Efficient kernel density estimation using the fast Gauss transform with applications to color modeling and tracking

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Volumn 25, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 1499-1504

  Elgammal, Ahmed ^a   Duraiswami, Ramani ^b   Davis, Larry S ^b  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Color modeling; Fast Gauss transform; Kernel density estimation; Statistical methods; Tracking

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING; COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; STATISTICAL METHODS; TRACKING (POSITION);

COLOR MODELING; FAST GAUSSIAN TRANSFORM; KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATION;

COMPUTER VISION;

EID: 0442312138     PISSN: 01628828     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1240123     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. R.O. Duda, D.G. Stork, and P.E. Hart, Pattern Classification. Wiley, John & Sons, 2000.
2. D.W. Scott, Multivariate Density Estimation. Wiley-Interscience, 1992.
3. L. Greengard, The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988.
4. L. Greengard and J. Strain, "The Fast Gauss Transform," SIAM J. Scientific Computing, 2 pp. 79-94, 1991.
5. C.G. Lambert, S.E. Harrington, and C.R. Harvey, A. Glodjo, "Efficient On-Line Nonparametric Kernel Density Estimation," Algorithmica, no. 25, pp. 37-57, 1999.
6. J. Strain, "The Fast Gauss Transform with Variable Scales," SIAM J. Scientific Computing, vol. 12, pp. 1131-1139, 1991.
7. A. Elgammal, R. Duraiswami, and L.S. Davis, "Efficient Computation of Kernel Density Estimation Using Fast Gauss Transform with Applications for Segmentation and Tracking," Proc. IEEE Second Int'l Workshop Statistical and Computational Theories of Vision, July 2001.
8. L. Greengard and X. Sun, "A New Version of the Fast Gauss Transform," Documenta Mathematica, Extra Volume ICM, vol. III, pp. 575-584, 1998.
9. C.R. Wern, A. Azarbayejani, T. Darrell, and A.P. Pentland, "Pfinder: Real-Time Tracking of Human Body," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 7, July 1997.
10. D. Comaniciu, V. Ramesh, and P. Meer, "Real-Time Tracking of Non-Rigid Objects Using Mean Shift," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 142-149, June 2000.
11. Y. Raja, S.J. Mckenna, and S. Gong, "Tracking Colour Objects Using Adaptive Mixture Models," Image Vision Computing, no. 17, pp. 225-231, 1999.
12. P. Fieguth and D. Terzopoulos, "Color-Based Tracking of Heads and Other Objects at Video Frame Rates," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 1997.
13. S. Birchfield, "Elliptical Head Tracking Using Intensity Gradients and Color Histograms," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 1998.
14. Y. Raja, S.J. Mckenna, and S. Gong, "Colour Model Selection and Adaptation in Dynamic Scenes," Proc. Fifth European Conf. Computer Vision, 1998.
15. J. Martin, V. Devin, and J.L. Crowley, "Active Hand Tracking," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 1998.
16. S.J. McKenna, S. Jabri, Z. Duric, and A. Rosenfeld, "Tracking Groups of People," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, no. 80, pp. 42-56, 2000.
17. M.J. Jones and J. M. Rehg, "Statistical Color Models with Application to Skin Detection," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1999.
18. A. Elgammal and L.S. Davis, "Probabilistic Framework for Segmenting People under Occlusion," Proc. IEEE Eighth Int'l Conf. Computer Vision, 2001.
19. A. Elgammal, R. Duraiswami, and L.S. Davis, "Efficient Non-Parametric Adaptive Color Modeling Using Fast Gauss Transform," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Dec. 2001.
20. Y. Cheng, "Mean Shift, Mode Seeking, and Clustering," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 790-799, Aug. 1995.
21. Y. Cheng and K.S. Fu, "Conceptual Clustering in Knowledge Organization," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 7, pp. 592-598, 1985.
22. D. Comaniciu and P. Meer, "Mean Shift Analysis and Applications," Proc. IEEE Seventh Int'l Conf. Computer Vision, vol. 2, pp. 1197-1203, Sept. 1999.