메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 85-106

A structural analysis of working memory and related cognitive skills in young children

Author keywords

Central executive; Episodic buffer; Phonological awareness; Phonological loop; Working memory

Indexed keywords


EID: 0742306713     PISSN: 00220965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2003.10.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (427)

References (92)
  • 4
    • 0034333066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?
    • Baddeley A.D. The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 2000 417-422
    • (2000) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 417-422
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 9
    • 0001681238 scopus 로고
    • Spatial working memory
    • R. S. Nickerson (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc
    • Baddeley A.D. Lieberman K. Spatial working memory In Nickerson R.S. (Ed.), Attention and performance VIII 1980 521-539 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc Hillsdale, NJ
    • (1980) Attention and Performance VIII , pp. 521-539
    • Baddeley, A.D.1    Lieberman, K.2
  • 11
    • 0036238133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prose recall and amnesia: Implications for the structure of working memory
    • Baddeley A.D. Wilson B.A. Prose recall and amnesia: Implications for the structure of working memory Neuropsychologia 40 2002 1737-1743
    • (2002) Neuropsychologia , vol.40 , pp. 1737-1743
    • Baddeley, A.D.1    Wilson, B.A.2
  • 12
    • 0025397298 scopus 로고
    • Comparative fit indexes in structural models
    • Bentler P.M. Comparative fit indexes in structural models Psychological Bulletin 107 1990 238-246
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 238-246
    • Bentler, P.M.1
  • 13
    • 26444479064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EQS structural equation modelling software
    • (version 6.0) [Computer software]. USA: mvsoft
    • Bentler, P. M. (2001). EQS structural equation modelling software (version 6.0) [Computer software]. USA: mvsoft
    • (2001)
    • Bentler, P.M.1
  • 14
    • 4243159210 scopus 로고
    • Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures
    • Bentler P.M. Bonett D.G. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures Psychological Bulletin 88 1980 588-606
    • (1980) Psychological Bulletin , vol.88 , pp. 588-606
    • Bentler, P.M.1    Bonett, D.G.2
  • 18
    • 21444456764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the association between phonological memory and receptive vocabulary in five-year-olds
    • Bowey J.A. On the association between phonological memory and receptive vocabulary in five-year-olds Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 63 1996 44-78
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 44-78
    • Bowey, J.A.1
  • 19
    • 0020700815 scopus 로고
    • Categorizing sound and learning to read - A causal connection
    • Bradley L. Bryant P.E. Categorizing sound and learning to read-A causal connection Nature 301 1983 419-421
    • (1983) Nature , vol.301 , pp. 419-421
    • Bradley, L.1    Bryant, P.E.2
  • 21
    • 0035188245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functioning as a predictor of children's mathematics ability: Inhibition, task switching, and working memory
    • Bull R. Scerif G. Executive functioning as a predictor of children's mathematics ability: Inhibition, task switching, and working memory Developmental Neuropsychology 19 2001 273-293
    • (2001) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.19 , pp. 273-293
    • Bull, R.1    Scerif, G.2
  • 22
    • 0002266687 scopus 로고
    • Recognition of phoneme invariance by beginning readers: Confounding effects of global similarity
    • Byrne B. Fielding-Barnsley R. Recognition of phoneme invariance by beginning readers: Confounding effects of global similarity Reading and Writing 6 1993 315-324
    • (1993) Reading and Writing , vol.6 , pp. 315-324
    • Byrne, B.1    Fielding-Barnsley, R.2
  • 23
    • 0036204345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence
    • Conway A.R.A. Cowan N. Bunting M.F. Therriault D.J. Minkoff S.R.B. A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence Intelligence 30 2002 163-183
    • (2002) Intelligence , vol.30 , pp. 163-183
    • Conway, A.R.A.1    Cowan, N.2    Bunting, M.F.3    Therriault, D.J.4    Minkoff, S.R.B.5
  • 24
    • 0024078314 scopus 로고
    • Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information processing system
    • Cowan N. Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information processing system Psychological Bulletin 104 1988 163-191
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 163-191
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 26
    • 0001784015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of working memory
    • N. Cowan (Ed.), Hove: Psychology Press
    • Cowan N. The development of working memory In Cowan N. (Ed.), The development of memory in childhood 1997 163-200 Psychology Press Hove
    • (1997) The Development of Memory in Childhood , pp. 163-200
