engl J Med 333(26):1750-1756, 1995.
44. Phail N, Menkis A, Shariatmadar A, et al: Statistical prediction of cardiac risk in patients who undergo vascular surgery. Can J Surg 28(5):404-406, 1985.
45. Ingoldby CJ, Wujanto R, Mitchell JE: Impact of vascular surgery on community mortality from ruptured aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 73(7):551-553, 1986.
46. Lambert ME, Baguley P, Charlesworth D: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 27(3):256-261, 1986.
47. Rao TL, Jacobs KH, El-Etr AA: Reinfarction following anesthesia in patients with myocardial infarction. Anesthesiology 59(6):499-505, 1983.
48. Shah KB, Kleinman BS, Sami H, et al: Reevaluation of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients with prior myocardial infarction undergoing noncardiac operations. Anesth Analg 71(3):231-235, 1990.
49. Detsky AS, Abrams HB, McLaughlin JR, et al: Predicting cardiac complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. J Gen Intern Med 1(4):211-219, 1986.
50. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al: Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation 100(10):1043-1049, 1999.
51. Eagle KA, Brundage BH, Chaitman BR, et al: Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 93(6):1278-1317, 1996.
52. Poldermans D, Arnese M, Fioretti PM, et al: Improved cardiac risk stratification in major vascular surgery with dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 26(3):648-653, 1995.
53. Badner NH, Knill RL, Brown JE, et al: Myocardial infarction after noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 88(3):572-578, 1998.
54. Blackbourne LH, Tribble CG, Langenburg SE, et al: Optimal timing of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair after coronary artery revascularization. Ann Surg 219(6):693-696, 1994.
55. Won A, Acosta JA, Browner D, Hye RJ: Validation of selective cardiac evaluation prior to aortic aneurysm repair. Arch Surg 133(8):833-838, 1998.
56. Kaluza GL, Joseph J, Lee JR, et al: Catastrophic outcomes of noncardiac surgery soon after coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 35(5):1288-1294, 2000.
57. Wilson SH, Fasseas P, Orford JL, et al: Clinical outcome of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery in the two months following coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 42(2):234-240, 2003.
58. Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, et al: Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. N Engl J Med 335(23):1713-1720, 1996.
59. Poldermans D, Boersma E, Bax JJ, et al: The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery. Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group. N Engl J Med 341(24):1789-1794, 1999.
60. London MJ, Hollenberg M, Wong MG, et al: Intraoperative myocardial ischemia: Localization by continuous 12-lead electrocardiography. Anesthesiology 69(2):232-241, 1988.
61. Landesberg G, Mosseri M, Wolf Y, et al: Perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction: Identification by continuous 12-lead electrocardiogram with online ST-segment monitoring. Anesthesiology 96(2):264-270, 2002.
62. van Daele ME, Sutherland GR, Mitchell MM, et al: Do changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure adequately reflect myocardial ischemia during anesthesia? A correlative preoperative hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and transesophageal echocardiographic study. Circulation 81(3):865-871, 1990.
63. Smith JS, Cahalan MK, Benefiel DJ, et al: Intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia in high-risk patients: Electrocardiography versus two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. Circulation 72(5):1015-1021, 1985.
64. Isenberg MJ, London MJ, Leung JM, et al: Monitoring for myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery. A technology assessment of transesophageal echocardiography and 12-lead electrocardiography. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA 268(2):210-216, 1992.
65. Adams JE 3rd, Sicard GA, Allen BT, et al: Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction with measurement of cardiac troponin I. N Engl J Med 330(10):670-674, 1994.
66. Castronuovo JJ, Flanigan DP: Renal failure complicating vascular surgery. In: Bernhard VM, Towne JB, eds. Complications in vascular surgery Orlando: Grune & Stratton; pp. 258-274, 1985.
67. Ostri P, Mouritsen L, Jorgensen B, et al: Renal function following aneurysmectomy of the abdominal aorta. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 27(6):714-718, 1986.
68. Miller DC, Myers BD: Pathophysiology and prevention of acute renal failure associated with thoracoabdominal or abdominal aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 5(3):518-523, 1987.
69. Sladen RN, Endo E, Harrison T: Two-hour versus 22-hour creatinine clearance in critically ill patients. Anesthesiology 67(6):1013-1016, 1987.
70. Pass LJ, Eberhart RC, Brown JC, et al: The effect of mannitol and dopamine on the renal response to thoracic aortic cross-clamping. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 95(4):608-612, 1988.
71. Gamulin Z, Forster A, Morel D, et al: Effects of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping on renal hemodynamics in humans. Anesthesiology 61(4):394-399, 1984.
72. Berkowitz HD, Shetty S: Renin release and renal cortical ischemia following aortic cross clamping. Arch Surg 109(5):612-617, 1974.
73. Mathur VS, Swan SK, Lambrecht LJ, et al: The effects of fenoldopam, a selective dopamine receptor agonist, on systemic and renal hemodynamics in normotensive subjects. Crit Care Med 27(9):1832-1837, 1999.
