Paraneoplastic neurological degenerations: Keys to tumour immunity

Nature Reviews Cancer

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 36-44

  Albert, Matthew L ^a   Darnell, Robert B ^a  

^a ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHIPHYSIN; RECOVERIN; TUMOR ANTIGEN;

ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ATAXIA; BREAST CANCER; CANCER IMMUNOLOGY; CEREBELLUM DEGENERATION; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; MELANOMA; MYOCLONUS; OPSOCLONUS; OVARY CANCER; PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROPATHY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINOPATHY; REVIEW; STIFF MAN SYNDROME; T LYMPHOCYTE; TESTIS CANCER;

EID: 0346492952     PISSN: 1474175X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrc1255     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Burnet, F. M. Cancer: a biological approach. Brit. Med. J. 1, 841-847 (1957).
2. Thomas, L. Cellular and humoral aspects of the hypersensitivity states, in Discussion to P. B. Medawar's paper. (ed. Lawrence, H. S.) 529-534 (Harper, New York, 1959).
3. Dunn, G. P., Bruce, A. T., Ikeda, H., Old, L. J. & Schreiber, R. D. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape. Nature Immunol. 3, 991-998 (2002). An up-to-date review of tumour immunology, including historical aspects, animal models and a partial discussion of human tumour immunity issues.
4. Dickey, C. Review reopens old dsagreements. Nature Med. 8, 1337 (2002).
5. Darnell, R. B. & Posner, J. B. Observing the invisible: successful tumor immunity in humans. Nat Immunol. 4, 201 (2003).
6. Darnell, R. B. & Posner, J. B. Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1543-1554 (2003).
7. Voltz, R. D., Posner, J. B., Dalmau, J. & Graus, F. Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: an update of the effects of the anti-Hu immune response on the nervous system and tumour. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 63, 133-136 (1997).
8. Anderson, N. E., Cunningham, J. M. & Posner, J. B. Autoimmune pathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 3, 245-299 (1987).
9. Darnell, R. B. & Posner, J. B. Paraneoplastic syndromes involving the nervous system. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1543-1554 (2003).
10. Rojas, I. et al. Long-term clinical outcome of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibodies. Neurology 55, 713-715 (2000).
11. Dalmau, J., Graus, F., Rosenblum, M. K. & Posner, J. B. Anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuropathy: a clinical study of 71 patients. Medicine 71, 59-72 (1991). Classic overview of 71 patients with the Hu PND syndrome.
12. Posner, J. B. & Furneaux, H. M. Paraneoplastic syndromes. in Immunologic mechanisms in neurologic and psychiatric disease (ed. Waksman, B. H.) 187-219 (Raven Press Ltd., New York, 1990).
13. Dalmau, J., Furneaux, H. M., Rosenblum, M. K., Graus, F. & Posner, J. B. Detection of the anti-Hu antibody in specific regions of the nervous system and tumor from patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. Neurology 41, 1757-1764 (1991).
14. Anderson, N. E., Rosenblum, M. K. & Posner, J. B. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: clinical-immunological correlations. Ann. Neurol. 124, 559-567 (1988).
15. Hetzel, D., Stanhope, C., O'Neill, B. & Lennon, V. Gynecologic cancer in patients with subacute cerebellar degeneration predicted by anti-Purkinje cell antibodies and limited in metastatic volume. Mayo Clin. Proc. 65, 1558-1563 (1990).
16. Graus, F. et al. Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients. Brain 124, 1138-1148 (2001).
17. Peterson, K., Rosenblum, M. K., Kotanides, H. & Posner, J. B. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. I. A clinical analysis of 55 anti-Yo antibody-positive patients. Neurology 42, 1931-1937 (1992). Analysis of 55 patients with the PCD syndrome.
18. DeVita, V. T., Hellman, S. & Rosenberg, S. Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology. (J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1993).
19. Maddison, P., Newsom-Davis, J., Mills, K. R. & Souhami, R. L. Favourable prognosis in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small-cell lung carcinoma. Lancet 353, 117-118 (1999).
20. Graus, F. et al. Anti-Hu antibodies in patients with small-cell lung cancer: association with complete response to therapy and improved survival. J. Clin. Oncol. 15, 2866-2872 (1997).
21. Darnell, R. B. The importance of defining the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 1831-1833 (1999).
22. Rosenblum, M. K. Paraneoplasia and autoimmunologic injury of the nervous system: the anti-Hu syndrome. Brain Pathol. 3, 199-212 (1993).