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 33
    • 0010074764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of phonological memory, word recognition, and comprehension skills in reading development: From preschool to grade 2
    • Dufva M. Niemi P. Voeten M.J.M. The role of phonological memory, word recognition, and comprehension skills in reading development: From preschool to grade 2 Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14 2001 91-117
    • (2001) Reading and Writing: an Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.14 , pp. 91-117
    • Dufva, M.1    Niemi, P.2    Voeten, M.J.M.3
  • 34
    • 0001280128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex
    • A. Miyake, & P. Shah (Eds.), New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • Engle R.W. Kane M.J. Tuholski S.W. Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex In Miyake A. Shah P. (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control 1999 102-134 Cambridge Univ. Press New York
    • (1999) Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control , pp. 102-134
    • Engle, R.W.1    Kane, M.J.2    Tuholski, S.W.3
  • 36
    • 0034747157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-of-acquisition, word frequency and neighbourhood density effects on the development of spoken word recognition and phoneme awareness
    • Garlock V.M. Walley A.C. Metsala J.L. Age-of-acquisition, word frequency and neighbourhood density effects on the development of spoken word recognition and phoneme awareness Journal of Memory and Language 45 2001 468-492
    • (2001) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.45 , pp. 468-492
    • Garlock, V.M.1    Walley, A.C.2    Metsala, J.L.3
  • 37
    • 0003501335 scopus 로고
    • Working memory and language
    • Hove: LEA
    • Gathercole S. Baddeley A. Working memory and language 1993 LEA Hove
    • (1993)
    • Gathercole, S.1    Baddeley, A.2
  • 38
    • 0003799484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The children's test of nonword repetition
    • London: Psychological Corp
    • Gathercole S.E. Baddeley A.D. The children's test of nonword repetition 1996 Psychological Corp London
    • (1996)
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Baddeley, A.D.2
  • 39
    • 84978320685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory assessments at school entry as longitudinal predictors of national curriculum attainment levels
    • Gathercole S.E. Brown L. Pickering S.J. Working memory assessments at school entry as longitudinal predictors of national curriculum attainment levels Educational and Child Psychology 20 2003 109-122
    • (2003) Educational and Child Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 109-122
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Brown, L.2    Pickering, S.J.3
  • 42
    • 85004911417 scopus 로고
    • Differentiating phonological memory and awareness of rhyme: Reading and vocabulary development in children
    • Gathercole S.E. Willis C. Baddeley A.D. Differentiating phonological memory and awareness of rhyme: Reading and vocabulary development in children British Journal of Psychology 82 1991 387-406
    • (1991) British Journal of Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 387-406
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Willis, C.2    Baddeley, A.D.3
  • 44
    • 85047682334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of exception word and nonword reading in dyslexic children: The severity hypothesis
    • Griffiths Y.M. Snowling M.J. Predictors of exception word and nonword reading in dyslexic children: The severity hypothesis Journal of Educational Psychology 94 2002 34-43
    • (2002) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 34-43
    • Griffiths, Y.M.1    Snowling, M.J.2
  • 45
    • 0001609647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of phonological and semantic short-term memory to sentence processing: Evidence from two cases of closed head injury in children
    • Hanten G. Martin R. Contributions of phonological and semantic short-term memory to sentence processing: Evidence from two cases of closed head injury in children Journal of Memory and Language 43 2000 335-361
    • (2000) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.43 , pp. 335-361
    • Hanten, G.1    Martin, R.2
  • 46
    • 0035377229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations between phonological processing abilities and emerging individual differences in mathematical computation skills: A longitudinal study from second to fifth grade
    • Hecht S.A. Torgesen J.K. Wagner R.K. Rashotte C.A. The relations between phonological processing abilities and emerging individual differences in mathematical computation skills: A longitudinal study from second to fifth grade Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 79 2001 192-227
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 192-227
    • Hecht, S.A.1    Torgesen, J.K.2    Wagner, R.K.3    Rashotte, C.A.4
  • 47
    • 0002527190 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in output phonology: An explanation of reading failure?
