The influence of changing nicotine to tar ratios on human puffing behaviour and perceived sensory response

Psychopharmacology

Volumn 170, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 434-442

  Dixon, Michael ^a   Kochhar, Neena ^b   Prasad, Krishna ^a   Shepperd, Jim ^a   Warburton, David M ^b  

^a BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Compensatory smoking; Nicotine yield; Sensory response; Smoking behaviour; Tar yield

Indexed keywords

NICOTINE;

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HUMAN; MEASUREMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; SENSORY SYSTEM PARAMETERS; TOBACCO;

BREATH TESTS; CARBON MONOXIDE; HUMANS; NICOTINE; SMOKING;

EID: 0347604843     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1541-8     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Armitage AK, Alexander J, Hopkins R, Ward C (1988) Evaluation of a low to middle 'tar'/medium nicotine cigarette designed to maintain nicotine delivery to the smoker. Psychopharmacology 96:447-453
2. Baldinger B, Hasenfratz M, Battig K (1995) Switching to ultralow nicotine cigarettes: effects of different tar yields and blocking of olfactory cues. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 50:233-239
3. Bates C, McNeil A, Jarvis M, Gray N (1999) The future of tobacco product regulation and labelling in Europe: implication for the forthcoming European Union Directive. Tob Control 8:225-235
4. Boushey HA, Richardson PS, Widdicombe JG, Wise JCM (1974) The response of laryngeal afferent fibres to mechanical and chemical stimuli. J Physiol 240:153-175
5. Buzzi R, Nil R, Bättig K (1985) Development of puffing behaviour along burning time of a cigarette - no relation to alveolar inhalation or nicotine delivery of the cigarettes? Psychopharmacology 86:102-107
6. Creighton DE, Lewis PH (1978) The effect of different cigarettes on human smoking patterns. In: Thornton RE (ed) Smoking behaviour: physiological and psychological influences. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 277-288
7. Creighton DE, Noble MJ, Whewell RT (1978) Instruments to measure, record and duplicate human smoking patterns. In: Thornton RE (ed) Smoking behaviour: physiological and psychological influences. Churchill-Livingstone, New York, pp 289-301
8. Dixon M, Richardson P, Stransky A, Szereda-Przestaszewska M, Widdicombe JG (1974) Changes in laryngeal calibre due to inhalation of dust. Revue de L'Institut d'Hygiène des Mines 29:55-58
9. Dixon M, Reeves N, Saunders P, Shepperd CJ (1998) Sensory-induced changes in puffing behaviour. Proceedings of the CORESTA Smoke and Technology Groups joint meeting. Brighton, England, pp 39-51
10. Dunn PJ, Freiesleben ER (1978) The effects of nicotine-enhanced cigarettes on human smoking parameters and alveolar carbon monoxide levels. In: Thornton RE (ed) Smoking behaviour: physiological and psychological influences. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 195-202
11. Fairweather FA (1989) The possible role of factors other than nicotine in compensatory smoking. In: Wald N, Froggatt P (eds) Nicotine and the low tar programme. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 212-219
12. Goldfarb TL, Jarvik ME, Glick SD (1970) Cigarette nicotine content as a determinant of human smoking behaviour. Psychopharmacologia 17:89-93
13. Gordin HH, Perfetti TA, Mangan PP (1987) A quantification of sensory responses related to dynamic cigarette performance variables. Tob Sci 31:23-27
14. Gust SW, Pickens RW (1982) Does cigarette nicotine yield affect puff volume? Clin Pharmacol Ther 32:418-422
15. Hasenfratz M, Baldinger B, Bättig K (1993) Nicotine or tar titration in cigarette smoking behaviour? Psychopharmacology 112:253-258
16. Herning RI, Jones RT, Benowitz N, Mines AH (1981) Puff volume increases when low nicotine cigarettes are smoked. BMJ 283:187-189
17. Institute of Medicine (2001) Clearing the smoke: assessing the science base for tobacco harm. National Academies Press, Washington
18. ISCSH (1988) Fourth report of the Independent Scientific Committee on smoking and health. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London