74. Murphy MB, McCoy CE, Weber RR, et al: Augmentation of renal blood flow and sodium excretion in hypertensive patients during blood pressure reduction by intravenous administration of the dopamine1 agonist fenoldopam. Circulation 76(6):1312-1318, 1987.
75. Miller Q, Peyton BD, Cohn EJ, et al: The effects of intraoperative fenoldopam on renal blood flow and tubular function following suprarenal aortic cross-clamping. Ann Vasc Surg 17(6):656-662, 2003.
76. Labardini MM, Ratliff RK: The abdominal aortic aneurysm and the ureter. J Urol 98(5):590-596, 1967.
77. Lawrence VA, Dhanda R, Hilsenbeck SG, et al: Risk of pulmonary complications after elective abdominal surgery. Chest 110(3):744-750, 1996.
78. Smetana GW: 1996 Preoperative pulmonary evaluation. N. Engl J Med 340(12):937-944, 1999.
79. Calligaro KD, Azurin DJ, Dougherty MJ, et al: Pulmonary risk factors of elective abdominal aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 18(6):914-920, 1993.
80. Gerson MC, Hurst JM, Hertzberg VS, et al: Prediction of cardiac and pulmonary complications related to elective abdominal and noncardiac thoracic surgery in geriatric patients. Am J Med 88(2):101-107, 1990.
81. Berg H, Roed J, Viby-Mogensen J, et al: Residual neuromuscular block is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications. A prospective, randomised, and blinded study of postoperative pulmonary complications after atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41(9):1095-1103, 1997.
82. Warner MA, Offord KP, Warner ME, et al: Role of preoperative cessation of smoking and other factors in postoperative pulmonary complications: A blinded prospective study of coronary artery bypass patients. Mayo Clin Proc 64(6):609-616, 1989.
83. Brooks-Brunn JA: Postoperative atelectasis and pneumonia. Heart Lung 24(2):94-115, 1995.
84. Cooper DK: The incidence of postoperative infection and the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in pulmonary surgery. A review of 221 consecutive patients undergoing thoracotomy. Br J Dis Chest 75(2):154-160, 1981.
85. Major CP Jr, Greer MS, Russell WL, et al: Postoperative pulmonary complications and morbidity after abdominal aneurysmectomy: A comparison of postoperative epidural versus parenteral opioid analgesia. Am Surg 62(1):45-51, 1996.
86. Gracey DR, Divertie MB, Didier EP: Preoperative pulmonary preparation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective study. Chest 76(2):123-129, 1979.
87. Milledge JS, Nunn JF: Criteria of fitness for anaesthesia in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Br Med J 3(5985):670-673, 1975.
88. Stein M, Koota GM, Simon M, et al: Pulmonary evaluation of surgical patients. JAMA 181:765-770, 1962.
89. Fisher BW, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA: Predicting pulmonary complications after nonthoracic surgery: A systematic review of blinded studies. Am J Med 112(3):219-225, 2002.
90. Garibaldi RA, Britt MR, Coleman ML, et al: Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. Am J Med 70(3):677-680, 1981.
91. Arozullah AM, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, et al: Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med 135(10):847-857, 2001.
92. Greenaway CA, Embil J, Orr PH, et al: Nosocomial pneumonia on general medical and surgical wards in a tertiary-care hospital. Infect Cont Hosp Epidemiol 18:749-756, 1997.
93. Downs AR: Complications of abdominal aortic surgery. In: Bernhard VW, Towne JB, eds. Complications in Vascular Surgery. 2nd ed. Orlando, Fl: Grune & Stratton; p. 25, 1985.
94. Alric P, Ryckwaert F, Picot MC, et al: Ruptured aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta: Impact of age and postoperative complications on mortality. Ann Vasc Surg 17(3):277-283, 2003.
95. Scheinin A, Asantila R, Orko R: The effect of bupivacaine and morphine on pain and bowel function after colonic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 31:161-164, 1987.
96. Liu SS, Carpenter RL, Mackey DC: Effect of perioperative analgesic technique on rate of recovery after colon surgery. Anesthesiology 83:757-765, 1995.
97. Carli F, Trudel JL, Belliveau P: The effect of intraoperative thoracic epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia on bowel function after colorectal surgery: A prospective randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum 44:1083-1089, 2001.
98. Ernst CB, Hagihara PF, Daughtery ME, et al: Ischemic colitis incidence following abdominal aortic reconstruction: A prospective study. Surgery 80(4):417-421, 1976.
99. Johnson WC, Nasbeth DC: Visceral infarction following aortic surgery. Ann Surg 180:332, 1974.
100. Ernst CB: Intestinal ischemia following abdominal aortic reconstruction. In: Bernhard VW, Towne JB, eds. Complications in Vascular Surgery. 2nd ed. Orlando, Fla: Grune & Stratton; p. 325, 1985.
101. Hunter GC, Westerbrand A: Noninfectious complications in vascular surgery. In: Moore WS, ed. Vascular Surgery - A Comprehensive Review. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; p. 725, 1998.
102. Hallett JW Jr, Marshall DM, Petterson TM, et al: Graft-related complications after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: Reassurance from a 36-year population-based experience. J Vasc Surg 25(2):277-284, 1997.
