"What do Other People Think?" - The Role of Prejudice and Social Norms in the Expression of Opinions Against Gay Men

Australian Journal of Psychology

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 184-190

  Masser, Barbara ^a   Phillips, Lisa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345759971     PISSN: 00049530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0004953042000298652     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Abrams, D., & Hogg, M.A. (1990). Social identification, self-categorisation and social influence. In M. Hewstone and W. Stroebe (Eds.), Review of European social psychology, (Vol.1, pp. 195-228). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J.Kuhl & J.Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). Berlin: Springer.
4. Berrill, K.T., & Herek, G.M. (1990). Primary and secondary victimization in anti-gay hate crimes: Official response and public policy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 401-13.
5. Blanchard, F.A., Lilly, T., & Vaughn, L.A. (1991). Reducing the expression of racial prejudice. Psychological Science, 2, 101-105.
6. Brown, R.J. (1998). Prejudice: Its social psychology. Oxford: Blackwell
7. Cialdini, R.B., Kallgren, C.A., & Reno, R.R. (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 201-233.
8. Cialdini, R.B., Reno, R.R., & Kallgren, C.A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015-1026.
9. Crosby, F., Bromley, S., & Saxe, L. (1980). Recent unobtrusive studies of Black and White discrimination and prejudice. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 546-563.
10. Devine, P.G., Monteith, M.J., Zuwerink, J.R., & Elliott, A.J. (1991). Prejudice with and without compunction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 817-830.
11. Devine, P.O., Plant, E.A., & Buswell, B.N. (2000). Breaking the prejudice habit: Progress and obstacles. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination: The Claremont symposium on applied social psychology (pp. 185-208). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
12. Duckitt, J. (1992). Psychology and prejudice: A historical analysis and integrative framework. American Psychologist, 47, 1182-1193.
13. Fedaku, Z., & Kraft, P. (2002). Expanding the theory of planned behaviour: The role of social norms and group identification. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 33-43.
14. Ford, T.E. (2000). Effects of sexist humor on tolerance of sexist events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1094-1107.
15. Ford, T.E., Wentzel, E.R., & Lorion, J. (2001). Effects of exposure to sexist humor on perceptions of normative tolerance of sexism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 677-691.
16. Gaertner, S.L., & Dovidio, J.F. (1977). The subtlety of White racism, arousal and helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 691-707.
17. Gaertner, S.L., & Dovidio, J.F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In J.F. Dovidio & L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. 61-89). New York: Academic Press.
18. Herek, G.M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22.
19. Kallgren, C.A., Reno, R.R., & Cialdini, R.B. (2000). A focus theory of normative conduct: When norms do and do not affect behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1002-1012.
20. Katz, I., Wackenhut, J., & Hass, R.G. (1986). Racial ambivalence, value duality and behaviour. In J.F. Dovidio & S.L.Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. 35-59). New York: Academic Press.
21. Larsen, K.S., Reed, M., & Hoffman, S. (1980). Attitudes of heterosexuals toward homosexuality: A Likert-type scale and construct validity. Journal of Sex Research, 16, 245-257.
22. Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 275-287.
23. Marques, J.M., Abrams, D., & Serodio, R. (2001) Being better by being right: Subjective group dynamics and derogation of in-group deviants when generic norms are undermined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 436-447.
24. Masser, B., & Abrams, D. (1999). Contemporary Sexism: The relationships among hostility, benevolence and neosexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 503-517.
25. McConahay, J.B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence and the modem racism scale. In J.F. Dovidio & S.L.Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. 91-125). New York: Academic Press.
26. McConahay, J.B., Hardee, B.B., & Batts, V. (1981). Has racism declined? It depends on who's asking and what is being asked. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25, 563-579.
27. Monteith, M.J., Deneen, N.B., & Tooman, G.D. (1996). The effect of social norm activation on the expression of opinions concerning gay men and Blacks. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 267-288.
28. Monteith, M.J., Devine, P.O., & Zuwerink, J.R. (1993). Self-directed versus other-directed affect as a consequence of prejudice-related discrepancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 198-210.
29. Pettigrew, T.F. (1958). Personality and socio-cultural factors in intergroup attitudes: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 29-42.
30. Pettigrew, T.F. (1959). Regional differences in anti-Negro prejudice. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 28-36.
31. Schofield, P.E., Pattison, P.E., Hill, D.J., & Borland, R. (2001). The influence of group identification on the adoption of peer group smoking norms. Psychology and Health, 16, 1-16.
32. Swim, J.K., Aikin, K.J., Hall, W.S., & Hunter, B.A. (1995). Sexism and Racism: Old Fashioned and Modern Prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 199-214.
33. Terry, D.J., & Hogg, M.A., (1996). Group norms and the attitude-behaviour relationship. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 776-796.
34. Terry, D.J., Hogg, M.A., & White, K.A. (2000). Attitude-Behavior relations: Social identity and group membership. In Terry, D.J. & Hogg, M.A. (Eds.), Attitude, Behavior and Social Context: The role of norms and group membership (pp. 67-73). London: LEA.
35. Terry, D.J., Hogg, M.A., & Blackwood, L. (2001). Prejudiced Attitudes, Group Norms and Discriminatory Behaviour. In M. Augoustinos, & K.J. Reynolds, (Eds.), Understanding Prejudice, racism and social conflict (pp. 140-158). London: Sage Publications
36. Tougas, F., Brown, R., Beaton, A.M., & Joly, S. (1995). Neo Sexism: Plus ca change, plus c'est pareil. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 842-849.
37. Turner, J.C. (1991). Social influence. CA: Brooks/Cole.
38. Van de Yen, P., Kippax, S., Crawford, J., Race, K., & Rodden, P. (1998). Homophobic and HIV-related abuse and discrimination experienced by gay and homosexually active men in an Australian national sample. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 31, 141-159.
39. Walker, I. (2001). The Changing Nature of Racism: From Old to New? In Augoustinos, M. & Reynolds, K.J. (Eds.), Understanding prejudice, racism and social conflict (pp. 24-42). London: Sage Publications.