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Traction spica cast for femoral-shaft fractures in children
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Gracilla RV, Diaz HM, Penaranda NR, et al.: Traction spica cast for femoral-shaft fractures in children. Int Orthop 2003, 27:145-148. This series reports on the reliability of treating young children in traction followed by early spica casting, and summarizes technical points.
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Gracilla, R.V.1
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Buckley SL: Current trends in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents. Clin Orthop 1997:60-73.
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Pollak AN, Cooperman DR, Thompson GH: Spica cast treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children: the prognostic value of the mechanism of injury. J Trauma 1994, 37:223-229.
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Social and economic benefits of flexible intramedullary nails in the treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures
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Greisberg J, Bliss MJ, Eberson CP, et al.: Social and economic benefits of flexible intramedullary nails in the treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. Orthopedics 2002, 25:1067-1070. This is a key study, analyzing the social and economic benefits of titanium nail fixation. One of several studies responsible for quantifying the social effects of surgical intervention of femoral shaft fractures to begin a paradigm shift of treatment.
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Greisberg, J.1
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Flexible intramedullary nailing as fracture treatment in children
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Huber RI, Keller HW, Huber PM, et al.: Flexible intramedullary nailing as fracture treatment in children. J Pediatr Orthop 1996, 16:602-605.
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Huber, R.I.1
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11
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0036287758
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Mechanical properties of different combinations of flexible nails in a model of a pediatric femoral fracture
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Kiely N: Mechanical properties of different combinations of flexible nails in a model of a pediatric femoral fracture. J Pediatr Orthop 2002, 22:424-427. A biomechanical study that discusses the stability of different nail configurations and the clinical correlations.
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Kiely, N.1
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12
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Fixation technique influences osteogenesis of comminuted fractures
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Claes L, Heitemeyer U, Krischak G, et al.: Fixation technique influences osteogenesis of comminuted fractures. Clin Orthop 1999, 42:221-229.
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Claes, L.1
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13
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Immediate percutaneous intramedullary fixation and functional bracing for the treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fracture
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Ozdemir HM, Yensel U, Senaran H, et al.: Immediate percutaneous intramedullary fixation and functional bracing for the treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fracture. J Pediatr Orthop 2003, 23:453-457. This series of 53 patients is a comprehensive outcome study using titanium flexible nails. An important clinical series to validate use of these devices. These authors emphasized early weight-bearing, short hospitalization, and a low complication rate.
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J Pediatr Orthop
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Ozdemir, H.M.1
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14
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Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children
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Ligier JN, Metaizeau JP, Prevot J, et al.: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988, 70:74-77.
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Titanium elastic nails for pediatric femur fractures: A multicenter study of early results with analysis of complications
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Flynn JM, Hresko T, Reynolds RA, et al.: Titanium elastic nails for pediatric femur fractures: a multicenter study of early results with analysis of complications. J Pediatr Orthop 2001, 21:4-8.
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Flynn, J.M.1
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16
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Luhmann SJ, Schootman M, Schoenecker PL, et al.: Complications of titanium elastic nails for pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 2003, 23:443-447. A successful clinical series using flexible nails that allowed early mobilization and short and hospitalization. A thorough review of treatment alternatives is described.
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Luhmann, S.J.1
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17
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External fixation or flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children: A prospective, randomised study
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Bar-On E, Sagiv S, Porat S: External fixation or flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children: a prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1997;79B:975-978.
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Ender nail fixation of pediatric femur fractures: A biomechanical analysis
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Lee SS, Mahar AT, Newton PO: Ender nail fixation of pediatric femur fractures: a biomechanical analysis. J Pediatr Orthop 2001, 21:442-445.
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Lee, S.S.1
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19
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Comparison of dynamic versus static external fixation for pediatric femur fractures
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Domb BG, Sponseller PD, Ain M, et al.: Comparison of dynamic versus static external fixation for pediatric femur fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 2002, 22:428-430. An important prospective study of external fixation of femoral shaft fractures. These authors provide a good review of external fixation, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of early dynamization.
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J Pediatr Orthop
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Domb, B.G.1
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Hedin H, Hjorth K, Rehnberg L, et al.: External fixation of displaced femoral shaft fractures in children: a consecutive study of 98 fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2003, 17:250-256. A key prospective analysis of external fixation. Although this technique produced satisfactory results in this series, these authors highlighted the high complication rate, including refracture and loss of reduction.
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Hedin, H.1
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22
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Skaggs DL, Leet AI, Money MD, et al.: Secondary fractures associated with external fixation in pediatric femur fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 1999, 19:582-586.
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Open reduction and plate fixation of femoral shaft fractures in children aged 4 to 10
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Eren OT, Kucukkaya M, Kockesen C, et al.: Open reduction and plate fixation of femoral shaft fractures in children aged 4 to 10. J Pediatr Orthop 2003, 23:190-193. An important study of the results of 46 fractures treated with plate fixation, in which alternatives are discussed. Although this series resulted in adequate outcomes, these authors acknowledge the potential risks after plate removal and resulting large scar.
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J Pediatr Orthop
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Sanders JO, Browne RH, Mooney JF, et al.: Treatment of femoral fractures in children by pediatric orthopedists: results of a 1998 survey. J Pediatr Orthop 2001, 21:436-441.
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Compression plating of pediatric femoral shaft fractures
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Caird MS, Mueller KA, Puryear A, et al.: Compression plating of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 2003, 23:448-452. This is the largest series of compression plate fixation to date. The authors reviewed 60 fractures, and the comprehensive outcome variables analyzed make this a unique study.
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Caird, M.S.1
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Fyodorov I, Sturm PF, Robertson WW Jr: Compression-plate fixation of femoral shaft fractures in children aged 8 to 12 years. J Pediatr Orthop 1999, 19:578-581.
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Agus H, Kalenderer O, Eryanilmaz G, et al.: Biological internal fixation of comminuted femur shaft fractures by bridge plating in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2003, 23:184-189. A newer method of internal fixation that may be applied percutaneously was thoroughly reviewed and applied successfully to femoral shaft fractures in children.
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J Pediatr Orthop
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Agus, H.1
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Perren SM: Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: the scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002, 84:1093-1110. A landmark review by the international authority on plate fixation. The theory and biomechanical basis of this increasingly popular fixation method is discussed in depth.
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J Bone Joint Surg Br
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Perren, S.M.1
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Letts M, Jarvis J, Lawton L, et al.: Complications of rigid intramedullary rodding of femoral shaft fractures in children. J Trauma 2002, 52:504-516. A thorough review of intramedullary rod fixation in adolescents and the successful results in 54 patients. It is important to be aware of this review of all possible complications when treating patients in this age group.
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Beaty JH, Austin SM, Warner WC, et al.: Interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral-shaft fractures in adolescents: preliminary results and complications. J Pediatr Orthop 1994, 14:178-183.
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