103. Plate G, Hollier LA, O'Brien P, et al: Recurrent aneurysms and late vascular complications following repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Arch Surg 120:590-594, 1985.
104. Moore WS: Infection in prosthetic vascular grafts. In: Moore WS, eds. Vascular surgery: A Comprehensive Feview. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; pp. 711-723, 1998.
105. Bandyk DF, Novotney ML, Back MR, et al: Expanded application of in situ replacement for prosthetic graft infection. J Vasc Surg 34:411-419, 2001.
106. Bandyk DF, Novotney ML, Johnson BL, et al: Use of rifampin-soaked gelatin-sealed polyester grafts for in situ treatment of primary aortic and vascular prosthetic infections. J Surg Res 95:44-49, 2001.
107. Bernhard VM: Aortoenteric fistula. Grune & Stratton, Orlando, FL, pp. 513-525, 1985.
108. Trout HH 3rd, Kozloff L, Giordano JM: Priority of revascularization in patients with graft enteric fistulas, infected arteries, or infected arterial prostheses. Ann Surg 199(6):669-683, 1984.
109. Nelken N: Aortoenteric Fistula. In: Callow AD, Ernst CB, eds. Vascular Surgery: Theory and Practice, Stamford: Appleton And Lange; p. 1311, 1995.
110. Yeager RA, Sasaki TM, McConnell DB, et al: Clinical spectrum of patients with infrarenal aortic grafts and gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Surg 153(5):459-461, 1987.
111. Salo JA, Verkkala K, Ketonen P, et al: Graft-enteric fistulas and erosions, complications of synthetic aortic grafting. Vasc Surg 28(2):88-93, 1986.
112. Moulton S, Adams M, Johansen K: Aortoenteric fistula. A 7-year urban experience. Am J Surg 151(5):607-611, 1986.
113. Keen RR, Yao JST: Aneurysms and embolisation: Detection and management. In: Yao JST, Pearce WH, eds. Aneurysms: New Findings and Treatment. Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, pp. 305-314, 1995.
114. Kempczinski RF: Atheroembolism. In: Kempczinski RF, ed. The Ischemic Leg. Chicago, III: Year Book Medical Publishers; p. 81, 1985.
115. Thompson MM, Smith J, Naylor AR, et al: Microembolization during endovascular and conventional aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 25(1):179-186, 1997.
116. Strom JA, Bernhard VM, Towne JB: Acute limb ischemia following aortic reconstruction. A preventable cause of increased mortality. Arch Surg 119(4):470-473, 1984.
117. Imparato AM: Abdominal aortic surgery: Prevention of lower limb ischaemia. Surgery 93:112-116, 1983.
118. Sharma PV, Babu SC, Shah PM, et al: Changing patterns of atheroembolism. Cardiovasc Surg 4(5):573-579, 1996.
119. Berridge DC, Kessel D, Robertson I: Surgery versus thrombolysis for acute limb ischaemia: Initial management. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 p. CD002784, 2000.
120. Kuhan G, Raptis S: 'Trash foot' following operations involving the abdominal aorta. Aust N Z J Surg 67(l):21-24, 1997.
121. May AG, DeWeese JA, Rob CG: Changes in sexual function following operation on the abdominal aorta. Surgery 65(1):41-47, 1969.
122. Lee ES, Kor DJ, Kuskowski MA, et al: Incidence of erectile dysfunction after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Vasc Surg 14(1):13-19, 2000.
123. DePalma RG, Levine SB, Feldman S: Preservation of erectile function after aortoiliac reconstruction. Arch Surg 113(8):958-962, 1978.
124. Weinstein MH, Machleder HI: Sexual function after aortolliac surgery. Ann Surg 181(6):787-790, 1975.
125. Queral LA, Whitehouse WM Jr, Flinn WR et al: Pelvic hemodynamics after aortoiliac reconstruction. Surgery 86(6):799-809, 1979.
126. McCulloch DK, Campbell IW, Wu FC, et al: The prevalence of diabetic impotence. Diabetologia 18(4):279-283, 1980.
127. Carroll JL, Ellis D, Bagley DH: Impotence in the elderly. Evaluation of erectile failure in men older than seventy years of age. Jefferson Sexual Function Center. Urology 39(3):226-230, 1992.
128. Miles JR Jr, Miles DG, Johnson G Jr: Aortoiliac operations and sexual dysfunction. Arch Surg 117(9):1177-1181, 1982.
129. Flanigan DP, Schuler JJ, Keifer T, et al: Elimination of iatrogenic impotence and improvement of sexual function after aortoiliac revascularization. Arch Surg 117(5):544-550, 1982.
130. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:1644-1655, 1992.
131. Marshall JC: SIRS and MODS: What is their relevance to the science and practice of intensive care? Shock 14(6):586-589, 2000.
132. Beal AL, Cerra FB: Multiple organ failure syndrome in the 1990s. Systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction. JAMA 271(3):226-233, 1994.
133. Davies MG, Hagen PO: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Br J Surg 84:920-935, 1997.
134. Bown MJ, Nicholson ML, Bell PR, et al: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome, organ failure, and mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 37(3):600-606, 2003.