19. Jacob P, Byrd GD (1999) Use of gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of nicotine and its metabolites. In: Gorrod JW, Jacob P (eds) Analytical determination of nicotine and related compounds and their metabolites. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 191-224
20. Kochhar N, Warburton DM (1990) Puff-by-puff sensory evaluation of a low to middle tar, medium nicotine cigarette designed to maintain nicotine delivery to the smoker. Psychopharmacology 102:343-349
21. Kozlowski LT, O'Connor RJ, Sweeney CT (2001) Cigarette design. In: 2001 smoking and tobacco control, monograph 13. Risks associated with smoking cigarettes with low machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine. USDHHS National Institutes of Health, Washington, pp 13-37
22. Pankow JF (2001) A consideration of the role of gas/particle partitioning in the deposition of nicotine and other tobacco smoke compounds in the respiratory tract. Chem Res Toxicol 14:1465-1481
23. Pickworth WB, Fant RV, Nelson RA, Rohrer MS, Henningfield JE (1999) Pharmacodynamic effects of new de-nicotinized cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 1:357-364
24. Pritchard WS, Robinson J, Guy TD, Davis RA, Stiles MF (1996) Assessing the sensory role of nicotine in cigarette smoking. Psychopharmacology 127:55-62
25. Rawbone RG, Murphy K, Tate ME, Kane SJ (1978) The analysis of smoking parameters: inhalation and absorption of tobacco smoke in studies of human smoking behaviour. In: Thornton RE (ed) Smoking behaviour: physiological and psychological influences. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 171-194
26. Robinson JH, Pritchard WS, Davis RA (1992) Psychopharmacological effects of smoking a cigarette with typical 'tar' and carbon monoxide yields but minimal nicotine. Psychopharmacology 108:466-472
27. Rodenstein DO, Stanescu DC (1985) Pattern of inhalation of tobacco smoke in pipe, cigarette, and never smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 132:628-632
28. Rose J, Westman E, Behn F, Johnson M, Goldberg J (1998) Blockade of smoking satisfaction using the peripheral nicotinic antagonist trimethaphan. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 62:165-172
29. Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC, Coleman RE (1999) Arterial nicotine kinetics during cigarette smoking and intravenous nicotine administration: implications for addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend 56:99-107
30. Royal College of Physicians (2000) Nicotine addiction in Britain. A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London
31. Russell MAH (1976) Low tar, medium nicotine cigarettes: a new approach to safer smoking. BMJ 1:1430-1433
32. Scherer G (1999) Smoking behaviour and compensation: a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology 145:1-20
33. Shiffman S, Pillitteri JL, Burton SL, Rohay JM, Gitchell JG (2001) Smokers' beliefs about 'light' and 'ultra light' cigarettes. Tob Control 10[Suppl 1]; i17-i23
34. Stephen A, Frost C, Thompson S, Wald N (1989) Estimating the extent of compensatory smoking. In: Wald N, Froggatt P (eds) Nicotine and the low tar programme. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 100-115
35. Stepney R (1981) Would a medium nicotine, low tar cigarette be less hazardous to health? BMJ 283:1292-1303
36. Sutton SR, Russell MAH, Iyer R, Feyerabend C, Saloojee Y (1982) Relationship between cigarette yields, puffing patterns and smoke intake: evidence for tar compensation? BMJ 285:600-603
37. US Department of Health and Human Services (1981) The health consequences of smoking. The changing cigarette: a report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington
38. US Department of Health and Human Services (1984) The health consequences of smoking - chronic obstructive lung disease. Report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington
39. Warburton DM (1985) Nicotine and the smoker. Rev Environ Health 5:343-390
40. Zacny JP, Stitzer ML, Brown FJ, Yingling JE, Griffiths RR (1987) Human cigarette smoking: effects of puff and inhalation parameters on smoke exposure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 240:554-564