Schistosomiasis vaccines

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

Volumn 3, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 1271-1278

  Hagan, Paul ^a   Sharaf, Osama ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bilharzia; Epidemiology; Immunity; Immunology; Praziquantel; Resistance; S. haematobium; S. japonicum; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Susceptibility; Trematode

Indexed keywords

METRIFONATE; OXAMNIQUINE; PARASITE ANTIGEN; PRAZIQUANTEL; SCHISTOSOMA VACCINE;

CLINICAL TRIAL; GENOME; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOLOGY; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RESISTANCE; INFECTION SENSITIVITY; NONHUMAN; PARASITE IMMUNITY; PROTEOMICS; REVIEW; SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM; SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; TREMATODE; VACCINATION;

ANIMALS; ANTHELMINTICS; ANTIGENS, HELMINTH; CLINICAL TRIALS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; PRAZIQUANTEL; PROTOZOAN VACCINES; SCHISTOSOMIASIS;

ANIMALIA; METAZOA; SCHISTOSOMA; SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM; SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI; TREMATODA;

EID: 0346216865     PISSN: 14712598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.3.8.1271     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. CHITSULO L, ENGELS D, MONTRESOR A, SAVIOLI L: The global status of schistosomiasis and its control. Acta Trop. (2000) 77:41-51. The definitive statement on the extent of the problem.
2. ROSS AGP, BARTLEY PB, SLEIGH AC et al.: Current concepts: schistosomiasis. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:1212-1220. A recent, concise summary of the parasites, the disease and treatment.
3. JORDAN P, WEBBE G, STURROCK R: Human schistosomiasis. Jordan P, Webbe G, Sturrock R (Eds), CAB International, Wallingford, England (1993). Comprehensive text on a variety of aspects of schistosomiasis.
4. WARREN K: The pathology of schistosome infections. Helminthol. Abstr. Ser. [A] (1973) 42:590-633.
5. CHEN MC, WANG SC, CHANG PY et al.: Granulomatous disease of the large intestine secondary to schistosome infestation: a study of 229 cases. Chin. Med. J. (1978) 4:371-378.
6. HAMBURGER J, PELLEY RP, WARREN KS: Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens: determination of the stage and species specificity of their serologic reactivity by radioimmunoassay. J. Immunol (1976) 117:1561-1566. Classic study of egg antigens.
7. RICHTER J, CORREIA DACAL AR, VERGETTI SIQUEIRA JG et al.: Sonographic prediction of variceal bleeding in patients with liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma mansoni. Trop. Med. Int. Health (1998) 3:728-735.
8. WILKINS HA, AMUASI JH, CRAWLEY JC, VEALL N: Isotope renography and urinary schistosomiasis: a study in a Gambian community Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1985) 79:306-313.
9. MCLAREN DJ, HOCKLEY DJ: Blood flukes have a double outer membrane. Nature (1977) 269:147-149.
10. BERGQUIST R, AL-SHERBINY M, BARAKAT R, OLDS R: Blueprint for schistosomiasis vaccine development. Acta Trop. (2002) 82:183-192.
11. SHER A, HIENY S, JAMES S, ASOFSKY R: Mechanisms of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. II. Analysis of immunity in hosts deficient in T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, or complement. J Immunol. (1982) 128:1880-1884.
12. SMYTHIES LE, BETTS C, COULSON PS, DOWLING MA, WILSON RA: Kinetics and mechanism of effector focus formation in the lungs of mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasite Immunol. (1996) 18:359-369.
13. SMYTHIES LE, PEMBERTON RM, COULSON PS, MOUNTFORD AP, WILSON RA: T cell-derived cytokines associated with pulmonary immune mechanisms in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Immunol. (1992) 148:1512-1518.
14. MOLONEY NA, BICKLE QD, WEBBE G: The induction of specific immunity against Schistosomajaponicum by exposure of mice to ultraviolet attenuated cercariae. Parasitology (1985) 90:313-323.
15. BUSHARA HO, GAMEEL AA, MAJID BY et al: Observations on cattle schistosomiasis in the Sudan, a study in comparative medicine. VI. Demonstration of resistance to Schistosoma bovis challenge after a single exposure to normal cercariae or to transplanted adult worms. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1983) 32:1375-80.
16. MAJID AA, BUSHARA HO, SAAD AM et al.: Observations on cattle schistosomiasis in the Sudan, a study in comparative medicine. III. Field testing of an irradiated Schistosoma bovis vaccine. Am J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1980) 29:452-455. Important demonstration that vaccination (with irradiated cercariae) is possible.