    • Hulme C. Snowling M.J. Deficits in output phonology: An explanation of reading failure? Cognitive Neuropsychology 9 1992 47-72
    • (1992) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.9 , pp. 47-72
    • Hulme, C.1    Snowling, M.J.2
  • 49
    • 85055991883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal and non-verbal working memory and achievements on national curriculum tests at 11 and 14 years of age
    • Jarvis H.L. Gathercole S.E. Verbal and non-verbal working memory and achievements on national curriculum tests at 11 and 14 years of age Educational and Child Psychology 20 2003 123-140
    • (2003) Educational and Child Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 123-140
    • Jarvis, H.L.1    Gathercole, S.E.2
  • 50
    • 0026451760 scopus 로고
    • A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory
    • Just M.A. Carpenter P.A. A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory Psychological Review 99 1992 122-149
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 122-149
    • Just, M.A.1    Carpenter, P.A.2
  • 51
    • 0036835255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental change in proactive interference
    • Kail R. Developmental change in proactive interference Child Development 73 2002 1703-1714
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1703-1714
    • Kail, R.1
  • 52
    • 0035711616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing short-term memory from working memory
    • Kail R. Hall L.K. Distinguishing short-term memory from working memory Memory & Cognition 29 2001 1-9
    • (2001) Memory & Cognition , vol.29 , pp. 1-9
    • Kail, R.1    Hall, L.K.2
  • 56
    • 58149207085 scopus 로고
    • Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
    • Kyllonen P.C. Christal R.E. Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?! Intelligence 14 1990 389-433
    • (1990) Intelligence , vol.14 , pp. 389-433
    • Kyllonen, P.C.1    Christal, R.E.2
  • 57
    • 0028487209 scopus 로고
    • Working memory span and phonological awareness tasks as predictors of early reading ability
    • Leather C.V. Henry L.A. Working memory span and phonological awareness tasks as predictors of early reading ability Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 58 1994 88-111
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 88-111
    • Leather, C.V.1    Henry, L.A.2
  • 58
    • 0001102934 scopus 로고
    • Phonetic segmentation and recoding in the beginning reader
    • A. S. Reberm, & D. L. Scarborough (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Liberman I.Y. Shankweiler D. Liberman A.M. Fowler C. Fischer F. Phonetic segmentation and recoding in the beginning reader In Reberm A.S. Scarborough D.L. (Eds.), Toward a psychology of reading 1977 207-225 Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ
    • (1977) Toward a Psychology of Reading , pp. 207-225
    • Liberman, I.Y.1    Shankweiler, D.2    Liberman, A.M.3    Fowler, C.4    Fischer, F.5
  • 59
    • 0026464352 scopus 로고
    • Working memory constraints on the processing of syntactic ambiguity
    • MacDonald M.C. Just M.A. Carpenter P.A. Working memory constraints on the processing of syntactic ambiguity Cognitive Psychology 24 1992 56-98
    • (1992) Cognitive Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 56-98
    • MacDonald, M.C.1    Just, M.A.2    Carpenter, P.A.3
  • 60
    • 0021693904 scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness and verbal short term memory: Can they presage early reading problems?
