Acanthamoeba Keratitis: The Role of Domestic Tap Water Contamination in the United Kingdom

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 165-169

  Kilvington, Simon ^a   Gray, Trevor ^b   Dart, John ^b   Morlet, Nigel ^b   Beeching, John R ^c   Frazer, David G ^d   Matheson, Melville ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

^d ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;

ACANTHAMOEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HUMAN; KERATITIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; UNITED KINGDOM; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SAMPLING; WATER SUPPLY;

ACANTHAMOEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS; ANIMALS; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; DNA, PROTOZOAN; ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV; EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; POLYMORPHISM, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; QUESTIONNAIRES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; WATER; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0346727559     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-0559     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Auran JD, Starr MB, Jakobiec FA. Acantliamoeba keratitis: a review of the literature. Cornea. 1987;6:2-26.
2. Page FC. A New Key to Freshwater and Soil Gymnamoebae. Cumbria, UK: The Freshwater Biological Association; 1988.
3. Bacon AS, Frazer DG, Dart JK, et al. A review of 72 consecutive cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis, 1984-1992. Eye. 1993;7:719-725.
4. Radford CF, Minassian DC, Dart JK. Acanthamoeba keratitis in England and Wales: incidence, outcome, and risk factors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:536-542.
5. Radford CF, Bacon AS, Dart JKG, Minassian DC. Risk factors for acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens users: a case control study. BMJ. 1995;10:1567-1570.
6. Kilvington S, Larkin DF, White DG, Beeching JR. Laboratory investigation of Acanthamoeba keratitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28:2722-2725.
7. Larkin DF, Kilvington S, Easty DL. Contamination of contact lens storage cases by Acanthamoeba and bacteria. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74:133-135.
8. Seal D, Stapleton F, Dart J. Possible environmental sources of Acanthamoeba spp in contact lens wearers. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76:424-427.
9. Stchr-Green JK, Bailey TM, Brandt FH, et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis in soft contact lens wearers: a case-control study. JAMA. 1987;258:57-60.
10. Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral G. Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16:273-307.
11. De Jonckheere JF. Ecology of Acanthamoeba. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:S385-S387.
12. Kingston D, Warhurst DC. Isolation of amoebae from the air. J Med Microbiol. 1969;2:27-36.
13. Kilvington S, Beeching JR, White DG. Differentiation of Acanthamoeba strains from infected corneas and the environment by using restriction endonuclease digestion of whole-cell DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:310-314.
14. Stehr-Green JK, Bailey TM, Visvesvara GS. The epidemiology of Acanthamoeba keratitis in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;107:331-336.
15. Radford CF, Lehmann OJ, Dart JK. Acanthamoeba keratitis: multi-centre survey in England 1992-6. National Acanthamoeba Keratitis Study Group. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1387-1392.
16. Mathers WD, Nelson SE, Lane JL, et al. Confirmation of confocal microscopy diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Arch Ophthalmology. 2000;118:178-183.
17. Morlet N, Duguid G, Radford C, Matheson M, Dart J. Incidence of acanthamoeba keratitis associated with contact lens wear. Lancet. 1997;350:414-416.
18. Seal DV, Beattie TK, Tomlinson A, Fan D, Wong E. Acanthamoeba keratitis. Br J Ophthamol. 2003;87:516-517.
19. Kilvington S, White DG. Acanthamoeba: biology, ecology and human disease. Rev Med Microbiol. 1994;5:12-20.
20. Yagita K, Endo T. Restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA of Acanthamoeba strains in Japan. J Protozool. 1990;37:570-575.
21. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989.
22. Burger G, Plante I, Lonergan KM, Gray MW. The mitochondrial DNA of the amoeboid protozoon, Acanthamoeba castelanii: complete sequence, gene content and genome organization J Mol Biol. 1995;245:522-537.
23. Page RD. TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput Appl Biosci. 1996;12:357-358.
24. Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and wcight weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994;22:4673-4680.
25. Ledee DR, Booton GC, Awwad MH, et al. Advantages of using mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences to classify clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:1142-1149.
26. Ledee DR, Hay J, Byers TJ, Seal DV, Kirkness CM. Acanthamoeba griffin: molecular characterization of a new corneal pathogen. Invest Ophthahnol Vis Sci. 1996;37:544-550.
27. Lehmann OJ, Green SM, Morlet N, et al. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of corneal epithelial and tear samples in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:1261-1265.
28. Mathers WD, Sutphin JE, Lane JA, Folberg R. Correlation between surface water contamination with amoeba and the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of amoeba-like keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1143-1146.
29. Dart J. Contact Lens and Prosthesis Infections. In: Duane's Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 2. Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. New York: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;1-30.
30. Abu Kwaik Y, Gao LY, Stone BJ, Venkataraman C, Harb OS. Invasion of protozoa by Legionella pneumophila and its role in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64:3127-3133.
31. Kilvington S, Price J. Survival of Legionelia pneumophila within cysts of Acanthamoeba polyphaga following chlorine exposure. J Appl Bacteriol. 1990;68:519-525.
32. Landers P, Kerr KG, Rowbotham TJ, et al. Survival and growth of Burkholderia cepacia within the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;19:121-123.
33. Steinert M, Birkness K, White E, Fields B, Quinn F. Mycobacterium avium bacilli grow saprozoically in coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga and survive within cyst walls. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64:2256-2261.
34. The Water Act 1989. London: HMSO; 1989:ISBN 0105415898.
35. The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999. London UK: HMSO. 1999;ISBN 0 11 082552 7.
36. Gray TB, Cursons RTM, Sherwan JF, Rose PR. Acanthamoeba, bacterial, and fungal contamination of contact lens storage cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:601-605.