17. PEARCE EJ, JAMES SL, HEINY S, LANAR D, SHER A: Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni by vaccination with schistosome paramyosin (Sm97), a non-surface parasite antigen. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA (1988) 85:5678-5682.
18. FLANIGAN TJ, KING CH, LETT RR, NANADURI J, MAHMOUD AA: Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice by purified parasite paramyosin. J. Clin. Invest. (1989) 83:1010-1014.
19. SOISSON LA, STRAND M: Schistosoma mansoni: induction of protective immunity in rats using a recombinant fragment of a parasite surface antigen. Exp. Parasitol. (1993) 77:492-494.
20. SOISSON LM, MASTERSON CP, TOM TD, MCNALLY MT, LOWELL GH, STRAND M: Induction of protective immunity in mice using a 62-kDa recombinant fragment of a Schistosoma mansoni surface antigen. J. Immunol. (1992) 149:3612-3620.
21. HARN DA, GU W, OLIGINO LD, MITSUYAMA M, GEBREMICHAEL A, RICHTER D: A protective monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes and alters the catalytic activity of schistosome triosephosphate isomerase. J. Immunol. (1992) 148:562-567.
22. TAYLOR JB, VIDAL A, TORPIER G et al.: The glutathione transferase activity and tissue distribution of a cloned Mr 28K protective antigen of Schistosoma mansoni. EMBO J. (1988) 7:465-472.
23. CAPRON A, DESSAINT JP, CAPRON M, PIERCE RJ: Schistosomiasis: from effector and regulation mechanisms in rodents to vaccine strategies in humans. Immunol Invest. (1992) 21:409-422.
24. HARN DA, MITSUYAMA M, HUGUENEL ED, DAVID JR: Schistosoma mansoni: detection by monoclonal antibody of a 22,000-dalton surface membrane antigen which may be blocked by host molecules on lung stage parasites. J. Immunol. (1985) 135:2115-2120.
25. TENDLER, M, BRITO CA, VILAR MM et al.: A Schistosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein, Sm14, is the potential basis of a dual-purpose anti-helminth vaccine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:269-273.
26. BRITO CF, FONSECA CT, GOES AM, AZEVEDO V, SIMPSON AJ, OLIVEIRA SC: Human IgG1 and IgG3 recognition of Schistosoma mansoni 14 kDa fatty acid-binding recombinant protein. Parasite Immunol. (2000) 22:41-48.
27. NO AUTHORS LISTED: Schistosomiasis vaccine: an update. TDR News (1996) 50:8-9.
28. NO AUTHORS LISTED: Schistosomiasis vaccines: human correlate studies pave the way. TDR News (1997) 54:4-5.
29. KLOOS H, LEMMA A: The epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Tensae Berhan: human water contact patterns. Ethiopian Med. J. (1980) 18:91-98.
30. BUTTERWORTH AE, CAPRON M, CORDINGLEY JS et al.: Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis mansoni. II. Identification of resistant individuals, and analysis of their immune responses. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1985) 79:393-408.
31. WILKINS HA, BLUMENTHAL UJ, HAGAN P, HAYES RJ, TULLOCH S: Resistance to reinfection after treatment of urinary schistosomiasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med Hyg. (1987) 81:29-35. Key study that underpins immunological interpretation of infection patterns (see [33]).
32. WOOLHOUSE ME, MUTAPI F, NDHLOVU PD, CHANDIWANA SK, HAGAN P: Exposure, infection and immune responses to Schistosoma haematobium in young children. Parasitology (2000) 120:37-44.
33. HAGAN P, BLUMENTHAL UJ, DUNN D, SIMPSON AJG, WILKINS HA: Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium. Nature (1991) 349:243-246. Important immunopidemiological studies showing immune correlates with resistance.
34. RIHET P, DEMEURE CE, BOURGOIS A, PRATA A, DESSEIN AJ: Evidence for an association between human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni and high anti-larval IgE levels. Eur. J. Immunol. (1991) 21:2679-2686. See [33].
35. DUNNE DW, BUTTERWORTH AE, FULFORD AJ et al.: Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis: association between IgE antibodies to adult worm antigens and resistance to reinfection. Eur. J. Immunol. (1992) 22:1483-1494. See [33].
36. WOOLHOUSE ME, TAYLOR P, MATANHIRE D, CHANDIWANA SK: Acquired immunity and epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium. Nature (1991) 351:757-759. Classic study showing peak shift effect.
37. MUTAPI F, NDHLOVU PD, HAGAN P, WOOLHOUSE ME: A comparison of humoral responses to Schistosoma haematobium in areas with low and high levels of infection. Parasite Immunol. (1997) 19:255-63. Immunological support for 'peak shift' effect