135. Norwood MG, Bown MJ, Lloyd G, et al: The clinical value of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27(3):292-298, 2004.
136. Bone RC: Sir Isaac Newton, sepsis, SIRS and CARS. Crit Care Med 24:1125-1128, 1996.
137. Godin PJ, Buchman TG: Uncoupling of biological oscillators: A complementary hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Crit Care Med 24:1107-1106, 1996
138. Talmor M, Hydo L, Barie PS: Relationship of systemic inflammatory response syndrome to organ dysfunction, length of stay, and mortality in critical surgical illness: Effect of intensive care unit resuscitation. Arch Surg 134:81-87, 1999.
139. Szilagyi DE, Hageman JH, Smith RF, et al: Spinal cord damage in surgery of the abdominal aorta. Surgery 83(1):38-56, 1978.
140. Gloviczki P, Cross SA, Stanson AW, et al: Ischemic injury to the spinal cord or lumbosacral plexus after aorto-iliac reconstruction. Am J Surg 162(2):131-136, 1991.
141. Allen BT: Spinal cord Ischemia complicating Aortic Surgery. In: Moore WS, ed. Vascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; p. 1403, 1998.
142. Dommisse GF: The blood supply of the spinal cord. A critical vascular zone in spinal surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 56(2):225-235, 1974.
143. Spiller W: Thrombosis of the cervical anterior median spinal artery; syphilitic acute anterior poliomyelitis. J Nerv Ment Dis 36:601, 1909.
144. McGormick PC, Stein BM: Functional anatomy of the spinal cord and related structures. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1(3):469-489, 1990.
145. Svensson LG, Crawford ES: Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm surgery: Clinical observations, experimental investigations, and statistical analyses. Part I. Curr Probl Surg 29(11):817-911, 1992.
146. Savader SJ, Williams GM, Trerotola SO, et al: Preoperative spinal artery localization and its relationship to postoperative neurologic complications. Radiology 189(1):165-171, 1993.
147. Blaisdell FW, Cooley DA: The mechanism of paraplegia after temporary thoracic aortic occlusion and its relationship to spinal fluid pressure. Surgery 51:351-355, 1962.
148. Hill AC, Schecter WP, Mori H, et al: The effect of verapamil on cerebral cortical and spinal cord blood flow during proximal descending thoracic aortic occlusion. J Trauma 28(8):1214-1219, 1988.
149. Barone GW, Joob AW, Flanagan TL, et al: The effect of hyperemia on spinal cord function after temporary thoracic aortic occlusion. J Vasc Surg 8(4):535-540, 1988.
150. Szilagyi DE: A second look at the etiology of spinal cord damage in surgery of the abdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg 17(6):1111-1113, 1993.
151. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, et al: Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg 17(2):357-368, 1993.
152. Svensson LG, Hess KR, Coselli JS, et al: Influence of segmental arteries, extent, and atriofemoral bypass on postoperative paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg 20(2):255-262, 1994.
153. Doppman JL, Di Chiro G, Morton DL: Arteriographic identification of spinal cord blood supply prior to aortic surgery. JAMA 204(2):174-175, 1968.
154. Svensson LG, Patel V, Coselli JS, et al: Preliminary report of localization of spinal cord blood supply by hydrogen during aortic operations. Ann Thorac Surg 49(4):528-535, 1990.
155. Coles JG, Wilson GJ, Sima AF, et al: Intraoperative detection of spinal cord ischemia using somatosensory cortical evoked potentials during thoracic aortic occlusion. Ann Thorac Surg 34(3):299-306, 1982.
156. Colon R, Frazier OH, Cooley DA, et al: Hypothermic regional perfusion for protection of the spinal cord during periods of ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg 43(6):639-643, 1987.
157. Miyamoto K, Ueno A, Wada T, et al: A new and simple method of preventing spinal cord damage following temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta by draining the cerebrospinal fluid. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1:188-197, 1960.
158. Johnston KW, Scobie TK: Multicenter prospective study of nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. In population and operative management. J Vasc Surg 7:69-81, 1988.
159. Cruz CP, Drouilhet JC, Southern FN, et al: Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 35:335-344, 2001.
160. Harris EJ, Moneta GL, Yeager RA, et al: Neurologic deficits following noncarotid vascular surgery. Am J Surg 163:537-540, 1992.
161. Plate G, Hollier LH, O'Brien PC, et al: Late cerebrovascular accidents after repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Acta Chir Scand 154(1):25-29, 1988.
162. Gerraty RP, Gilford EJ, Gates PC: Watershed cerebral infarction associated with perioperative hypotension. Clin Exp Neurol 30:82-89, 1993.
163. Axelrod DA, Stanley JC, Upchurch GR Jr, et al: Risk for stroke after elective noncarotid vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 39(1):67-72, 2004.
164. Turnipseed WD, Berkoff HA, Belzer FO: Postoperative stroke in cardiac and peripheral vascular disease. Ann Surg 192:365-368, 1980.
165. Cabellon S Jr, Moncrief CL, Pierre DR, et al: Incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with atheromatous arterial disease. Am J Surg 46:575-576, 1983.