23. Mason, W. P., Dalmau, J., Curtin, J. P. & Posner, J. B. Normalization of the tumor marker CA-125 after oophorectomy in a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration without detectable cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 65, 173-176 (1997).
24. Darnell, R. B. & DeAngelis, L. M. Regression of small-cell lung carcinoma in patients with paraneoplastic neuronal antibodies. Lancet 341, 21-22 (1993). First clear description of patients with PND that had well-documented spontaneous regression of tumours upon PND onset.
25. Zaheer, W. et al. Spontaneous regression of small cell carcinoma of lung associated with severe neuropathy. Cancer Invest. 11, 306-309 (1993).
26. Byrne, T., Mason, W. P., Posner, J. B. & Dalmau, J. Spontaneous neurological improvement in anti-Hu associated encephalomyelitis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 62, 276-278 (1997).
27. Verschuuren, J. et al. Inflammatory infiltrates and complete absence of Purkinje cells in anti-Yo-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol. 91, 519-525 (1996).
28. Wilkinson, P. C. & Zeromski, J. Immunofluorescent detection of antibodies against neurones in sensory carcinomatous neuropathy. Brain 88, 529-583 (1965).
29. Trotter, J., Hendin, B. & Osterland, C. Cerebellar degeneration with Hodgkin's disease: an immunological study. Arch. Neurol. 33, 660-661 (1976).
30. Croft, P. B., Henson, R. A., Unch, H. & Wilkinson, P. C. Sensory neuropathy with bronchial carcinoma a study of four cases showing serological abnormalities. Brain 88, 501-514 (1965).
31. Henson, R. A. & Urich, H. Cancer and the nervous system: The neurologic manifestaions of systemic malignant disease. (Blackwell Scientific, London, 1982).
32. Jaeckle, K. et al. Autoimmune response of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration to a Purkinje cell cytoplasmic protein antigen. Ann. Neurol. 18, 592-600 (1985).
33. Cunningham, J., Graus, F., Anderson, N. & Posner, J. B. Partial characterization of the Purkinje cell antigens in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Neurology 36, 1163-1168 (1986).
34. Graus, F., Cordon-Cardo, C. & Posner, J. Neuronal antinuclear antibody in sensory neuronopathy from lung cancer. Neurology 35, 538-543 (1985).
35. Graus, F., Elkon, K. B., Cordon-Cardo, C. & Posner, J. B. Sensory neuronopathy and small cell lung cancer; antineuronal antibody that also reacts with the tumor. Am. J. Med. 80, 45-52 (1986).
36. Furneaux, H. F., Reich, L. & Posner, J. B. Autoantibody synthesis in the central nervous system of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes. Neurology 48, 1085-1091 (1990).
37. Darnell, R. B. Onconeural antigens and the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders: at the intersection of cancer, immunity and the brain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 4529-4536 (1996).
38. Musunuru, K. & Darnell, R. B. Paraneoplastic neurologic disease antigens: RNA-binding proteins and signaling proteins in neuronal degeneration. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 239-262 (2001).
39. Folli, F. et al. Autoantibodies to a 128-kd synaptic protein in three women with the stiff-man syndrome and breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 328, 546-551 (1993).
40. Okano, H. J., Park, W. Y., Corradi, J. P. & Darnell, R. B. The cytoplasmic Purkinje antigen cdr2 downregulates Myc function: implications for neuronal and tumor cell survival. Genes Dev. 13, 2087-2098 (1999).
41. Corradi, J. P., Yang, C. W., Darnell, J. C., Dalmau, J. & Darnell, R. B. A post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism restricts expression of the paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration antigen cdr2 to immune priviieged tissues. J. Neurosci. 17, 1406-1415 (1997).
42. Dredge, B. K. & Damell, R. B. Nova regulates GABA(A) receptor γ2 alternative splicing via a distal downstream UCAU-rich intronic splicing enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 4687-4700 (2003).
43. Dredge, B. K., Polydorides, A. D. & Darnell, R. B. The splice of life: alternative splicing and neurological disease. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 2, 43-50 (2001).
44. Jensen, K. B. et al. Nova-1 regulates neuron-specific alternative splicing and is essential for neuronal viability. Neuron 25, 359-371 (2000).
45. Brennan, C. M. & Steitz, J. A. HuR and mRNA stability. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 58, 266-277 (2001).
46. Keene, J. D. Why is Hu where? Shuttling of early-response-gene messenger RNA subsets. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 5-7 (1999).
47. Furneaux, H. M. et al. Selective expression of Purkinje-cell antigens in tumor tissue from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. N. Engl. J. Med. 322, 1844-1851 (1990).