38. MUTAPI F, HAGAN P, WOOLHOUSE ME, MDULUZA T, NDHLOVU PD: Chemotherapy-induced, age-related changes in anti-schistosome antibody responses. Parasite Immunol. (2003) 25:87-97.
39. BUTTERWORTH AE, DUNNE DW, FULFORD A: Immunity in human Schistosomiasis mansoni: cross-reactive IgM and IgG2 antibodies block the expression of immunity. Biochimie (1988) 70:1053-1063. Seminal report on blocking antibodies.
40. DEMEURE CE, RIHET P, ABEL L, OUATTARA M, BOURGOIS A, DESSEIN AJ: Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in humans: influence of the IgE/IgG4 balance and IgG2 in immunity to reinfection after chemotherapy. J. Infect. Dis. (1993) 168:1000-1008.
41. GROGAN JL, KREMSNER PG, VAN DAM GJ, DEELDER AM, YAZDANBAKHSH M: Anti-schistosome IgG4 and IgE at 2 years after chemotherapy: infected versus uninfected individuals. J. Infect. Dis. (1997) 176:1344-1350.
42. GROGAN JL, KREMSNER PG, VAN DAM GJ et al.: Anti-schistosome IgG4 and IgE responses are affected differentially by chemotherapy in children versus adults. J. Infect. Dis. (1996) 173:1242-1247.
43. DESSEIN AJ, BEGLEY M, DEMEURE C et al.: Human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni is associated with IgG reactivity to a 37-kDa larval surface antigen. J. Immunol. (1988) 140:2727-2736.
44. BARSOUM IS, GAMIL FM, AL-KHAFIF MA, RAMZY RM, EL ALAMY MA, COLLEY DG: Immune responses and immunoregulation in relation to human schistosomiasis in Egypt. I. Effect of treatment on in vitro cellular responsiveness. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1982) 31:1181-1187.
45. WOOLHOUSE ME, HAGAN P: Seeking the ghost of worms past. Nat. Medicine (1999) 5:1225-1227. Concise summary of many recent immuno-epidemiological studies.
46. KHALIFE J, DUNNE DW, RICHARDSON BA et al.: Functional role of human IgG subclasses in eosinophil-mediated killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Immunol. (1989) 142:4422-4427. Details functional differences in antibodies from infected individuals.
47. CAPRON M, JOUAULT T, PRIN L et al.: Functional study of a monoclonal antibody to IgE Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R2) of eosinophils, platelets, and macrophages. J. Exp. Med. (1986) 164:72-89.
48. GREZEL D, CAPRON M, GRZYCH JM, FONTAINE J, LECOCQ JP, CAPRON A: Protective immunity induced in rat schistosomiasis by a single dose of the Sm28GST recombinant antigen: effector mechanisms involving IgE and IgA antibodies. Eur. J. Immunol (1993) 23:454-460.
49. BUTTERWORTH AE, STURROCK RF, HOUBA V, MAHMOUD AA, SHER A, REES PH: Eosinophils as mediators of antibody-dependent damage to schistosomula. Nature (1975) 256:727-729. First demonstration of a functional role for eosinophils against helminths.
50. DEAN DA, WISTAR R, MURRELL KD: Combined in vitro effects of rat antibody and neutrophilic leukocytes on schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1974) 23:420-428.
51. OLDS GR, ELLNER JJ, EL-KHOLY A, MAHMOUD AA: Monocyte-mediated killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: alterations in human Schistosomiasis mansoni and tuberculosis. J. Immunol (1981) 127:1538-1542.
52. JAMES SL, LAZDINS JK, MELTZER MS, SHER A: Macrophages as effector cells of protective immunity in murine schistosomiasis. Cell. Immunol. (1982) 67:255-266.
53. RIBEIRO DE JESUS A, ARAÚJO I, BACELLAR O et al.: Human immune responses to Schistosoma mansoni vaccine candidate antigens. Infect. Immun. (2000) 68:2797-2803.
54. AL-SHERBINY M, OSMAN A, BARAKAT R et al.: In vitro cellular and humoral responses to Schistosoma mansoni vaccine candidate antigens. Acta Trop. (2003) 88:117-130. Very important report on the in vitro correlate studies in Egypt.
55. CIOLI D, PICA-MATTOCCIA L, ARCHER S: Antischistosomal drugs: past, present and future? Pharmacol. Ther. (1995) 68:35-85. The definitive article on anti-schistosomal drugs.
56. DOENHOFF M, KIMANI G, CIOLI D: Praziquantel and the control of schistosomiasis. Parasitol. Today. (2000) 16:364-366.
57. NO AUTHORS LISTED: World Health Organization (WHO): report of the WHO informal consultation on the use of praziquantel during pregnancy/lactation and albendazole/mebendazole in children under 24 months. (2003) Geneva (WHO/CDS/CPE/PVC/2002.4) Recommends extension of chemotherapy to pregnant and lactating women and young children.
58. NO AUTHORS LISTED: Ministry Of Public Health Arab Republic Of Egypt: Report of an Independent Evaluation Mission on the National Bilharzia Control Program in Egypt (Abridged version). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1985) 81(Suppl.):1-57.