166. Reunanen A, Takkunen H, Aromaa A: Prevalence of intermittent claudication and its effect on mortality. Acta Med Scand 211:249-256, 1982.
167. Malone JM, Moore WS, Goldstone J: Life expectancy following aortofemoral arterial grafting. Surgery 81:551-555, 1977.
168. Veith FJ, Gupta SK, Samson RH, et al: Progress in limb salvage by reconstructive arterial surgery combined with new or improved adjunctive procedures. Ann Surg 194:386-401, 1981.
169. Edwards JE, Taylor LM Jr, Porter JM: Treatment of failed lower extremity bypass grafts with new autogenous vein bypass grafting. J Vasc Surg 11: 136-144; discussion, 144-145, 1990.
170. Moneta GL, Foley MI, Giswold ME, et al: Vascular surgery for peripheral arterial disease. Clin Cornerstone 4(5):41-55, 2002.
171. Thompson RW, Anderson CB: Aortoiliac occlusive disease: In: Moore WS, eds. Vascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; p. 605, 1998.
172. Deaton DH, et al: Infrainguinal revascularization to the popliteal and proximal tibial arteries. In: Moore WS, ed. Vascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; p. 689, 1998.
173. Knox WG. Peripheral vascular anastomotic aneurysms: A fifteen-year experience. Ann Surg 183(2):120-123, 1976.
174. Read RC, Thompson BW: Uninfected anastomotic false aneurysms following arterial reconstruction with prosthetic grafts. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 16(5):558-561, 1975.
175. Satiani B: False aneurysms following arterial reconstruction. Surg Gynecol Obstet 152(3):357-363, 1981.
176. Galletti PM: Novel and experimental materials used in vascular grafts. In: Callow AD, Ernst CB, eds. Vascular Surgery: Theory and Practice, Stamford: Appleton And Lange, p. 1221, 1995.
177. Weinberg S, Abbott WM: Biological vascular grafts. In: Callow AD, Ernst CB, eds. Vascular Surgery: Theory and Practice, Stamford: Appleton and Lange; p. 1213, 1995.
178. Klinkert P, Post PN, Breslau PJ, et al: Saphenous vein versus PTFE for above-knee femoropopliteal bypass. A review of the literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27(4):357-362, 2004.
179. Post S, Kraus T, Muller-Reinartz U, et al: Dacron vs. polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for femoropopliteal bypass: A a prospective randomised multicentre trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22(3):226-231, 2001.
180. Friedman SG, Lazzaro RS, Spier LN, et al: prospective randomized comparison of Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene aortic bifurcation grafts. Surgery 117(1):7-10, 1995.
181. Freischlag JA, Towne JB: Lower extremity graft failure. In: Callow AD, Ernst CB, eds. Vascular Surgery: Theory and Practice. Stamford, CT: Appleton And Lange, p. 1267, 1995.
182. Quinones-Baldrich WJ: Acute Arterial and Graft Occlusion. Moore WS, ed. Vascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; p. 667, 1998.
183. Jaar BG, Astor BC, Berns JS, et al: Predictors of amputation and survival following lower extremity revascularization in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 65(2):613-620, 2004.
184. Abou-Zamzam AM Jr, Teruya TH, Killeen JD, et al: Major lower extremity amputation in an academic vascular center. Ann Vasc Surg 17(1):86-90, 2003.
185. Calle-Pascual AL, Duran A, Diaz A, et al: Comparison of peripheral arterial reconstruction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: A prospective clinic-based study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 53(2):129-136, 2001.
186. Lantis JC 2nd, Conte MS, Belkin M, et al: Infrainguinal bypass grafting in patients with end-stage renal disease: Improving outcomes? J Vasc Surg 33(6):1171-1178, 2001.
187. Kazmers A, Perkins AJ, Jacobs LA: Major lower extremity amputation in Veterans Affairs medical centers. Ann Vasc Surg 14(3):216-222, 2000.
188. Reinhardt K, Foehring U, Kersting T, et al: Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on systemic hemodynamic function and systemic oxygen supply-demand relationship. Anesth Analg 69:360-369, 1989.
189. Seeling W, Bothner U, Rockemann M, et al: Patient-enkontrollierte Analgesie versus Epiduralanalgesie mit Bupivacain oder Morphin nach grossen abdominellen Eingriffen: kein Unterschied in der postoperativen Morbiditat. Anaesthesist 40:614-23, 1991.
190. Turnan KJ, McCarthy RJ, March RJ, et al: Effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on coagulation and outcome after major vascular surgery. Anesth Analg 73:696-704, 1991.
191. Davies MJ, Silbert BS, Mooney PJ: Combined epidural and general anesthesia versus general anaesthesia for abdominal aortic surgery: A prospective randomized trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 21:790-794, 1993.
192. Christopherson R, Beattie C, Frank SM: Perioperative morbidity in patients randomized to epidural or general anesthesia for lower extremity vascular surgery. Anesthesiology 79:422-434, 1993.
193. Bode RH, Lewis KP, Zarich SW, et al: Cardiac outcomes after peripheral vascular surgery: Comparison of general and regional anaesthesia. Anesthesiology 84:3-13, 1996.