48. Manley, G. T., Smitt, P. S., Dalmau, J. & Posner, J. B. Hu antigens: reactivity with Hu antibodies, tumor expression, and major immunogenic sites. Ann. Neurol. 38, 102-110 (1995).
49. Dalmau, J., Furneaux, H. M., Cordon-Cardo, C. & Posner, J. B. The expresson of the Hu (paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy) antigen in human normal and tumor tissues. Am. J. Pathol. 141, 881-886 (1992).
50. Darnell, J. C., Albert, M. L. & Darnell, R. B. cdr2, a target antigen of naturally occuring human tumor immunity, is widely expressed in gynecological tumors. Cancer Res. 60, 2136-2139 (2000).
51. + small-cell lung cancer, low-titres of anti-Hu antibodies and no neurological disease.
52. Corriveau, R. A., Huh, G. S. & Shatz, C. J. Regulation of class I MHC gene expression in the developing and mature CNS by neural activity. Neuron 21, 505-520 (1998).
53. Darnell, R. B. Immunologic complexity in neurons. Neuron 21, 947-950 (1998).
54. Albert, M. L. et al. Tumor-specific killer cells in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Nature Med. 4, 1321-1324 (1998). First identification of PND antigen-specific CTLs in patients with PND antitumour immune responses and demonstration of potency of apoptotic tumour cells as a source of PND antigen for CTL activation.
55. Albert, M. L., Austin, L. M. & Darnell, R. B. Detection and treatment of activated T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Ann. Neurol. 47, 9-17 (2000).
56. Voltz, R., Dalmau, J., Posner, J. B. & Rosenfeld, M. R. T-cell receptor analysis in anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. Neurology 51, 1146-1150 (1998).
57. Okano, H. J. & Darnell, R. B. A hierarchy of Hu RNA binding proteins in developing and adult neurons. J. Neurosci. 17, 3024-3037 (1997),
58. Buckanovich, R. J., Posner, J. B. & Darnell, R. B. Nova, the paraneoplastic R1 antigen, is homologous to an RNA-binding protein and is specifically expressed in the developing motor system. Neuron 11, 657-672 (1993).
59. Buckanovich, R. J., Yang, Y. Y. & Darnell, R. B. The onconeural antigen Nova-1 is a neuron-specifc RNA-binding protein, the activity of which is inhibited by paraneoplastic antibodies. J. Neurosci. 16, 1114-1122 (1996)
60. Bevan, M. J. Cross-priming for a secondary cytotoxic response to minor H antigens with H-2 congenic cells which do not cross-react in the cytotoxic assay. J. Exp. Med. 143, 1283-1288 (1976).
61. Casciola-Rosen, L. A., Anhalt, G. & Rosen, A. Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes. J. Exp. Med. 179, 1317-1330 (1994).
62. Albert, M. L., Sauter, B. & Bhardwaj, N. Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 392, 86-89 (1998), First identification of apoptotic virally infected cells as a source of antigen for CTL activation.
63. Albert, M. L. & Bhardwaj, N. Resurrecting the dead: dendntic ceJJs acquire antigen from apoptotic cells. The Immunologist 6, 194-198 (1998).
64. + T cells in the absence of CD4 help.
65. Heath, W. R. & Carbone, F. R. Cross-presentation in viral immunity and self-tolerance. Nature Rev. Immunol. 1, 126-134 (2001).
66. Forster, R. et al. CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs. Cell 99, 23-33 (1999).
67. Cyster, J. G. Leukocyte migration: scent of the T zone. Curr. Biol. 10, R30-R33 (2000)
68. Banchereau, J. & Steinman, R. M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392, 245-252 (1998).
69. Heath, W. R. & Carbone, F. R. Cross-presentation, dendritic cells, tolerance and immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19, 47-84 (2001).
70. Guermonprez, P., Valladeau, J., Zitvogel, L., Thery, C. & Amigorena, S. Antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 621-667 (2002).
71. + T cells. Nature Immunol. 9, 1-8 (2001).
72. + T cell help. J. Exp. Med. 186, 65-70 (1997),
73. Schoenberger, S. P., Toes, R. E., van der Voort, E. I., Offringa, R. & Melief, C. J. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature 393, 480-483 (1998)
74. + T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 393, 474-478 (1998).
75. Carpentier, A. F. et al. DNA vaccination with HuD inhibits growth of a neuroblastoma in mice. Clin. Cancer Res. 4, 2819-2824 (1998).
76. Orange, D. E. et al. Effective antigen cross-presentation by prostate cancer patients' dendritic cells: implications for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis (in the press).
77. 5 integrin recruits the CrkII-Dock180-rac1 complex for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Nature Cell Biol. 2, 899-905 (2000).
78. + T cells. J. Exp. Med. 186, 239-245 (1997).
79. Kurts, C. et al. Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self antigens in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 184, 923-930 (1996).