Comparability of the Standard WCST and WCST-64 in Traumatic Brain Injury

Applied Neuropsychology

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 246-251

  Love, Jeffrey M ^a   Greve, Kevin W ^a   Sherwin, Elisabeth ^b,c   Mathias, Charles ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS   (United States)

^b GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT LITTLE ROCK   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Traumatic brain injury; Wisconsin Card Sort (Standard Form); Wisconsin Card Sort 64 (Short Form)

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; RELIABILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; STANDARD; WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST;

ADULT; BRAIN INJURIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOMETRICS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 0347753287     PISSN: 09084282     EISSN: 15324826     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15324826an1004_7     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. American Psychological Association. (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611.
2. Axelrod, B. N., Henry, R. R., & Woodard, J. L. (1992). Analysis of an abbreviated form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 27-31.
3. Axelrod, B. N., Jiron, C. C., & Henry, R. R. (1993). Performance of adults ages 20 to 90 on the abbreviated Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 205-209.
4. Axelrod, B. N., Paolo, & Abraham, E. (1997). Do the normative data from the full WCST extend to the Abbreviated WCST? Assessment, 4, 41-46.
5. Bondi, M. W., Kaszniak, A. W., Bayles, K. A., & Vance, K. T. (1993). Contributions of frontal system dysfunction to memory and perceptual abilities in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology, 7, 205-209.
6. Butler, M., Retzlaff, P., & Vanderploeg, R. (1991). Neuropsychological test usage. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22, 510-521.
7. Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. A. (1948). The behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34, 404-411.
8. Greve, K. W., Ingram, F., & Bianchini, K. J. (1998). Latent structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in a clinical sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13, 597-609.
9. Greve, K. W., Love, J. M., Sherwin, E., Mathias, C. W., & Ramzinski, P. (2002). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in chronic severe traumatic brain injury: Factor structure and performance subgroups. Brain Injury, 16, 29-40.
10. Greve, K. W., & Smith, M. C. (1991). A comparison of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with the Modified Card Sorting Test for use with older adults. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 11, 57-65.
11. Haaland, K. Y., Vranes, L. F., Goodwin, J. S., & Garry, P. J. (1987). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in a healthy elderly population. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 345-346.
12. Hart, R. P., Kwentus, J. A., Wade, J. B., & Taylor, J. R. (1988). Modified Wisconsin Sorting Test in elderly normal, depressed and demented patients. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 2, 49-56.
13. Heaton, R. K. (1981). A manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
14. Heaton, S. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
15. Heaton, R. K. & PAR Staff (1999). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Computer Version 3 for Windows-Research Edition. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
16. Heaton, R. K. & PAR Staff (2000). WCST-64: Computer Version for Windows-Research Edition. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
17. Heaton, R. K. & Thompson, L. L. (1992). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Is one deck as good as two? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 63.
18. Jenkins, R. L. & Parsons, O. A. (1978). Cognitive deficits in male alcoholics as measured by a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Alcohol Technical Reports, 7, 76-83.
19. Kirk, R. E. (1999). Statistics: An introduction (4th ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace.
20. Kongs, S. K., Thompson, L. L., Iverson, G. L., & Heaton, R. K. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 card version professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
21. Nelson, H. E. (1974). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe deficits. Cortex, 12, 313-324.
22. Osmon, D. C., & Suchy, Y. (1996). Fractionating frontal lobe functions: Factors of the Milwaukee Card Sorting Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11, 541-552.
23. Paolo, A. M., Axelrod, B. N., Troster, A. I., Blackwell, K. T., & Koller, W. C. (1996). Utility of a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test short form in persons with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 892-897.
24. Purdon, S. E. & Waldie, B. (2001). A short form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 26, 253-256.
25. Ramage, A., Bayles, K., Helm-Estabrooks, N., & Cruz, R. (1999). Frequency of perseveration in normal subjects. Brain and Language, 66, 329-340.
26. Robinson, L. J., Kester, D. B., Saykin, A. J., Kaplan, E. F., & Gur, R. C. (1991). Comparison of two short forms of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 27-33.
27. Sillanpaa, M. C., Vellet, N. S., Anderson, P., Butkus, M., Voelker, S., & DeLuca, J. W. (1993). The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with children and adolescents: The long and short of it. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 68.
28. Smith-Seemiller, L., Franzen, M. D., & Bowers, D. (1997). Use of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test short forms in clinical samples. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 421-427.
29. Stanford, M. S., Greve, K. W., & Gerstle, J. E. (1997). Neuropsychological correlates of self-reported impulsive aggression in a college sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 961-965.
30. Stuss, D. T., Levine, B., Alexander, M. P., Hong, J., Palumbo, C., Hamer, L., et al. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: Effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes. Neuropsychologia, 38, 388-402.