194. Collins GJ Jr, Barber JA, Zajtchuk R, et al: The effects of operative stress on the coagulation profile. Am J Surg 133(5):612-616, 1977.
195. Ygge J: Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis during the postoperative period. Am J Surg 119(3):225-232, 1970.
196. Andersson TR, Berner NS, Larsen ML, et al: Plasma heparin cofactor II, protein C and antithrombin in elective surgery. Acta Chir Scand 153(4):291-296, 1987.
197. McDaniel MD, Pearce WH, Yao JS, et al: Sequential changes in coagulation and platelet function following femorotibial bypass. J Vasc Surg 1(2):261-268, 1984.
198. Dahl JB, Kehlet H: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Rationale for use in severe postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 66(6):703-712, 1991.
199. Kawasaki T, Dewerchin M, Lijnen HR, et al: Mouse carotid artery ligation induces platelet-leukocyte-dependent luminal fibrin, required for neointima development. Circ Res 88:159-166, 2001.
200. Palabrica T, Lobb R, Furie BC, et al: Leukocyte accumulation promoting fibrin deposition is mediated in vivo by P-selectin on adherent platelets. Nature 359:848-851, 1992.
201. Theilmeier G, Lenaerts T, Remacle C, et al: Circulating activated platelets assist THP-1 monocytoid/endothelial cell interaction under shear stress. Blood 94:2725-2734, 1999.
202. Modig J, Borg T, Bagge L, Saldeen T: Role of extradural and of general anaesthesia in fibrinolysis and coagulation after total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 55(7):625-629, 1983.
203. Modig J, Borg T, Karlstrom G, et al: Thromboembolism after total hip replacement: Role of epidural and general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 62(2):174-1180, 1983.
204. Cousins MJ, Wright CJ: Graft, muscle, skin blood flow after epidural block in vascular surgical procedures. Surg Gynecol Obstet 133(1):59-64, 1971.
205. Phelps DB, Rutherford RB, Boswick JA Jr: Control of vasospasm following trauma and microvascular surgery. J Hand Surg [Am] 4(2):109-117, 1979.
206. Ross RA, Clarke JE, Armitage EN: Postoperative pain prevention by continuous epidural infusion. A study of the clinical effects and the plasma concentrations obtained. Anaesthesia 35(7):663-668, 1980.
207. Kehlet H: The stress response to surgery: Release mechanisms and the modifying effect of pain relief. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 550:22-28, 1989.
208. Hahnenkamp K, Theilmeier G, Van Aken HK, et al: The effects of local anesthetics on perioperative coagulation, inflammation, and microcirculation. Anesth Analg 94(6):1441-1447, 2002.
209. Bredbacka S, Blomback M, Hagnevik K, et al: Per- and postoperative changes in coagulation and fibrinolytic variables during abdominal hysterectomy under epidural or general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 30(3):204-210, 1986.
210. Rosenfeld BA, Beattie G, Christopherson R, et al: The effects of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis. Perioperative Ischemia Randomized Anesthesia Trial Study Group. Anesthesiology 79(3):435-443, 1993.
211. Donadoni R, Baele G, Devulder J, Rolly G: Coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters in patients undergoing total hip replacement: Influence of the anaesthesia technique. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 33(7):588-592, 1989.
212. Steinbrook RA: Epidural anesthesia and gastrointestinal motility. Anesth Analg 86(4):837-844, 1998.
213. Rock P: The future of anesthesiology is perioperative medicine. Anesthesiol Clin North America 18(3):495-513, v 2000.
214. Hoellerich VL Acute care medicine: A community hospital practice. Anesthesiol Clin North America 18(3):539-550, 2000 vi.
215. Volodos NL, Karpovich IP, Troyan VI, et al: Clinical experience of the use of self-fixing synthetic prostheses for remote endoprosthetics of the thoracic and the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries through the femoral artery and as intraoperative endoprosthesis for aorta reconstruction. Vasa Suppl 33:93-95, 1991.
216. Anderson PL, Arons RR, Moskowitz AJ, et al: A statewide experience with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: Rapid diffusion with excellent early results. J Vasc Surg 39(1):10-19, 2004.
217. Elkouri S, Gloviczki P, McKusick MA, et al: Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Initial experience with 100 consecutive patients. Mayo Clin Proc 78(10):1234-1242, 2003.
218. Brown L, Epstein D, Manca A, et al: The UK Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Trials: Design, Methodology and Progress. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27(4):372-381, 2004.
219. Tonnessen BH, Sternbergh WC, Money SR: Brave New World: The role for endovascular aneurysm repair in contemporary vascular surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44:535-542, 2003.
220. Bush RL, Lin PH, Lumsden AB: Endovascular management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44(4):527-534, 2003.
221. Faries PL, Bernheim J, Kilaru S, et al: Selecting stent grafts for the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44(4):511-518, 2003.
222. Adriaensen ME, Bosch JL, Halpern EF, et al: Elective endovascular versus open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Systematic review of short-term results. Radiology 224(3):739-747, 2002.