    • Mann V.A. Liberman I.Y. Phonological awareness and verbal short term memory: Can they presage early reading problems? Journal of Learning Disabilities 17 1984 592-599
    • (1984) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.17 , pp. 592-599
    • Mann, V.A.1    Liberman, I.Y.2
  • 61
    • 0001239338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independence of input and output phonology in word processing and short-term memory
    • Martin R. Lesch M. Bartha M. Independence of input and output phonology in word processing and short-term memory Journal of Memory and Language 41 1999 3-29
    • (1999) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.41 , pp. 3-29
    • Martin, R.1    Lesch, M.2    Bartha, M.3
  • 62
    • 0034134360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudoname learning by German-speaking children with dyslexia: Evidence for a phonological learning deficit
    • Mayringer H. Wimmer H. Pseudoname learning by German-speaking children with dyslexia: Evidence for a phonological learning deficit Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 75 2000 116-133
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 116-133
    • Mayringer, H.1    Wimmer, H.2
  • 63
    • 0023615125 scopus 로고
    • The double dissociation of short-term memory for lists and sentences
    • McCarthy R.A. Warrington E.K. The double dissociation of short-term memory for lists and sentences Brain 110 1987 1545-1563
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , pp. 1545-1563
    • McCarthy, R.A.1    Warrington, E.K.2
  • 64
    • 85047669360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses
    • McDonald R.P. Ho R.M. Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses Psychological Methods 7 2002 64-82
    • (2002) Psychological Methods , vol.7 , pp. 64-82
    • McDonald, R.P.1    Ho, R.M.2
  • 65
    • 0033238862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of phonemic awareness in reading disabled children
    • Metsala J.L. The development of phonemic awareness in reading disabled children Applied Psycholinguistics 20 1999 149-158
    • (1999) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.20 , pp. 149-158
    • Metsala, J.L.1
  • 66
    • 0033642238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of executive functions in clinical settings: Problems and recommendations
    • Miyake A. Emerson M.J. Friedman N.P. Assessment of executive functions in clinical settings: Problems and recommendations Seminars in Speech and Language 21 2000 169-183
    • (2000) Seminars in Speech and Language , vol.21 , pp. 169-183
    • Miyake, A.1    Emerson, M.J.2    Friedman, N.P.3
  • 67
    • 84936202158 scopus 로고
    • The relationships between segmental analysis and alphabetic literacy - An interactive view
    • Morais J. Alegria J. Content A. The relationships between segmental analysis and alphabetic literacy - An interactive view Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive 7 1987 415-438
    • (1987) Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive , vol.7 , pp. 415-438
    • Morais, J.1    Alegria, J.2    Content, A.3
  • 70
    • 0000448975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent and longitudinal predictors of reading: The role of mentalinguistic and short-term memory skills
    • Muter V. Snowling M.J. Concurrent and longitudinal predictors of reading: The role of mentalinguistic and short-term memory skills Reading Research Quarterly 33 1998 320-337
    • (1998) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.33 , pp. 320-337
    • Muter, V.1    Snowling, M.J.2
  • 72
    • 0034134355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between phonological awareness and working memory
    • Oakhill J. Kyle F. The relation between phonological awareness and working memory Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 75 2000 152-164
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 152-164
    • Oakhill, J.1    Kyle, F.2
  • 73
    • 0035458348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory, working memory, and inhibitory control in children with difficulties in arithmetic problem solving
    • Passolunghi M.C. Siegel L.S. Short-term memory, working memory, and inhibitory control in children with difficulties in arithmetic problem solving Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 80 2001 44-57
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 44-57
    • Passolunghi, M.C.1    Siegel, L.S.2
  • 74
    • 85004720997 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic segmentation and spelling
    • Perin D. Phonemic segmentation and spelling British Journal of Psychology 74 1983 129-144
    • (1983) British Journal of Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 129-144
    • Perin, D.1
  • 76
    • 0010693682 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration in the short-term recall of sentences
    • Potter M. Lombardi L. Regeneration in the short-term recall of sentences Journal of Memory and Language 29 1990 633-654
    • (1990) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.29 , pp. 633-654
    • Potter, M.1    Lombardi, L.2
  • 78
    • 0030094120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach
    • Shah P. Miyake A. The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 125 1996 4-27
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.125 , pp. 4-27
    • Shah, P.1    Miyake, A.2
  • 79
    • 58149373255 scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory processes in children with reading and arithmetic learning disabilities
    • Siegal L.S. Linder B.A. Short-term memory processes in children with reading and arithmetic learning disabilities Developmental Psychology 20 1984 200-207
    • (1984) Developmental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 200-207
    • Siegal, L.S.1    Linder, B.A.2
  • 80
    • 0024711985 scopus 로고
    • The development of working memory in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children
    • Siegal L.S. Ryan E.B. The development of working memory in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children Child Development 60 1989 973-980
    • (1989) Child Development , vol.60 , pp. 973-980
    • Siegal, L.S.1    Ryan, E.B.2
  • 82
    • 0028064191 scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory and working memory: Do both contribute to our understanding of academic achievement in children and adults with learning disabilities?