59. CHEN MG, ZHENG F: Schistosomiasis control in China. Parasitol. Int. (1999) 48:11-19.
60. KATZ N: Schistosomiasis Control in Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz (1998) 93(Suppl. 1):33-35.
61. LAAMRANI H et al.: New challenges in schistosomiasis control in Morocco. Acta Trop. (2000) 77:61-67.
62. BERGQUIST NR: Schistosomiasis research funding: the TDR contribution Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz (1992) 87(Suppl. IV):153-161.
63. CAPRON A, CAPRON M, DOMBROWICZ D, RIVEAU G: Vaccine strategies against schistosomiasis: from concepts to clinical trials. Int. Arch. Allergy. Immunol. (2001) 124:9-15. Good summary of relatively recent developments.
64. GRYSEELS B: Schistosomiasis vaccines: a devils' advocate view. Parasitol. Today (2000) 16:46-48.
65. CROMPTON DW, ENGELS D, MONTRESOR A, NEIRA MP, SAVIOLI L: Action starts now to control disease due to schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Acta Trop. (2003) 86:121-124. Highlights developments stemming from World Health Assembly resolution on helminth control
66. NO AUTHORS LISTED: Schistosomiasis Control Initiative: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2003) First Annual Narrative Report. Imperial College London (2003).
67. OLDS GR: Administration of praziquantel to pregnant and lactating women. Acta Trop. (2003) 86:185-195.
68. NO AUTHORS LISTED: World Health Organization (WHO) Report of the WHO informal consultation on the use of praziquantel during pregnancy/lactation and albendazole/mebendazole in children under 24 months. Geneva (WHO/CDS/CPE/PVC/2002.4) (2003).
69. DE CLERCQ D, VERCRUYSSE J, KONGS A, VERLE P, DOMPNIER JP, FAYE PC: Efficacy of artesunate and praziquantel in Schistosoma haematobium infected schoolchildren. Acta Trop. (2002) 82:61-66.
70. DE CLERCQ D, VERCRUYSSE J, VERLE P, NIASSE F, KONGS A, DIOP M: Efficacy of artesunate against Schistosoma mansoni infections in Richard Toll, Senegal. Trans. Roy Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (2000) 94:90-91.
71. SHUHUA X, UTZINGER J, GNAKA HN et al.: Recent investigations of artemether, a novel agent for the prevention of schistosomiasis japonica, mansoni and haematobium Acta Trop. (2002) 82:175-181.
72. N'GORAN EK, UTZINGER J, GNAKA HN et al.: Randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of oral artemether for the prevention of patent Schistosoma haematobium infections. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, (2003) 68:24-32.
73. DUPRE HM, SCHACHT AM, CAPRON A, RIVEAU G: Control of schistosomiasis pathology by combination ofSm28GST DNA immunization and praziquantel treatment. J. Infect. Dis. (1999) 180:454-463.
74. ZHANG Y, TAYLOR MG, JOHANSEN MV, BICKLE QD.: Vaccination of mice with a cocktail DNA vaccine induces a Th1-type immune response and partial protection against Schistosomajaponicum infection. Vaccine (2001) 20:724-730.
75. DA'DARA AA, SKELLY PJ, WANG MM, HARN DA.: Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding the integral membrane protein, Sm23, elicits a protective immune response against schistosome infection in mice. Vaccine (2001) 20:359-369.
76. SHI F, ZHANG Y, LIN J et al.: Field testing of Schistosoma japonicum DNA vaccines in cattle in China. Vaccine (2002) 20:3629-3631.
77. NASCIMENTO E, LEAO IC, PEREIRA VR et al.: Protective immunity of single and multi-antigen DNA vaccines against schistosomiasis. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz (2002) 97(Suppl. 1):105-109.
78. SIDDIQUI AA, PHILLIPS T, CHAREST H et al.: Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni via DNA priming and boosting with the large subunit of calpain (Sm-p80): adjuvant effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Infect. Immun. (2003) 71:3844-3851.
79. HU W, YAN Q, SHEN D-K et al.: Evolutionary and biomedical implications of a Schistosoma japonicum complementary DNA resource. Nat. Genet. (2003) 35:139-147. Ground-breaking papers on the schistosome genome.
80. VERJOVSKI-ALMEIDA S, DEMARCO R. MARTINS EAL et al.: Transcriptome analysis of the acoelomate human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Nat. Genet. (2003) 35:148-157. See [79].
81. ISMAIL M, BOTROS S, METWALLY A et al.: Resistance to praziquantel: direct evidence from Schistosoma mansoni isolated from Egyptian villagers. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1999) 60:932-935. Early report of praziquantel resistance.
82. STELMA FF, TALLA I, SOW S et al.: Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in an epidemic focus of Schistosoma mansoni. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 53:167-170.