223. Maher MM, McNamara AM, MacEneaney PM, et al: Abdominal aortic aneurysms: Elective endovascular repair versus conventional surgery-evaluation with evidence-based medicine techniques. Radiology 228(3):647-658, 2003.
224. Petrasek PF, White GH, May J: Novel Aortic Reconstruction Strategies: Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Curr Interv Cardiol Rep 1(3):205-214, 1999.
225. Lippmann M, Lingam K, Rubin S, et al: Anesthesia for endovascular repair of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms: A review article. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44(3):443-451, 2003.
226. Kahn RA, Moskowitz DM: Endovascular aortic repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 16(2):218-233, 2002.
227. Kahn RA, Moskowitz DM, Marin M, Hollier L: Anesthetic considerations for endovascular aortic repair. Mt Sinai J Med 69(1-2):57-67, 2002.
228. Chaikof EL, Blankensteijn JD, Harris PL, et al: Reporting standards for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 35(5):1048-1060, 2002.
229. Chaikof EL: Hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil: Postmarket monitoring, underreporting, and estimating the prevalence of endograft-related adverse events. J Vasc Surg 35(6):1299-1300, 2002.
230. Bernhard VM, Mitchell RS, Matsumura JS et al: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular repair. J Vasc Surg 35(6):1155-1162, 2002.
231. Tanquilut EM, Ouriel K: Current outcomes in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44:503-509, 2003.
232. Zarins CK: The US AneuRx Clinical Trial: 6-year clinical update 2002. J Vasc Surg 37(4):904-908, 2003.
233. Pfammatter T, Mayer D, Pfiffner R, et al: Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with the Excluder bifurcated stent-graft. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44(4):549-552, 2003.
234. Matsumura JS, Brewster DC, Makaroun MS, Naftel DC: A multicenter controlled clinical trial of open versus endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 37(2):262-271, 2003.
235. Arko FR, Filis KA, Seidel SA, et al: How many patients with infrarenal aneurysms are candidates for endovascular repair? The Northern California experience. J Endovasc Ther 11(1):33-40, 2004.
236. Sanchez LA, Rubin BG, Keller CA, et al: Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in women after FDA approval: Results, complications, and limitations. Ann Vasc Surg 16(4):430-435, 2002.
237. Criado FJ, Wilson EP, Abul-Khoudoud O, et al: Brachial artery catheterization to facilitate endovascular grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysm: Safety and rationale. J Vasc Surg 32(6):1137-1141, 2000.
238. White GH, May J, Waugh RC, et al: Type III and Type IV endoleak: Toward a complete definition of blood flow in the sac after endoluminal AAA repair. J Endovasc Surg 5:305-309, 1998.
239. Maldonado TS, Gagne PJ: Controversies in the management of type II "branch" endoleaks following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Vasc Endovascular Surg 37(1):1-12, 2003.
240. van Marrewijk CJ, Fransen G, Laheij RJ, et al EUROSTAR Collaborators: Is a type II endoleak after EVAR a harbinger of risk? Causes and outcome of open conversion and aneurysm rupture during follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27(2):128-137, 2004.
241. Dubenec SR, White GH, Pasenau J, et al: Endotension. A review of current views on pathophysiology and treatment. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44(4):553-557, 2003.
242. Moore WS, Matsumura JS, Makaroun MS, et al: Five-year interim comparison of the Guidant bifurcated endograft with open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 38(1):46-55, 2003.
243. Sampram ES, Karafa MT, Mascha EJ, et al: Nature, frequency, and predictors of secondary procedures after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 37(5):930-937, 2003.
244. Resch T, Ivancev K, Brunkwall J, et al: Distal migration of stent-grafts after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Vasc Interv Radiol 10(3):257-264, 1999.
245. Lipsitz EC, Ohki T, Veith FJ, et al: Delayed open conversion following endovascular aortoiliac aneurysm repair: Partial (or complete) endograft preservation as a useful adjunct. J Vasc Surg 38(6):1191-1198, 2003.
246. Walschot LH, Laheij RJ, Verbeek AL: Outcome after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A metaanalysis. J Endovasc Ther 9(1):82-89, 2002.
247. Fransen GA, Vallabhaneni SR Sr, van Marrewijk CJ, et al: Rupture of infra-renal aortic aneurysm after endovascular repair: A series from EUROSTAR registry. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26(5):487-493, 2003.
248. Zarins CK: The limits of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 29(6):1164-1168, 1999.
249. Krohg-Sorensen K, Brekke M, Drolsum A, et al: Periprosthetic leak and rupture after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: The significance of device design for long-term results. J Vasc Surg 29(6):1152-1158, 1999.
250. Sutton DC, Rother A: Endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair complicated by intracardiac guidewire placement and massive transfusion. Anesth Analg 91(1):89-91, 2000.
251. Berg P, Kaufmann D, van Marrewijk CJ, et al: Spinal cord ischaemia after stent-graft treatment for infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Analysis of the Eurostar database. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22(4):342-347, 2001.
252. Rockman CB, Riles TS, Landis R: Lower extremity paraparesis or paraplegia subsequent to endovascular management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 33(1):178-180, 2001.