    • Swanson H.L. Short-term memory and working memory: Do both contribute to our understanding of academic achievement in children and adults with learning disabilities? Journal of Learning Disabilities 27 1994 34-50
    • (1994) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.27 , pp. 34-50
    • Swanson, H.L.1
  • 84
    • 0000194210 scopus 로고
    • Segmental analysis: Development and relation to reading ability
    • G. C. MacKinnon, & T. G. Waller (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • Treiman R. Baron J. Segmental analysis: Development and relation to reading ability In MacKinnon G.C. Waller T.G. (Eds.), Reading research: Advances in theory and practice Vol. III 1981 159-197 Academic Press New York
    • (1981) Reading Research: Advances in Theory and Practice , vol.3 , pp. 159-197
    • Treiman, R.1    Baron, J.2
  • 85
    • 84936526442 scopus 로고
    • Phonological short-term store, phonological processing and sentence comprehension: A neuropsychological case study
    • Vallar G. Baddeley A.D. Phonological short-term store, phonological processing and sentence comprehension: A neuropsychological case study Cognitive Neuropsychology 1 1984 121-141
    • (1984) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.1 , pp. 121-141
    • Vallar, G.1    Baddeley, A.D.2
  • 86
    • 58149370819 scopus 로고
    • The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills
    • Wagner R.K. Torgesen J. The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills Psychological Bulletin 101 1987 192-212
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 192-212
    • Wagner, R.K.1    Torgesen, J.2
  • 88
    • 0742319965 scopus 로고
    • Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bi-directional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study
    • Wagner R.K. Torgesen J.K. Rashotte C. Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bi-directional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study Journal of Educational Psychology 85 1994 83-103
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 83-103
    • Wagner, R.K.1    Torgesen, J.K.2    Rashotte, C.3
  • 89
    • 0031136030 scopus 로고
    • Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: A 5-year longitudinal study
    • Wagner R.K. Torgesen J.K. Rashotte C.A. Hecht S.A. Barker T.A. Burgess S.R. et al. Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: A 5-year longitudinal study Developmental Psychology 33 1987 468-479
    • (1987) Developmental Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 468-479
    • Wagner, R.K.1    Torgesen, J.K.2    Rashotte, C.A.3    Hecht, S.A.4    Barker, T.A.5    Burgess, S.R.6
  • 91
    • 0034827605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological short-term memory contributions to sentence processing in young children
    • Willis C.S. Gathercole S.E. Phonological short-term memory contributions to sentence processing in young children Memory 9 2000 349-363
    • (2000) Memory , vol.9 , pp. 349-363
    • Willis, C.S.1    Gathercole, S.E.2
  • 92
    • 0035491583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between paired associate learning and phonological skills in normally developing readers
    • Windfuhr K.L. Snowling M.J. The relationship between paired associate learning and phonological skills in normally developing readers Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 80 2001 160-173
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 160-173
    • Windfuhr, K.L.1    Snowling, M.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.