A new empirical formula for the aerodynamic roughness of water surface waves

Journal of Oceanography

Volumn 59, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 819-831

  Ueno, Koji ^a   Deushi, Makoto ^b  

^a METEOROLOGICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

^b METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Drag coefficient; Roughness length; Surface tension; Viscosity; Wind waves

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; DRAG COEFFICIENT; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; SURFACE TENSION; VISCOSITY; WIND WAVE;

EID: 0942288984     PISSN: 09168370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000009573.53309.45     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bourassa, M. A., D. G. Vincent and W. L. Wood (1999): A flux parameterisation including the effects of capillary waves and sea state. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1123-1139.
2. Charnock, H. (1955): Wind stress on a water surface. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 81, 639-640.
3. Cheng, Z. and H. Mitsuyasu (1992): Laboratory studies on the surface drift current induced by wind and swell. J. Fluid Mech., 243, 247-259.
4. Donelan, M. A. and W. J. Pierson (1987): Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometory, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4971-5029.
5. Donelan, M. A., F. W. Dobson, S. D. Smith and R. J. Anderson (1993): On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wave development. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2143-2149.
6. Drennan, W. M., K. K. Kahma and M. A. Donelan (1999): On momentum flux and velocity spectra over waves. Bound.- Layer Meteor., 92, 489-515.
7. Eymard, L., G. Caniaux, H. Dupuis, L. Prieur, H. Giordani, R. Troadec, P. Bessemoulin, G. Lachaud, G. Bouhours, D. Bourras, C. Guérin, P. Le Borgne, A. Brisson and A. Marsouin (1999): Surface fluxes in the North Atlantic current during CATCH/FASTEX. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 3563-3599.
8. Honda, T. and H. Mitsuyasu (1980): An experimental study of the action of wind on water surface. Proc. Coastal Eng., JSCE, 27, 90-93 (in Japanese).
9. Janssen, J. A. M. (1997): Does wind stress depend on sea-state or not?-A statistical error analysis of HEXMAX data. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 83, 479-503.
10. Keller, M. R., W. C. Keller and W. J. Plant (1992): A wave tank study of the dependence of X band cross sections on wind speed and water temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5771-5792.
11. Kondo, J., Y. Fujinawa and G. Naito (1973): High-frequency components of ocean waves and their relation to the acrodynamic roughness. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 197-202.
12. Kudryavtsev, V. N. and V. K. Makin (2001): The impact of air-flow separation on the drag of the sea surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 98, 155-171.
13. Kunihi, H. and N. Imasato (1966): On the growth of wind waves in high-speed wind flume. Annuals, Disast. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 9, 667-676.
14. Kusaba, T. and A. Masuda (1988): The roughness height and drag law over the water surface on the hypothesis of local equilibrium. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 44, 200-214.
15. Lleonart, G. T. and D. R. Blackman (1980): The spectral characteristics of wind-generated capillary waves. J. Fluid Mech., 97, 455-479.
16. Makin, V. K. and V. N. Kudryavtsev (1999): Coupled sea surface-atmospheric model, 1. Wind over waves coupling. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7613-7623.
17. Makin, V. K., V. N. Kudryavtsev and C. Mastenbroek (1995): Drag of the sea surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 73, 159-182.
18. Masuda, A. and T. Kusaba (1987): On the local equilibrium of winds and wind-waves in relation to surface drag. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 43, 28-36.
19. Mitsuyasu, H. and T. Honda (1992): Wind-induced growth of water waves. J. Fluid Mech., 123, 425-442.
20. Stewart, R. W. (1974): The air-sea momentum exchange. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 6, 151-167.
21. Taylor, P. K. and M. J. Yelland (2001): The dependence of sea surface roughness on the height and steepness of the waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 572-590.
22. Toba, Y. (1972): Local balance in the air-sea boundary processes, I. On the growth process of wind waves. J. Oceonogr. Soc. Japan. 28. 109-121.
23. Toba, Y. (1979): Study on wind waves as a strongly nonlinear phenomenon. Twelfth Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics, Natl. Acad. of Sci., Washington, D.C., 529-540.
24. Toba, Y. and N. Ebuchi (1991): Sea-surface roughness length fluctuating in concert with wind and waves. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 47, 63-79.
25. Toba, Y. and M. Koga (1986): A parameter describing overall conditions of wave breaking, whitecapping, sea-spray production and wind stress. p. 37-47. In Oceanic Whitecaps, ed. by E. C. Manahan and G. Mac, Niocail, Reidel, Dordrecht.
26. Toba, Y., N. Iida, H. Kawamura, N. Ebuchi and I. S. F. Jones (1990): Wave dependence of sea-surface wind stress. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 705-721.
27. Vickers, D. and L. Mahrt (1997): Fetch limited drag coefficients. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 85, 53-79.
28. Wu, J. (1968): Laboratory studies of wind-wave interactions. J. Fluid Mech., 34, 91-111.
29. Wu, J. (1980): Wind-stress coefficient over sea surface near neutral conditions-a revisit. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 727-740.
30. Yelland, M. and P. K. Taylor (1996): Wind stress measurements from the open ocean. J. Phys. Oceonogr., 26, 541-558.
31. Yelland, M. J., B. I. Moat, P. K. Taylor, R. W. Pascal, J. Hutchings and V. C. Cornell (1998): Wind stress measurements from the open ocean corrected for airflow distortion by the ship. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1511-1526.