253. Garcia ND, Tehrani H, Morasch M, et al: Spinal cord ischemia following endovascular repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Ann Vasc Surg 16(4):509-512, 2002.
254. Reid JA, Mole DJ, Johnston LC, et al: Delayed paraplegia after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 37(6):1322-1323, 2003.
255. Forester ND, Parry D, Kessel D, et al: Ischaemic sciatic neuropathy: An important complication of embolisation of a type II endoleak. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 24(5):462-463, 2002.
256. Van Herzeele I, De Waele JJ, Vermassen F: Translumbar extraperitoneal decompression for abdominal compartment syndrome after endovascular treatment of a ruptured AAA. J Endovasc Ther 10(5):933-935, 2003.
257. Su WT, Stone DH, Lamparello PJ, et al: Gluteal compartment syndrome following elective unilateral internal iliac artery embolization before endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 39(3):672-675, 2004.
258. May J, Schulze K: Successful completion of endoluminal repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm after intraoperative iatrogenic rupture of the aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 30(5):901-906, 1999.
259. Moskowitz DM, Kahn RA, Marin ML, et al: Intraoperative rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm during an endovascular stent-graft procedure. Can J Anaesth 46(9):887-890, 1999.
260. Gambaro E, Abou-Zamzam AM Jr, Teruya TH, et al: Ischemic Colitis following Translumbar Thrombin Injection for Treatment of Endoleak. Ann Vasc Surg 18(1):74-78, 2004.
261. Abou-Zamzam AM Jr, Bianchi C, Mazraany W, et al: Aortoenteric fistula development following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A case report. Ann Vasc Surg 17(2):119-122, 2003.
262. Alankar S, Barth MH, Shin DD, et al: Aortoduodenal fistula and associated rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm after endoluminal stent graft repair. J Vasc Surg 37(2):465-468, 2003.
263. Zarins CK, White RA, Schwarten D, et al: AneuRx stent graft versus open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Multicenter prospective clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 29(2):292-305, 1999.
264. Prinssen M, Buskens E, Blankensteijn JD; DREAM trial participants: Quality of life endovascular and open AAA repair. Results of a randomised trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 27(2):121-127, 2004.
265. Cuypers PW, Buth J: Does endovascular aortic aneurysm repair justify a reduced cardiology work-up? J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 44(3):437-442, 2003.
266. Kertai MD, Klein J, van Urk H, et al: Cardiac complications after elective major vascular surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 47(6):643-654, 2003.
267. Grayburn PA, Hillis LD: Cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: Shifting the paradigm from noninvasive risk stratification to therapy. Ann Intern Med 138(6):506-511, 2003.
268. Eagle KA, Berger PB, Calkins H, et al: ACC/AHA Guideline Update for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery - Executive Summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Anesth Analg 94(5):1052-1064, 2002.
269. Cuypers PW, Gardien M, Buth J, et al: Randomized study comparing cardiac response in endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 88(8):1059-1065, 2001.
270. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Pulmonary Artery Catheterization: Practice guidelines for pulmonary artery catheterization: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Pulmonary Artery Catheterization. Anesthesiology 99(4):988-1014, 2003.
271. Mathes DD, Kern JA: Continuous spinal anesthetic technique for endovascular aortic stent graft surgery. J Clin Anesth 12(6):487-490, 2000.
272. Papazoglou K, Christu K, Iordanides T, et al: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with percutaneous transfemoral prostheses deployment under local anaesthesia. Initial experience with a new, simple-to-use tubular and bifurcated device in the first 27 cases. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 17(3):202-207, 1999.
273. Henretta JP, Hodgson KJ, Mattos MA, et al: Feasibility of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with local anesthesia with intravenous sedation. J Vasc Surg 29(5):793-798, 1999.
274. Cao P, Zannetti S, Parlani G, et al: Epidural anesthesia reduces length of hospitalization after endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 30(4):651-657, 1999.
275. Bettex DA, Lachat M, Pfammatter T, et al: To compare general, epidural and local anaesthesia for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 21(2):179-184, 2001.
276. De Virgilio C, Romero L, Donayre C et al: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with general versus local anesthesia: A comparison of cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality rates. J Vasc Surg 36(5):988-991, 2002.
277. Noel AA, Gloviczki P, Cherry KJ Jr, et al: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: The excessive mortality rate of conventional repair. J Vasc Surg 34(1):41-46, 2001.
278. Van Herzeele I, Vermassen F, Durieux C, et al: Endovascular repair of aortic rupture. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26(3):311-316, 2003.
279. Reichart M, Geelkerken RH, Huisman AB, et al: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Endovascular repair is feasible in 40% of patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26(5):479-486, 2003.
280. Lachat ML, Pfammatter T, Witzke HJ, et al: Endovascular repair with bifurcated stent-grafts under local anaesthesia to improve outcome of ruptured aortoiliac aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 23(6):528-536, 2002.
281. Verhoeven EL, Prins TR, van den Dungen JJ, et al: Endovascular repair of acute AAAs under local anesthesia with bifurcated endografts: A feasibility study. J Endovasc Ther 9(6):729-735, 2002.