Britannia waived the rules: The major government and the 1994 Rwandan genocide

African Affairs

Volumn 103, Issue 410, 2004, Pages 1-22

  Melvern, Linda ^a   Williams, Paul ^b  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOREIGN POLICY; GENOCIDE; POLITICAL HISTORY; POLITICAL VIOLENCE;

AFRICA; CENTRAL AFRICA; EURASIA; EUROPE; RWANDA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 0442312376     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adh002     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Mark Curtis, The Ambiguities of Power (Zed Books, London, 1995)
2. The Web of Deceit: Britain's real role in the world (Vintage, London, 2003).
3. Douglas Hurd's 'Prospects for Africa in the 1990s' in Human Rights in Foreign Policy (Foreign Policy Document No. 215, FCO Human Rights Unit, London), Appendix F.
4. William Wallace, 'Foreign policy', in Dennis Kavanagh and Anthony Seldon (eds), The Major Effect (Macmillan, London, 1994), pp. 283-300.
5. Brendan Simms, Unfinest Hour: Britain and the destruction of Bosnia (Penguin, London, 2001).
6. David Styan, 'Does Britain have an African policy?', L'Afrique politique (Centre d'Etude d'Afrique noire, Bordeaux, 1996), pp. 261-86.
7. Linda Melvern, A People Betrayed: The role of the West in Rwanda's genocide (Zed Books, London, 2000), p. 230.
8. Linda Melvern, 'Death by diplomacy', The Scotsman, 4 January 1995.
9. Bruce D. Jones, Peacemaking in Rwanda: The dynamics of failure (Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO, 2001).
10. Linda Melvern, The Ultimate Crime. Who betrayed the UN and why (Allison and Busby, London, 1995), p. 21.
11. Douglas Hurd, 'Why the UN is more important to the world than ever', Evening Standard, 20 June 1994.
12. Gérard Prunier, 'The Rwandan Patriotic Front' in Christopher Clapham (ed.), African Guerrillas (James Currey, Oxford, 1998), pp. 119-33.
13. Paul Williams, 'Britain and Africa after the Cold War: Beyond damage limitation?' in Ian Taylor and Paul Williams (eds), Africa in International politics (Routledge, London, forthcoming, 2004).
14. Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a genocide (Hurst, London, 1998), p. 267.
15. Linda Melvern, 'The UN and Rwanda', London Review of Books, 12 December 1996.
16. Linda Melvern, Conspiracy to Murder. Planning Rwanda's Genocide (Verso, London, forthcoming, 2004).
17. Michael Barnett, Eye Witness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2002), p. 145.
18. Douglas Hurd, 'Why foreign policy cannot be dictated by blind emotion', Evening Standard, 16 July 1996.
19. Hugh Hanning, Britain Can Lead The Way to World Order, ISIS Briefing Paper No. 65. (London, October 1997), p. 6.
20. The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda experience, Study 3: Humanitarian Aid and Effects (DANIDA, Copenhagen, 1996), chap. 3.6.
21. 'Aid: into Africa', The Economist, 24 February 2001, p. 35.
22. John Major, John Major: The autobiography (Harper Collins, London, 1999).
23. Nicholas Watt, 'The rebirth of John', The Guardian, G2, 2 August 2002, p. 4.
24. Malcolm Rifkind, 'The principles and practice of British foreign policy', speech to Chatham House, London, 21 May 1995.
25. The Economist, 'Wretched Rwanda', 7 May 1994, p. 15.
26. Mark Curtis, 'Britain's bit part in Rwanda's tragedy', Africa Analysis, 27 (January 1995), p. 25;
27. The Great Deception: Anglo-American power and world order (Pluto Press, London, 1998);
28. Eric Herring, 'Wiping the state clean? How British IR academia can contribute to emancipatory practice in world politics', unpublished paper, 2001.
29. Dennis Kavanagh and Anthony Seldon (eds), The Major Effect (London, Macmillan, 1994).
30. Linda Melvern, 'Death by diplomacy', The Scotsman (January 1995)
31. 'The UN and Rwanda', London Review of Books (December 1996)
32. 'Missing the story: The media and the Rwandan genocide', Contemporary Security Policy 22, 3 (2001), pp. 91-106;
33. 'Is anyone interested in Rwanda?' British Journalism Review 12, 2 (2001), pp. 52-58.
34. Douglas Hogg, Hansard (Commons), 19 May 1994, Written Answers, col. 553.
35. Britain and UN Peacekeeping (FCO Background Brief, London, June 1994).
36. Royal United Services Institute, Documents on British Foreign and Security Policy: Vol. 1: 1995-1997 (Stationery Office, London, 1998), p. 1039.
37. Peter Uvin, Aiding Violence: The development enterprise in Rwanda (Kumarian Press, West Hartford, CT, 1998), p. 3.
38. 'Men without shells', The Economist, 18 June 1994, p. 15.
39. John Major, Hansard (Commons), 17 May 1994, Oral Answers, col. 672;
40. Baroness Chalker, Hansard (Lords), 19 May 1994, cols 353 and 354;
41. Mark Lennox-Boyd, Hansard (Commons), 23 May 1994, Oral Answers, col. 17;
42. Douglas Hurd (15 June 1994) respectively, cited in Curtis, The Great Deception, p. 212,
43. Richard Dowden, 'Delay, and they die', The Observer, 10 November 1996.
44. Mark Lennox-Boyd, Hansard (Commons), Written Answers, 20 July 1994, col. 333.
45. .
46. www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/interviews/woods.html
47. David Hannay, 'The UN - mission imposible', Prospect, (February 1996), p. 77.
48. Daniela Kroslak, 'The Responsibility of External Bystanders in Cases of Genocide: The French in Rwanda, 1990-1994' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 2002).
49. Colin McInnes, 'Labour's strategic defence review', International Affairs, 74 (1998), pp. 824-7.
50. Douglas Hurd, Hansard (Commons), 23 February 1993, cols. 784-5.
51. House of Commons Defence Committee, United Kingdom peacekeeping and intervention forces. Session 1992-93, 4th Report (London: House of Commons paper 369, 1993).
52. Paul Rogers, 'It can't be too late for the West to get its act together', The Observer, 31 July 1994
53. Baroness Chalker of Wallasey, letter to Lord Avebury, 14 May 1994, reproduced in Genocide in Rwanda (Africa Research Information Centre, London, no date), p. 67.